Differential and diagnostic significance of monocytosis in treatment of moderate forms of COVID-19

Treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in the overwhelming majority of cases is accompanied by empirical prescription of antibiotic therapy. According to a number of studies carried out, the addition of a bacterial infection in this disease is noted less often than in other viral pneumonias, in particular, caused by the influenza virus. In addition, the occurrence of leukocytosis in response to therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) is often perceived as an attachment of bacterial flora and is the reason for initiating antibiotic therapy. Therefore, an urgent task is the correct interpretation of leukocytosis in response to GCS therapy in COVID-19. The purpose of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes of venous blood in patients with moderate COVID-19 with systemic use of GCS. Also we aimed to determine the differences in these indicators between the group of patients with indirect signs of bacterial infection and the group of patients receiving GCS. We analyzed the indicators of the complete blood count of 154 patients in the temporary infectious diseases hospital in the “PATRIOT” Park of the Moscow region with confirmed moderate form of COVID-19. The comparison group (1) consisted of 128 patients without clinical signs of bacterial infection and leukocytosis on admission, who were prescribed GCS therapy. The control group (2) consisted of 26 people who, upon admission, showed signs of a bacterial infection - a cough with purulent sputum in combination with neutrophilic leukocytosis. The dynamics of cells in venous blood was assessed in patients of group (1) before the start, 3 and 6 days after the start of GCS therapy. We also compared the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes between patients with developed leukocytosis from group (1) in response to GCS therapy and group (2). As a result of the study, an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes was revealed according to the data of the complete blood count test in patients of the group (1) on days 3 and 6 of GCS therapy. All patients with developed leukocytosis (103 people) had no clinical signs of bacterial infection. In patients with developed leukocytosis from group (1), an increase in the number of monocytes was revealed (0.90 (0.84; 1.02) on day 3 of GCS and 0.94 (0.87; 1.26) on day 6 of GCS) compared with group (2) (0.61 (0.50; 0.71)), p <0.001. The number of leukocytes and neutrophils did not differ between the groups. The appearance of monocytosis when taking GCS may be due to the presence of macrophage activation syndrome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and, therefore, increased activation of monocytes. The use of GCS in this case leads to inhibition of the migration of monocytes to the inflammation area and to the stimulation of the production of their anti-inflammatory pool (M2 cells) by the bone marrow. This fact causes an increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood. Monocytosis in response to GCS therapy can be a differential diagnostic criterion between glucocorticoid-induced leukocytosis and the addition of a bacterial infection. This may be one of the factors influencing the decision to prescribe antibiotic therapy, and may also be a criterion for the effectiveness of GCS immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19, which requires further study.

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Influence of toxoplasma gondii antigens on features of immune status at prenatal and early postnatal periods: experimental study

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1524 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 398-401

Author(s):

T F Sokolova ◽

D G Novikov ◽

A V Indutny

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Blood Count ◽

Immune Status ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

White Rats ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. To detect the features of immune status at prenatal and early postnatal periods under the influence of Toxoplasma gondii antigens. Methods. The experimental study was performed on Wistar white rats, who were the offspring of the female rats who were sensitized by T. gondii corpuscular antigen during the III trimester of pregnancy - group 1 (n=96) and on animals who were administered T. gondii corpuscular antigen at firs day of life - group 2 (n=103). Control group consisted of intact rats. Common blood test, levels of antibody-forming cells and CD3+ cells were assessed at 60 day after birth. Results. Neutrophil blood count was 1.9 times higher in the group 1 rats compared to group 2. Eosinophil blood count was 1.4 times lower in the group 1 compared to control group (р=0.01), and 2 times lower in the group 2 compared to control group (р=0.002). At the same time, lymphocyte count was comparable in the group 1 rats and control group, while it was 1.4 times lower in the group 2 compared to control group (р=0.04). Together with that, there was a reduction of CD3+ cells and antibody-forming cells in blood and spleen, which was more marked in the 2nd group. Lymphoadenopathy, thymus dysgenesia, reduced blood and spleen T-cells levels, low humeral immunity were found in Wistar white rats, who were the offspring of the female rats who were sensitized by T. gondii corpuscular antigen during the III trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. The influence T. gondii corpuscular antigen on rats during perinatal period results in secondary immunodeficiency, persisting at 60 day of life.

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Importance of haemogram parameters for prediction of the time of birth in women diagnosed with threatened preterm labour

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520918432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 030006052091843

Author(s):

Harun Egemen Tolunay ◽

Erkan Elci

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Preterm Labour ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Group 2 ◽

Lymphocyte Cell ◽

Neutrophil Cell ◽

Group 1

Objective This study aimed to estimate the importance of complete blood count parameters for predicting the timing of birth in threatened preterm labour cases. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 92 patients who were diagnosed with threatened preterm labour (24–34 gestational weeks). The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of birth (group 1: delivered within the first week after diagnosis; group 2: delivered later than 1 week). We compared characteristics and complete blood count parameters between these two groups. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, body mass index, gravida, parity, haemoglobin levels, and gestational weeks between the two groups. The mean cervical length was 24.24 ± 3.60 mm in group 1 and 30.70 ± 5.32 mm in group 2. There were significant differences in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), absolute lymphocyte cell count, and absolute neutrophil cell count between the two groups. Conclusion Maternal serum RDW, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte cell count, and the absolute neutrophil cell count profile could guide clinicians in predicting the time of birth in threatened preterm labour cases.

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Effect of deslorelin on the induction of estrus in anestrous bitches

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352010000300017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.L. Lanna ◽

A.P. Marques Jr. ◽

R.H. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Injectable Formulation ◽

Vaginal Cytology ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control ◽

Group 1

The efficacy of one or multiple doses of an injectable formulation of deslorelin (a GnRH agonist) was evaluated to induce estrus in anestrous bitches. Thirteen animals composed three groups: group 1 (n=5, single IM injection of 2mg deslorelin), group 2 (n=5, four IM injections of 2mg deslorelin in alternate days), and control group (n=3, four IM saline injections in alternate days). Daily clinical evaluations, sexual behavior, vaginal cytology, plasma progesterone concentration, ovaryhysterectomy and macroscopic evaluation of the uterus and ovaries were done. In group 1, none of the bitches showed signs of estrus, while two developed clinical signs and vaginal cytology of proestrus. In group 2, all animals presented proestrus, four presented estrus, and three ovulated; resulting in a functional corpus luteum and high progesterone concentration until day 25 of diestrus, when ovaryhysterectomy was performed. The duration of the stages of deslorelin induced cycles and the progesterone profile were similar to those described in the literature, and no side effects were observed. In conclusion, injectable formulation of deslorelin in multiple injections was effective to induce fertile estrus in anestrous bitches.

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Oral N - Acetyl Cysteine for Meconium Ileus of Preterm Infants

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2019.930 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Gulsum Kadioglu Simsek ◽

Sema Arayici ◽

Mehmet Buyuktiryaki ◽

Nilufer Okur ◽

Gozde Kanmaz Kutman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infant ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Meconium Ileus ◽

Control Group ◽

Acetyl Cysteine ◽

Group 2 ◽

Standard Medical Treatment ◽

To Receive ◽

Group 1

Objective: Meconium ileus of preterm infant is a kind of intestinal obstruction. There is no standard medical treatment of meconium ileus of preterm infant. Study Design: During the study period, preterm infants under 1250 g and have clinical signs of meconium obstruction were retrospectively included in the study. In the first two days, rectal saline and metoclopramide started and if not respond these infants assigned to receive oral or rectal n-acetyl cysteine and control group remained to receive a saline enema. Results: One hundred and twenty-one infants were included in the study. Thirty-four of them received oral n-acetyl cysteine (group 1) and fifty-two had treated with rectal n-acetyl cysteine (group 2), thirty-five of them served as a control group (group 3). The mean gestational ages were 28, 28, 27 weeks and birthweights were 942, 1010, 965 grams for group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively. There was a difference between groups for reaching full enteral feedings (13 ±2, 13 ±3, 15±3, group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively, p=0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, it can be stated that orally administered n-acetyl cysteine is tolerable and as effective as rectal n-acetyl cysteine when used for MIPI.

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Prophylactic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Saussurea Costus Roots Against Hepato- Renal Toxicity Induced by Diazinon in Chickens

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2020.13.2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 34-51

Author(s):

Alaa K. Hamad ◽

Mariam Kadhem

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Vein ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The study was performed to investigate the prophylactic role of Saussurea costus roots in the functional and histological changes caused by diazinon in the liver and kidneysin chickens. 18 chickens were used of Arbor Acres strain at 54 days of age and 1300-1500 gm average of body weight was used for this purpose. The birds were divided into 3 groups equally (6chicken in each groups), Group 1: served as a control negative received distilled water 1 ml. Group 2: served as a positive control group, received diazinon at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day. Group 3: were given an ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus at dose 300 mg/kg, then after one hour administrated diazinon at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day, this group served as a prophylactic group. The doses were given orally once daily for 4 weeks.The results of group 2 showed clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, salivation, diarrhea, breathing from the mouth, teary eyes, drooping of wings. The body weights of the chickens and weights of the liver and kidneys of group 2 significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared with groups 1 and 3. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, total protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while a significant increase (p≤0.05) in heterophil, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA compared with group 1. The gross examination of the liver and kidney of group 2 were pale, easily crumbles and smaller than that of group 1. Histopathological changes of the liver of group 2 including congested and dilated central vein, vacuolated cytoplasm of hepatocytes, focal necrotic tissue filled with inflammatory cells, thickening of the bile duct, thickening wall of the portal artery. fibroblast in portal area, dilated sinusoid. Histopathological changes of the kidney including dilatation of renal tubule, hemorrhage, and atrophy in the glomerulus. we concluded that administration of ethanolic extractof Saussurea costus resulted in amelioration of the morphological changes in diazinon treated chickens, improved parameters and restored the parameters to near normal compared with group 1. These results revealed that Saussurea costus roots acts as an antioxidant substance and has a hepatic and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by diazinon.

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DISTRIBUTION OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMONG DOGS OF DIFFERENT HOUSING GROUPS IN KYIV AND KYIV REGION, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Sofia Dashchenko ◽

Natalia Soroka ◽

Olena Semenko

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

String Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Strongyloidiasis in dogs, despite its uncertain zoonotic status, is potentially danger for dogs owners. It is considered that strongyloidiases characteristic for tropical and subtropical regions, but in recent years it is increasingly found in non-endemic countries. The aim. To determine the extent of the invasion, clinical signs and diagnostic methods of strongyloidiasis in dogs of different groups in Kyiv and Kyiv region. Materials and methods. A total of 364 dogs were studied (130 animals lived in shelters (Group 1) and 234 in homes (Group 2). Diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was performed by native smear and Baerman methods. Additionally, the sensitivity of the modified string test was tested. Samples of venous blood were taken from dogs with confirmed strongyloidiasis for haematological and biochemical analysis. Results. A study found that the extent of invasion (EI) in shelters and home dogs was 3.0±0.36 % (4/130; Group 1) and 2.5±0.25 % % (6/234; Group 2) respectively. It was found that three repetitions of the Baerman method test increased its efficiency to 90.5 %. The sensitivity of the modified string test was 100 %. Clinical manifestations included disorders of the respiratory (20 %: 2/10) and digestive systems (80 %: 8/10), weight loss (70 %: 7/10). Blood tests did not reveal changes specific to strongyloidiasis, eosinophilia was observed in only one dog in the acute stage of the disease. Conclusions. The results of our studies indicate the presence of strongyloidiasis in dogs in Kyiv and Kyiv region and probability of the spread of the pathogen in the environment. Symptoms in dogs with strongyloidiasis were nonspecific and cannot be used for diagnosis. A modified string test and Baerman method has demonstrated high efficacy and may be recommended to clarify the diagnosis of a chronic invasion.

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Changing epidemiology of acute renal failure at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Journal of Preventive Epidemiology ◽

10.34172/jpe.2020.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e09-e09

Author(s):

Raju Kumar ◽

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Sapna Manhas ◽

Poonam Sharma

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

North India ◽

Control Group ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical condition with a significant economic burden worldwide. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the aetiology, clinical presentation and outcome of AKI from 2012-2014 and compared these findings with historical controls (2007-2011). Patients and Methods: This was an observational prospective comparative study with two groups - historical control group (group 1; 2007-2011) and prospective group (group 2; 2012-2014). Patients of either gender or aged between 18 and 70 years with AKI were included in the study. Demographic details, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory evaluations were noted. Outcomes evaluated were etiological parameters of renal failure, the outcome of renal failure and histology. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study (group 1, n=50; group 2, n=50). Overall, demographics were comparable between the two groups. Oliguria or anuria was the commonest presentation. Proteinuria was found in 12% and 6% of patients in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The mean (SD) serum creatinine at presentation was 5.39 (2.49) and 4.93 (2.99) in two groups, respectively. The medical causes were the most common etiological parameters of AKI (76% versus 94% in groups 1 and 2, respectively). Post-surgical and obstetrics causes were less prevalent in group 2. Acute interstitial Nephritis was common histology pattern in both group 1 and 2. The frequency of haemodialysis increased in group 2 and the mortality was decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Results showed that some etiological factors were slowly becoming less prevalent, while others were becoming more important factors in the genesis of AKI.

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Effects of a highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma on the bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502010000100008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marco Antonio de Oliveira Filho ◽

Paulo Afonso Nunes Nassif ◽

Osvaldo Malafaia ◽

Jurandir Marcondes Ribas Filho ◽

Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes Ribas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Control Group ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) in the pathways of bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits. METHODS: The hPRP was produced from collected venous blood of 21 rabbits. Four non-critical defects of 8 mm in diameter were created on the calvaria of each animal. The defects were all treated differently: autogenous particled bone (APB, group 1), autogenous particled bone associated with hPRP (APB + hPRP, group 2), isolated hPRP (group 3), and blood clot (control, group 4). Animals were submitted to euthanasia on the 2nd, 4th and 6th week postoperatively. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were carried through. RESULTS: After two weeks, groups 1 and 2 were in more advanced stage of repair than 3 and 4. At this period, comparing the groups 1 and 2, no significant differences were found between both, which also happened between the groups 3 and 4. However, after four and six weeks, the group 1 showed a more advanced stage of repair among all the other studied groups, while group 2 was in more advanced signs of bone repair than groups 3 and 4. Comparing groups 3 and 4, after four and six weeks, the least advanced stage of bone repair was found to be within group 3. CONCLUSION: The use of a highly concentrated PRP was considered prejudicial to the repair of non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits, either in the association of autogenous particled bone, when compared to autogenous particled bone alone, or in its isolated form, when compared to blood clot (control).

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Bloat and colic in horses experimentally induced by the ingestion of Panicum maximum cv. ‘Mombaça’

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012001100019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 2033-2033 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valíria Duarte Cerqueira ◽

Gabriela Riet-Correa ◽

Marcos Dutra Duarte ◽

Carlos Alberto de Oliveira ◽

Franklin Riet-Correa

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Amazon Region ◽

The Other ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Control Group ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1 ◽

Experimentally Induced

In the Amazon region, sprouting pastures of Panicum maximum cause colic and death in horses and mules. To produce the disease two experiments were performed with growing P. maximum cv. 'Mombaça' in penned horses. In Experiment 1, at the beginning of the raining season, 10 horses were fed with recently harvested sprouting P. maximum. Two horses showed colic on the 5th and 11th day after start of the ingestion. In Experiment 2, also during the raining season, the same 10 horses used in Experiment 2 were divided into two groups of 5 horses each. Group 1 received sprouting P. maximum immediately after harvested and Group 2 received the grass 24 hours after harvested. The control group consisted of four animals which were placed in individual pens and fed with Pennisetum purpureum and commercial ration twice a day. One horse from Group 2 showed colic on day 13th after the start of feeding. The other horses of both groups showed intestinal bloat. In both experiments affected horses recovered after the end of the administration. The control group did not showed clinical signs. These results demonstrated that the disease is caused by the ingestion of sprouting P. maximum during the rainy season. The results in experiment 2 showed that P. maximum do not loss toxicity 24 hours after harvesting. Clinical signs suggest that primary alteration caused by P. maximum is intestinal fermentation followed by bloat.

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Prospective analysis of inflammatory response markers, endothelial dysfunction and hemostasis parameters in COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T Petelina ◽

N Musikhina ◽

K Avdeeva ◽

S Leonovich ◽

L Gapon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Group 2 ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world with high cardiovascular complications and mortality. Patients with heart pathology and diabetes mellitus were at greatest risk. An accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis is a vital step to help manage cardiovascular disease during this pandemic. Purpose To conduct a prospective analysis of complete blood count parameters, inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction of arterial wall and hemostasis in groups of patients undergoing COVID-19 associated pneumonia with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2); to highlight indicators of long-term adverse cardiovascular events. Methods The study was carried out within register on one-year cardiac follow-up of patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Patients (n=380) were identified in the period from April to July 2020 according to the data of medical information system of monoinfectious hospital. At the moment, data of the first 65 patients with cardiovascular pathology are obtained. Group 1 included 53 patients without DM2 (mean age 47.83±15.86 years), group 2 consisted of 12 patients with DM2 (61.71±9.12 years). Baseline parameters of complete blood count, biochemistry and hemostasis were assessed on the day of hospitalization. In-depth analysis of laboratory parameters was carried out in 3 months. Results In group 1 significant decrease of coagulogram parameters: INR (p=0.004), fibrinogen, APTT, thrombocrit, large platelets level (p<0.0001), CRP level, liver enzymes (p<0.0001), leukocytes (p=0.015), erythrocytes (p=0.006) and increase in hematocrit (p<0.0001) were registered in 3 months compared to baseline data. In group 2 positive dynamics of CRP (p=0.018), platelets (p=0046), APTT (p=0.043) and erythrocytes (p=0.028) were revealed, while CRP concentration remained higher than reference values in 3 months. In group 2 in-depth analysis of biomarkers revealed values exceeding normal levels: hs-CRP (4.72±3.33 mg/L), homocysteine (13.17±7.95 μmol/L), myeloperoxidase (47.6±38.51), NT-proBNP (154.56±127.30 mg/ml), P-selectin (141.29±124.71) TgFb1 (6549.86±1987.87 pg/ml). Correlation analysis detected positive association of homocysteine level with platelets level (p=0.002. R=0.998), myeloperoxidase with fibrinogen (p=0.012. R=0.865). Conclusion Three months after COVID-19 elevated levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, hs-CRP, homocysteine), endothelial dysfunction and thrombophilia (large platelets, P-selectin, TgFb1) are indicators of prolonged arterial inflammatory syndrome and increased predisposition to coagulopathy with thrombosis determining a very high risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with DM2. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

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