scholarly journals Names of Crystal-Bearing Deposits of the Circumpolar and Southern Urals: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Yuri S. Kostylev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Method Show

The paper studies the names of objects of vein quartz and rock crystal deposits (placers, deposits, crystal manifestations, quarries, mines, veins, and other artificial and natural objects) located on the territory of the Circumpolar and Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk Region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic). The timeframe of crystal mining in these regions can be set for mid-late 20th century. The study investigates systemic connections and the etymology of deposit names to identify the motivation and principles of their naming. This includes 339 toponyms of which 282 units belong to the Circumpolar Urals and 57 to the Southern Urals. A considerable part of the names is formed by metonymic transfer or copy of the names of natural places. In terms of linguistic affiliation, most toponyms in the Polar Urals have Komi-Zyryan and Mansi origin, whereas in the Southern Urals, the majority is Russian. By motivation, some of the toponyms refer to properties of the object that are most relevant for production (mineral composition, geographical position, etc). The already established system of geographical names denoting natural objects should also be accounted for the formation of a toponymic system related to crystal deposits. Characteristically, the toponymic system of the Circumpolar Urals and the Astafyevskoye field deposits in the Southern Urals (developed by a regular industrial method) show more relation to artificial systems while the Svetlinsky field, where the development took the prospecting method, demonstrates the features of a natural naming system.

Cultivation of Rapeseed in the Southern Urals and Its Rational Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Sergeev ◽  
Mikhail V. Zapevalov ◽  
Alexander V. Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Spring Rape

In the continental climate of the southern Urals, rapeseed compares favorably with many forage and traditional silage crops with a high protein content and adaptive properties. The cultivation of rapeseed guarantees the production of its own seeds, up to 40 percent of oil, 60 percent of cake and 98 percent of rapeseed flour. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the efficiency of rapeseed cultivation and rational use of rapeseed seeds, rapeseed flour and oil in the agricultural production in the Chelyabinsk region. (Materials and methods) The influence of various forecrops on the productivity and quality of spring rape seeds in the links of grain-pair crop rotations in the Northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region were studied. Authors have analyzed the chemical composition of the soil and seeds of spring rape after various forecrops. (Results and discussion) The article proposes to reduce energy costs during pressing and reduce residual oil in the cake after pre-grinding of rapeseed by cutting method using a centrifugal-rotary shredder. The article shows that rapeseed flour has a good flowability and is easily mixed with other feeds. It was found that partial replacement of concentrates with rapeseed flour in the amount of 8-12 percent of the total weight in the diet of lactating cows contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 1.1-1.8 kilograms in terms of milk of 4 percent fat content. (Conclusions) It has been revealed that in order to increase the yield and quality of spring rape seeds, it is necessary to place them on the best forecrops. It was found that when 75 percent of rapeseed oil is mixed with 25 percent of diesel fuel, the obtained biodiesel is not inferior to diesel in terms of energy indicators. The article proves that when cultivating rapeseed for seeds on an area of 100 hectares, it is possible to produce 94.5 tons of biodiesel fuel, 106.0 tons of cake with an oil content of 5 percent and 8.4 tons of oil sludge, the estimated economic effect after sale is of 3,813,325 rubles.

scholarly journals Environmental Identity: Information Strategies for Mobilizing ˋNegative Memory' of the Audience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Zubanova ◽  
Sergei Sinetskii ◽  
Maria Shub
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Media ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Media Content ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Culture Development

The article analyzes the issues of interactive media culture development in modern society. The authors consider information and media strategies as tools for constructing the ecological identity of deprived territories residents (on the example of Chelyabinsk region). The article is based on research carried out between 2015 to 2019, monitoring the environmental situation in Chelyabinsk region. Mass representative surveys, held among the southern Urals citizens, expert interviews, content analysis of official information sources and informal channels of communication users (social networks), thematic debates with regional journalistic community served to ground the main ideas for this work. The resource mobilization idea of the ‘negative memory’ of the audience is the key conclusion, obtained during the analysis of sociological data. Negative memory is a stable negative perception of the territory ecological image under the influence of the broadcasted media content. The theoretical principles of memory studies are the base of this approach. The research has fixed the contradiction between the subjective readiness of the audience for constructive mobilization in the area of environmental initiatives and the ’negative ecological memory’ of the territory. To model the favorable environmental media content it is essential, firstly, to adjust it by: i) using the resource of opinion leaders and social advertising; ii) engaging the expert community in a broad public dialogue on environmental issues; iii) developing independent media projects aimed at radical transformation of the environmental agenda coverage in Chelyabinsk region. Keywords: information strategies, audience, ecology, identity, negative memory

scholarly journals Emperor Alexander II and the South Urals: A New Collection of Documents Published by Archivists of the Chelyabinsk Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Lyubichankovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The South ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
The Impact

The article reviews the collection of documents “Emperor Alexander II and the Southern Urals,” published in 2019 and dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Emperor. The book tells of the Tsarevich’s journey through the Southern Urals in 1837 and of manufacture of gifts to him by the Zlatoust craftsmen; a separate part consists of documents devoted to the reign of Alexander II and the impact of the Great Reforms on the development of the region. The collection ends with documents on the perpetuation of the Emperor’s memory. The review proves that this collection of documents closes the topic of relations between Alexander II and the Southern Urals, which has been little studied in the historiography. It concludes that the initiators of the publication – employees of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region – have included in the book legislative acts, recordkeeping materials, materials of the periodical press, sources of personal provenance, photographs, and visual materials. There is a list of archives and museums from which the sources originate: state archives of the Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk regions, the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Archive of the Zlatoust City District; the Verkhny Ufaley and Zlatoust local history museums; the Russian State Archive of Photo Documents, the State Russian Museum; the Department for Preservation of Historical Heritage of the South Ural Railway, the Russian State Historical Archive, and the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The review describes the structure of the collection and contends that it contributes to comprehensive coverage of the studied problems. It allows its readers to find the needed documents confidently and quickly, even with minimal research skills. Photo documents (little–known photographs and drawings) included in the collection complement the text quite successfully. The reviewers underscore that the publication contains three extensive introductory articles, the reading of which contributes to a deeper understanding of the sources. Thus, the review concludes that the collection has expanded the documentary base adequately in order to spur extensive research of the pre–revolutionary history of the Southern Urals.

Main directions of greening of agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
E. A. Krasnoperova ◽  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Almost All

Agriculture and the agro-industrial complex as a whole are the most important components of the world economy. The volume of production and consumption of products, their quality and availability characterize the standard of living of the population. Of course, these indicators are not the only ones, but they are the leading elements of the country’s food security, health and well-being of its population. It is only in recent years that food quality has become a priority in developed countries. Agricultural production technologies have changed signifi cantly since the mid-twentieth century. The same applies to Russia. Plowing of virgin and fallow lands in Siberia, the Southern Urals and the Far East reduced the area of haymaking and pasture lands, more than 25 million hectares of fallow land were plowed. On the other hand, the increase in livestock numbers increased the burden on pasture lands, which did not always cope with the restoration of land fertility. As a result, many valuable forage grasses have disappeared and less productive and poisonous plants have spread. The purpose of the work was to consider the main directions of greening the agro-industrial complex in the Chelyabinsk region. The causes, consequences and features of greening the agro-industrial complex have been analyzed in the article. It was found as a result of the conducted observations that the problem of greening the agroindustrial complex has become more acute in the last 50–60 years and is a consequence of not always justifi ed decisions of economic activity. This aff ected the greening of agriculture: soil, water sources and air pools. The deterioration of the environmental situation in the Chelyabinsk region as a whole and also in agriculture, almost all industries and vehicles participated. The issues of the ecology in agriculture and the agro-industrial complex are directly related to the quality of food, the state of health and working capacity of citizens.

CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN FISH FROM MINERALIZED URAL WATER BODIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Gribovsky ◽  
◽  
D.Yu. Nohrin ◽  
N.A. Davydova ◽  
A.N. Torchitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The article presents the results of comparative analysis of contamination with heavy metals of fish within the framework of comprehensive, expanded ecotoxicological monitoring of freshwater and mineralized lake farms of the Southern Urals with varying degrees of anthropogenic load. At this stage, 3 reservoirs with varying degrees of salinity were studied: Mayan, Kurakli-Mayan and Sugoyak. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method determined the content of 8 heavy metals in the bone and muscle tissue of various fish species. It was found that in muscle tissue, maximum concentrations were noted for iron and zinc, which are necessary for normal functioning of fish. Manganese and cobalt were the most variable in the composition of muscle tissue. It is shown that detected concentrations of heavy metals are within the previously established values for the reservoirs of Chelyabinsk region. The number of studied normalized elements (Pb, Cd) did not exceed the established maximum values for fish and fish products. Increased water salinity in the studied lakes is not an obstacle to their use in fisheries purposes.

Influence of glauconite on potato productivity under conditions of insufficient moisturization of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
◽  
A.K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Research 2019-2020 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region showed that the effect of glauconite on the yield and seed productivity of potatoes largely depends on the variety. The effect of glauconite (in doses from 10 to 40 t / ha) on the yield of tubers was proportional to the duration of the growing season of the varieties. The highest yield gains from glauconite were observed in the mid-ripening variety Tarasov – 4.05–4.62 t/ha, then in the medium-early variety Nevsky – 3.26–3.63 t/ha, and the smallest – were in the early variety Rosara – 1.95–2.26 t/ha. Whereas the effect of glauconite on the seed productivity of varieties had the opposite pattern: the greatest increase was observed in early-maturing varieties (Rozara – 1.30–1.56 times, Nevsky – 1.30–1.61 times), and the smallest – in the mid-season variety Tarasov (1.17–1.25 times).

scholarly journals Demographic Processes in the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s

2019 ◽  
pp. 480-493
Author(s):  
Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova ◽  
◽  
Albina I. Azhigulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Historical Methods

In the study of demographic processes, regional approach is extremely important, as it allows to trace general patterns, as well as peculiarities in vital statistics. The article deals with vital statistics of the South Ural region in the period between official Soviet censuses of 1926 and of 1939; it studies both internal and external factors. General-logical methods of induction and deduction are used to consider vital statistics nationwide and in each subject of the Southern Urals as well. Historical methods (i.e., problem-chronological, historical-comparative) allow to conduct research in accordance with historical sequence and to identify main features of demographic processes in administrative divisions. General scientific and historical methods allow to study year-by-year vital statistics in the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions and the Bashkir Autonomous Republic. Inaccessibility of sources on the 20th century demography to most researchers has had its negative impact on the scientific view on Soviet vital statistics. The authors strive to identify features of vital statistics of the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s. The case-study has proved that Soviet economic and political reforms of the period had a significant impact on the demographic balance in the Southern Urals. Year-by-year comparison of rural and urban population dynamics over 13 years between two censuses suggests compensatory natural movement of the population in the pre-war period. The authors conclude that intra-regional features can be associated with rapid development of industry in the Chelyabinsk region in the days of the pre-war five-year plans. It resulted in predominance of urban population over rural population in the Chelyabinsk region, in a radical departure from the tendency in agricultural areas of the Southern Urals (Bashkiria and the Orenburg region). The results of the study can be used in textbooks and monographs on demography, as well as in special courses on Russian demography or demography of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals “Greenhouses and Workers’ Dormitories”: Migration from Central Asia and China to Rural Areas of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A. A. Avdashkin ◽  
◽  
E. I. Salganova ◽  
N. A. Gafner ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of migration from Asian countries on the rural areas of the Russian region using the example of the Chelyabinsk region. Addressing this problem allowed us to answer the following questions: what objects in rural areas are labeled as “migrant” and what are the assessments of this phenomenon by the public? Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, natural population decline is growing. Restricting international migration has shown that migrants are very important for the Russian agricultural sector. The decline in the population in rural areas of Russia, the deterioration of the ecological situation in the Central Asian region shows the need for research on migration to the countryside. There is a high probability that after the removal of several restrictions, we will see an increase in the migration flow to some areas of the countryside (greenhouses, workers' hostels, empty villages). For this study, we applied a set of ethnographic and ethno-sociological methods: participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and massive ethno-sociological survey conducted within the framework of the RFBR and Chelyabinsk region project “Asian vector of migration to the Chelyabinsk region: historical retrospective, forecasts and risks”. In total, during the project, 150 hours of included observation were implemented. In 2021, 49 in-depth interviews were collected with residents of the Chelyabinsk region and 37 with migrants from Central Asia. The sample of objects for observation and establishment of contacts with informants included: greenhouses for growing vegetables, garden associations, settlements in the study areas, rural shops, etc. The focus of xenophobic sentiments may shift from large cities to suburbs and villages, where new objects are being built, labeled as “migrants” (greenhouses, dormitories for migrants). "Chinese" greenhouses are no longer perceived as objects directly related to the presence of the Chinese, but are associated with migrants in general. Greenhouse complexes, where the main contingent is made up of migrants from the Central Asia, seem to be perceived as "Chinese" by inertia. All negative characteristics and parameters that were attributed to them are automatically extended to all greenhouses where there are “others”.

scholarly journals The Problem of The Regional Party-Political Elite in Soviet Russia: Historical and Political Analysis

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Alexander KHUDOBORODOV ◽  
Nadezhda KORSHUNOVA ◽  
Anna SAMOKHINA
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

In this article, the authors investigate the party–political elite of the Chelyabinsk region in the 1960s – 1980s. At the expense of the most qualified and competent representatives of the political elite of the Southern Urals, the leading cadres of the authorities of the USSR and the RSFSR were formed. This gives particular importance to this region in the field of management training. In 2020, in the light of the latest events related to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, political scientists and journalists in many democratic countries predict a return to the socialist model of government with a fairly strong role of the state. As a result, it becomes especially relevant to study the general laws and regional specifics of the socialist model of the formation of the ruling elite, its composition, the laws of its functioning, coming to power, its role in the social process, the reasons for its degradation and leaving the historical arena.

scholarly journals ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МУЗЕЯ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА (HISTORY OF FORMATION OF THE STATE MUSEUM OF THE SOUTHERN URALS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Antipin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The article reconstructs the initial period of the history of the state historical Museum of the southern Urals (Chelyabinsk). The purpose of the article is to determine the date of Foundation of the Museum, for which a wide range of archival sources is analyzed. In the modern Museum, the date of Foundation is July 1, 1923. The article proves that the date of Foundation of the Museum should be considered September 5, 1913, when a meeting of teachers, local historians and representatives of local authorities was held in Chelyabinsk, where a decision was made to organize a natural history Museum and a local branch of the Ural society of natural history lovers. The article shows that the period of 1913-1923 in the history of the Museum is full of events, the continuity from the first collection to the opening on July 1, 1923 is traced. In the article, the author also considers the issues of commemoration, the formation and development of the Museum, and the development of the Museum during the civil war. According to the author, strengthening the connection of one of the most important cultural institutions of the Chelyabinsk region – the State historical Museum of the southern Urals with the pre-revolutionary past is not only a tribute to scientific truth, but also an important image step that allows you to record deep cultural traditions in Russia

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