scholarly journals Influence of toxoplasma gondii antigens on features of immune status at prenatal and early postnatal periods: experimental study

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
T F Sokolova ◽  
D G Novikov ◽  
A V Indutny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To detect the features of immune status at prenatal and early postnatal periods under the influence of Toxoplasma gondii antigens. Methods. The experimental study was performed on Wistar white rats, who were the offspring of the female rats who were sensitized by T. gondii corpuscular antigen during the III trimester of pregnancy - group 1 (n=96) and on animals who were administered T. gondii corpuscular antigen at firs day of life - group 2 (n=103). Control group consisted of intact rats. Common blood test, levels of antibody-forming cells and CD3+ cells were assessed at 60 day after birth. Results. Neutrophil blood count was 1.9 times higher in the group 1 rats compared to group 2. Eosinophil blood count was 1.4 times lower in the group 1 compared to control group (р=0.01), and 2 times lower in the group 2 compared to control group (р=0.002). At the same time, lymphocyte count was comparable in the group 1 rats and control group, while it was 1.4 times lower in the group 2 compared to control group (р=0.04). Together with that, there was a reduction of CD3+ cells and antibody-forming cells in blood and spleen, which was more marked in the 2nd group. Lymphoadenopathy, thymus dysgenesia, reduced blood and spleen T-cells levels, low humeral immunity were found in Wistar white rats, who were the offspring of the female rats who were sensitized by T. gondii corpuscular antigen during the III trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. The influence T. gondii corpuscular antigen on rats during perinatal period results in secondary immunodeficiency, persisting at 60 day of life.

Investigation of TAp63 gene Expression and Follicle Count Using Melatonin in Cisplatin-induced Ovarian Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacı Öztürk Şahin ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Duran ◽  
Fatma Sılan ◽  
Ece Sılan ◽  
Duygu Sıddıkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Premature ovarian failure is among the most important side effects of chemotherapy during reproductive period. Preserving ovarian function is gradually gaining importance during oncologic treatment. The present study aims to investigate the potential of melatonin to protect from cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Twenty nine female rats were divided to three groups: Saline control group (Group 1), cisplatin group (Group 2), and cisplatin+melatonin group (Group 3). While the rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered 5 mg/kg single dose of cisplatin via intra-peritoneal (IP) route, the rats in Group 3 were started on melatonin (20 mg/kg IP) before cisplatin administration and continued during 3 consecutive days. Ovaries were removed one week after cisplatin administration in all groups. Blood samples were obtained before the rats were decapited. Histological evaluation, follicle count, and classification were performed. TAp63 mRNA expression was evaluated using mRNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum estradiol (E2) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured with enzyme immune-assay technology. Results: While primordial follicles were seen to decrease in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (p:0.023), primordial follicle count was observed to be preserved significantly in melatonin group as compared to Group 2 (p:0.047). Moreover, cisplatin-induced histo-pathological morphology was preserved in favor of normal histology in melatonin group. A significant difference was not observed between groups with regard to mean serum AMH and E2 values (p:0.102 and p:0.411, respectively). While TAp63 gene expression significantly increased in Group 2 as compared to control group (p:0.001), we did not detect a statistically significant difference in cisplatin+melatonin group, although gene expression decreased (p:0.34). Conclusion: We conclude that concurrent administration of melatonin and cisplatin may protect from ovarian damage.

scholarly journals Histomorphological evaluation of osteoclast cell count in femur bone of mice induced by anastrazole and protective effect of olive oil.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843
Author(s):  
Anjum Ishaque ◽  
Saima Nadeem ◽  
Shagufta Nisar ◽  
Hasnain Ali Shah ◽  
Khalid Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out protective effect of olive oil to prevent bone loss by decreasing osteoclast count in patient receiving Anastrazole. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Animal House, Peshawar and Pathology Lab KGMC Peshawar. Period: March 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Sixty female albino mice 6-8 weeks of age were selected for this experimental study and Aromatase inhibitor drug Anastrazole was given alone and in combination with olive oil once daily for 30 successive days. Femur bone samples were collected and stained with Eosin and Hematoxylin for histomorphological evaluation of osteoclast cell count in three all three groups i.e. control group, those receiving Anastrazole alone and those given Anastrazole and olive oil in combination. Results: The mean weight of all experimental female albino mice before study was 30.77- 33.05 grams and after the study was 30.84- 21.31 grams. Control group 1 which was given normal diet showed increased weight of mice with less osteoclast cell count as compared to experimental groups (2 and 3).  In group 2 (Drugged) which was given Anastrazole, weight of were lesser than control group 1 and group 3(Anastrazole + olive oil), while, osteoclast score was greater than group 1(control) and group 3 (Anastrazole + olive oil). Group3 (Drugged+ Olive oil) showed greater weight of mice than group 2 (Anastrazole) but, lesser than control group 1. Osteoclast score was greater than control group but lesser than group 2 (Anastrazole). Conclusion: The results showed positive and protective effects of olive oil against Anastrazole induced bone loss in female albino mice.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Susu Kacang Kedelai (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Madianung ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati ◽  
Lydia Tendean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: The effects of soy beans on spermatozoa still been a controversial thing. Soy is one of the source of the Fitoestrogen because the structure isoflavon of soy is similar with the structure of estrogen molecule, so it can confound the balancial of hormone. Soy also as a source of protein that rich of amino acid arginin. The study was carried out to find the effects of soy bean milk on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine wistar rats weighing from 200 to 250 grams. These nine wistar rats were divide into 3 groups. Consists of control group (K) that did not gives the soy bean milk, the group 1 (P1) that gives the soy bean milk with dose 500mg/kg BB/day and the group 2 (P2) with dose 780mg/kg BB/day. Treatment carried out for 60 days. As a result, there is an improvement in consentration and morphology of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 1 (P1) and group 2 (P2). Spermatozoa motility have a tendency to rise, but statistically meaningless (p>0,05). Conclusion: The higher dose of soy bean milk may rise the concentration, morphology and motility of spermatozoa wistar rats.Keywords: soy bean, soy bean milk, qualities of spermatozoa.Abstrak: Pengaruh kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa masih menimbulkan kontroversi. Kedelai merupakan salah satu sumber fitoestrogen karena struktur isoflavon kedelai mirip dengan struktur molekul estrogen sehingga dapat mengacaukan keseimbangan hormon. Kedelai juga sebagai sumber protein yang kaya akan asam amino arginin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari susu kacang kedelai terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor wistar yang terbagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok. Terdiri dari Kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan susu kacang kedelai, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberi susu kacang kacang kedelai dengan dosis 500mg/kgBB/hari dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) dengan dosis 780mg/kgBB/hari. Pemberian perlakuan berlangsung selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan konsentrasi dan morfologi spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2). Motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) mempunyai kecenderungan meningkat, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan: Makin tinggi dosis susu kacang kedelai yang diberikan, dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa tikus wistar.Kata kunci: kacang kedelai, susu kacang kedelai, kualitas spermatozoa.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUSU BEKATUL TERHADAP KONSENTRASI KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGLISERIDAPADA TIKUS PUTIH WISTAR DIABETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah ◽  
Saifuddin Sirajuddin ◽  
Zainal Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT In diabetics there is usually an increase in free fatty acids in the blood and increases the concentration of cholecerols and triglycerides, this condition is called diabetes dyshidemia. This study aimed to find out at the effect of bran milk treatment on the changes of the concetration of cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetetic white wistar rats. Conducted on May 15 until 15 August 2018. Experimental research pre-post test with control design. Subjects of twenty wistar white rats were made diabetic by injecting alloxan 140mg / kg. After being declared diabetic, the rats were divided into four groups, namely group 1 (negative control), group 2 (positive control), group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200 gr) and group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr). The intervention was given for fourteen days. The data analysis used the paired T-test to test the subject before and afterthe treatment and the One-Way ANOVA test was used to test the difference between the groups. The research results indicated that  the treatment with bran milk there were no significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the four groups. But when viewed from changes before and after the intervention showed that group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr) decreased cholesterol concentration and in group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200gr) a decrease in triglycerides was better than group 1 (control negative) and group 2 (positive control). It was concluded that the administration of bran milk can reduce the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in wistar diabetic white rats.Keywords : Bran milk, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Rats, Diabetic

scholarly journals Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
White Vinegar ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

scholarly journals Differential and diagnostic significance of monocytosis in treatment of moderate forms of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shperling ◽  
E. Shperling ◽  
A. Kovalev ◽  
A. Vlasov ◽  
A. Polyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in the overwhelming majority of cases is accompanied by empirical prescription of antibiotic therapy. According to a number of studies carried out, the addition of a bacterial infection in this disease is noted less often than in other viral pneumonias, in particular, caused by the influenza virus. In addition, the occurrence of leukocytosis in response to therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) is often perceived as an attachment of bacterial flora and is the reason for initiating antibiotic therapy. Therefore, an urgent task is the correct interpretation of leukocytosis in response to GCS therapy in COVID-19. The purpose of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes of venous blood in patients with moderate COVID-19 with systemic use of GCS. Also we aimed to determine the differences in these indicators between the group of patients with indirect signs of bacterial infection and the group of patients receiving GCS. We analyzed the indicators of the complete blood count of 154 patients in the temporary infectious diseases hospital in the “PATRIOT” Park of the Moscow region with confirmed moderate form of COVID-19. The comparison group (1) consisted of 128 patients without clinical signs of bacterial infection and leukocytosis on admission, who were prescribed GCS therapy. The control group (2) consisted of 26 people who, upon admission, showed signs of a bacterial infection - a cough with purulent sputum in combination with neutrophilic leukocytosis. The dynamics of cells in venous blood was assessed in patients of group (1) before the start, 3 and 6 days after the start of GCS therapy. We also compared the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes between patients with developed leukocytosis from group (1) in response to GCS therapy and group (2). As a result of the study, an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes was revealed according to the data of the complete blood count test in patients of the group (1) on days 3 and 6 of GCS therapy. All patients with developed leukocytosis (103 people) had no clinical signs of bacterial infection. In patients with developed leukocytosis from group (1), an increase in the number of monocytes was revealed (0.90 (0.84; 1.02) on day 3 of GCS and 0.94 (0.87; 1.26) on day 6 of GCS) compared with group (2) (0.61 (0.50; 0.71)), p <0.001. The number of leukocytes and neutrophils did not differ between the groups. The appearance of monocytosis when taking GCS may be due to the presence of macrophage activation syndrome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and, therefore, increased activation of monocytes. The use of GCS in this case leads to inhibition of the migration of monocytes to the inflammation area and to the stimulation of the production of their anti-inflammatory pool (M2 cells) by the bone marrow. This fact causes an increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood. Monocytosis in response to GCS therapy can be a differential diagnostic criterion between glucocorticoid-induced leukocytosis and the addition of a bacterial infection. This may be one of the factors influencing the decision to prescribe antibiotic therapy, and may also be a criterion for the effectiveness of GCS immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19, which requires further study.

scholarly journals Impact of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and adipose hormones with Insulin Resistant on obese aborted women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Abeer J. Hassan ◽  
Nazar Sh. Mohammed ◽  
Muhannad Shweash ◽  
Hatem M. Hadeed
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study was carried out at Baghdad hospital in, for the period from November 2018 to July 2019. The study included (151) aborted obese women whose ages ranged between (18–41) years with positive Toxoplasma gondii infection. They were divided into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI) value: Group 1: consisted of 61 women with BMI less than 30, Group 2: consisted of (90) women with BMI greater than 30. The control group included (52) healthy volunteer women aged 19–41 years with negative Toxoplasma for comparison of the results. The case and controls were matched for age and gender. Serum samples were tested for fasting blood sugar, insulin, IgG, and IgM of Toxoplasma, Leptin, and Adiponectin as well as insulin resistance index. The results showed that the age factor was not significant between group 1 and group 2 when compared with the healthy group, and there was no significant change between group 2 comparing to group1. In this study, the result of BMI showed substantial increase in group 1, while highly marked increase in group 2 when both groups were compared with the control group. Finally, the levels of Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies showed a highly significant increase in the two patient groups in comparison with the control group. An increase in mean value of leptin concentration was noticeable in group 1 and group 2 with a highly significant difference when compared with the control group. No significant difference was found in the levels of fasting blood glucose in Group 1 and Group 2 compared to the control group. Also, a significant difference in HOMA-IR and QUICK- IR was observed in the patient groups once associated control group. Data revealed a considerable difference with the glucose/insulin ratio in group 1, but a highly significant was noticed in group 2 when compared with the control group. HOMA-AD results showed a significant difference in Group 1 and a highly significant decrease in Group 2.

scholarly journals Investigation of TAp63 gene expression and follicle count using melatonin in cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Hacı Öztürk Şahin ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Duran ◽  
Fatma Sılan ◽  
Ece Sılan ◽  
Duygu Sıddıkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Premature ovarian failure is among the most important side effects of chemotherapy during reproductive period. Preserving ovarian function is gradually gaining importance during oncologic treatment. The present study aims to investigate the potential of melatonin to protect from cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in rats.Methods: Twenty-nine female rats were divided to three groups: Saline control group (group 1), cisplatin group (group 2), and cisplatin and melatonin group (group 3). While the rats in groups 2 and 3 were administered 5 mg/kg single dose of cisplatin via intra-peritoneal (IP) route, the rats in group 3 were started on melatonin (20 mg/kg IP) before cisplatin administration and continued during 3 consecutive days. Ovaries were removed one week after cisplatin administration in all groups. Blood samples were obtained before the rats were decapitated. Histological evaluation, follicle count, and classification were performed. TAp63 mRNA expression was evaluated using mRNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum estradiol (E2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured with enzyme immune-assay technology.Results: While primordial follicles were seen to decrease in group 2 as compared to group 1 (p=0.023), primordial follicle count was observed to be preserved significantly in melatonin group as compared to group 2 (p=0.047). Moreover, cisplatin-induced histo-pathological morphology was preserved in favor of normal histology in melatonin group. A significant difference was not observed between groups with regard to mean serum AMH and E2 values (p=0.102 and p=0.411, respectively). While TAp63 gene expression significantly increased in group 2 as compared to control group (p=0.001), we did not detect a statistically significant difference in cisplatin and melatonin group, although gene expression decreased (p=0.34).Conclusions: We conclude that concurrent administration of melatonin and cisplatin may protect from ovarian damage.

scholarly journals Interaction of sperm with endometrium can regulate genes involved in endometrial receptivity pathway in mice: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Ajdary ◽  
Zahra Zandieh ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Amjadi ◽  
Fariborz Keyhanfar ◽  
Fariborz Keyhanfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Reproductive Science ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Many researchers consider implantation and endometrial receptivity as pertinent issues in reproductive science. Although, several experiments have been performed and their results evaluated, yet there is no confirmed evidence about the related factors and the role of sperm in endometrial receptivity. Objective: To investigate the effect of the sperm-endometrium interaction in regulating genes involved in the endometrial receptivity pathway. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 10 male and 30 female NMRI mice were included, and half of the male cases were vasectomized. The subjects were divided into two groups as follows; group 1 (case) comprised of 15 females mated with 5 non-vasectomized male mice, while group 2 (control) consisted of 15 females mated with 5 vasectomized males. Cases were sacrificed and assessed after 36 hr and the endometrial tissue was extracted and kept at -80°C until the next use. The expression of the endometrial receptivity pathway genes, including VEGF, HBEGF, FGF2, EGF, LIF, LIFR, HOXA10, MUC1, PGR, and CSF, was examined in both groups. For statistical analysis, an independent samples test (Mean ± SD) was used. Results: The mRNA levels of LIF (p = 0.045), LIFR (p = 0.040), MUC1 (p = 0.032), VEGF (p = 0.022), EFG (p = 0.035), and FGF2 (p = 0.040) were significantly upregulated in the case group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Finally, seminal plasma was observed to be effective in expressing the involved genes in the successful implantation pathway, including LIF, LIFR, MUC1, VEGF, EGF, and FGF2. Key words: Endometrial receptivity, Sperm, Gene expression, Mice.

Structural and Ultrastructural Study, at Ovariectomised Female Rats, and their Reactivity to the Administration of Injectable Oestrogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Mocan- Hognogi Radu Florin ◽  
Costin Nicolae ◽  
Constantin Craciun ◽  
Malutan Andrei ◽  
Trif Ioana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 2

The purpose of this study has been to identify and emphasise structural and ultrastructural modifications occurring in the vaginal epithelium in ovariectomised female rats, as well as their reactivity to the administration of injectable oestrogens. 30 female Wistar white rats have been used, with an average weight of 200 g, distributed as follows: group 1, control group, with no treatment or intervention whatsoever, group 2, menopausal, operated group, with no treatment, and groups 3, 4 and 5, operated, to which oestrogenic treatment was administered. 15 days after surgery, the hormone replacement therapy with injectable oestrogens was initiated (Estradiol, Estradurin, Sintofolin), with a dosage of 0.2 mg/rat/day, and after 14 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and biopsies were taken from vaginal epithelium, after which the samples were processed in accordance with optical microscopy techniques (the semi-thin section technique) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In group 2, the vaginal epithelium was congested and exhibited relatively numerous invaginations of the mucosa and irregularities of the surface of the epithelium, with a decrease in the number of cells forming every layer, including the ones in the basal layer, which could no longer ensure the regeneration of all cells lost at the level of the epithelium of the superficial layer. In groups 3, 4 and 5, compared to group 2, ovariectomised, the semi-thin sections obtained revealed hyperplasia of all cellular layers of the vaginal epithelium. Ultrastructural investigations confirm the results of the structural study based on semi-thin sections, as the injectable oestrogen treatment has protected and rebuilt the structure of the vaginal epithelium, the chorion and the muscular layers affected by ovariectomy. Our study has shown that experimentally induced menopause has caused significant modifications, expressed polymorphically with alterations to various degrees of ultrastructural visualisation at the level of the entire vaginal epithelium. In all groups treated with oestrogens, it has become apparent that the vaginal epithelium is hyperplased, with the vast majority of its cells having a normal or almost normal aspect, and an isolated presence of structures that have not been completely rebuilt.

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