scholarly journals Cardioprotective diet: prevalence, associations and prevention reserves

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Female Population ◽  
History Of

Most traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are diet dependent and are caused by an imbalanced nutrition. A healthy diet and individual eating habits have a significant protective effect against CVD.Aim. To study the prevalence of dietary habits with protective effects against CVD in the adult population.Material and methods. The analysis was performed using data of representative samples in 13 Russian regions of male and female population aged 25-64 years (n=19520; men — 7329, women — 12191). The response rate was about 80%. The diet was assessed by the frequency of consumption of certain foods. The cardioprotective diet included: daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, weekly — fish products, the use of only vegetable oils in cooking, and consumption of low-fat dairy. The presence of all 4 eating habits was considered Ideal Diet (ID), 1-3 habits — Intermediate Diet (ImD), none of listed habits — Bad Diet (BD).Results. The ImD was the most common — 85,8%. However, there were slight regional differences — from 80,1% in the Ivanovo Oblast to 91,0% in the Tyumen Oblast (p<0,001). The prevalence of ID was 7,0%; more common — among women (p<0,001), urban residents (p<0,001), people with higher education (p<0,001) and unemployed participants (p=0,016). It increases with age (p<0,001). The highest rate of ID was noted in St. Petersburg (13,8%) and Primorsky Krai (10,5%), the lowest — in the Volgograd (3,6%) and Tyumen Oblasts (3,5%), in the Republic of North Ossetia (3,4%). BD was more common in men (p<0,001), among people aged 25-34 years (p<0,001), less educated (p<0,001) and low-income (p<0,001) people. The prevalence of BD in the general population was 7,2% and varies from 3,1% in the Voronezh Oblast to 13,6% in the Volgograd Oblast. Individuals with hyperglycemia (50%), abdominal obesity (20%) and general obesity (18%), dyslipidemia (15%) and history of CVD (22%) were more likely to have ID. Persons with hyperglycemia (17%), abdominal obesity (13%), general obesity (11%), dyslipidemia (8%) and history of CVD (9%) were more likely to have ImD.Conclusion. A low prevalence of cardioprotective diet in the population was revealed. Only individual habits are widespread; however, a small part of Russians follow all cardioprotective habits.

scholarly journals Associations of dietary patterns and abdominal obesity in the adult population. Results of the Russian epidemiological ESSE-RF study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 4363
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
A. I. Rytova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
Yu. K. Makarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sour Cream

Abdominal obesity (AO) is an alimentary-dependent risk factor, the development and prognosis of which is directly specified by eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and AO among the adult Russian population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using representative samples of male and female population aged 25-64 years (n=19297; men, 7342; women, 11,955) from 13 Russian regions. The response was about 80%. Nutrition was assessed based on the prevalence of consumption of the main food groups forming the daily diet. Results are presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Results. Men with AO, compared with men without AO, more often consume red meat and vegetables/fruits daily by 12% and 13%, respectively, as well as less often eat cereals and pasta, confectionery, sour cream, and cottage cheese by 17%, 24%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. In women with AO, compared to women without AO, there are more differences in the diet, as they more often daily consume red meat by 28%, fish and seafood by 26%, poultry by 23%, meat and sausages and fruits/vegetables by 14%, milk, kefir, yogurt by 11%, as well as less often — cereals and pasta, sweets, and sour cream by 11%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. In women with AO, the prevalence and amount of drinking beer and dry wines is lower, but they consume spirits more frequently (p=0,0001), but without significant differences in amount. Men with AO have a higher prevalence and amount of drinking dry and fortified wines, as well as strong alcoholic drinks. Men with AO drinks higher amount of beer. In addition, men with AO showed a positive association with alcohol consumption (χ=53,64, p<0,0001), while women with AO had a negative association (χ=28,64, p<0,0001). Cardioprotective eating habits are more often (17%) present among people with AO without sex differences.Conclusion. The study revealed significant differences in dietary patterns of persons with AO compared with those without AO, most pronounced in women. 

scholarly journals Associations of eating and drinking habits with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the adult population: data from the ESSE-RF epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
A. I. Rytova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
Yu. K. Makarova ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Drinking Habits

The presence of a disease, the prognosis of which can be improved by dietary modification, motivates a patient to change their eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in the adult population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using data from representative samples of population from 13 Russian regions aged 2564 years (n=19520; men, 7329; women, 12191). The response rate was ~80%. Dietary characteristics were assessed by frequency method.Results. In the diet of people with CVDs, the daily intake of vegetables/ fruits increases by 84% in men and by 19% in women, while the use of animal fats in cooking decreases by 28% and 20%m respectively (p<0,0001). Women with CVDs reduce the consumption of processed meat and sweets by 16 and 19%, respectively (p<0,005). Persons with prior MI reduce the consumption of sweets in the diet: men by 38% and women by 30%. Men with prior MI have higher daily consumption of cereals by 31%, vegetables and fruits by 46%, low-fat dairy products — 2,4 times. In addition, they are more adherent to a healthy and cardioprotective diet by 3,65 and 1,75 times, respectively. Dietary changes in those with prior stroke were noted only in women in the form of a 29% decrease in excess salt intake (p=0,0075). In the diet of people with diabetes, there is decreased consumption of sweets and an increased intake of vegetables/fruits: by 77 and 69% in men and by 79 and 69% in women, respectively (p<0,0001). Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to adhere to a healthy diet, and women — 2,3 times (p=0,0039 and p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with CVDs, MI, and diabetes have a healthier diet than healthy persons.

scholarly journals 3rd TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116
Author(s):  
Nasira Naseem ◽  
Ijaz-Ul-Haque Taseer ◽  
Sohail Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objective: To see the frequency of anemia in pregnant ladies and its possible outcomes. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Fatima Jinnah Women Hospital, Multan. Duration of study: Six months. Material and method: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted at Gynae and Obst. OPD at Fatima Jinnah Women Hospital, Multan. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. All the pregnant women between 20-35 years irrespective of gestational age or any concurrent illness having parity upto 5 were registered for the study after getting written consent for participation. The pregnant ladies were evaluated by asking history of blood loss, parity, multiple pregnancy, worm infestation, use of NSAIDS and blood transfusion. They were especially asked about dietary habits which were rated as good, average and poor. Their socio economic status was assessed and was placed into high, middle and low income groups. Blood samples were drawn for blood counts and hemoglobin estimation in all the women presenting at hospital. Reflotron photometer, Roche Diagnostic was used for the blood testing. A cut off value of< 11 g/dl irrespective of duration of pregnancy was used for anemia. Peripheral blood film was examined for RBC morphology. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was used to categorize into micorcytic (< 76fl), macrocytic (>98fl) and normocytic (78-98fl). Fetal well being was evaluated by serial abdominal ultrasounds. Results: Three hundred pregnant women attending Gyne and Obst. OPD, Fatima Jinnah Women Hospital, Multan, were registered according to the study protocol. The duration of the study was 6 months. Maternal age was between 25-35 years. 86 % women were multiparous, 79% women presented during 3rd trimester, 15% during the 2nd trimester and 6% during 1st trimester. Thirty eight percent women had hemoglobin 8-9.9 g/dl, 48% had from 7-7.9 g/dl and 10%were falling between 5-7 g/dl. Eighty eight percent had microcytic hypochromic anemia, 12% with dimorphic picture and 4% were having low MCV and MCH but normal MCHC and these were referred for hemoglobin electrophoresis. Fifty eight percent had monthly income 2-4 thousands rupees and only 10% were earning 4-10 thousands per month. Seventy eight percent had poor diet and 22% had an average and no women were fit into the criteria for good diet. History of breast feeding was positive in 92% of the women. History of use of iron supplement was also asked, 28% had used various preparations of iron and folate for a variable period from 1-4 months, 72% never used hematinic supplements. History of previous blood transfusion during pregnancy and labour was present in 16% of the women. Three percent had fetal growth retardation. Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia during 3rd trimester of pregnancy in is high our society. It can have significant effects on maternal and fetal out come. It is a preventable cause which can be treated easily. Poverty and lack of education are the most important causes of anemia during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Association of the frequency of spicy food intake and the risk of abdominal obesity in rural Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e028736
Author(s):  
Kaili Yang ◽  
Yuqian Li ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Spicy Food

ObjectivesRecent data relating to the association between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity are limited, especially in low-income areas. Therefore, the study explored the relationship between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity, and assessed the role of energy intake as a mediator of these associations in a rural Chinese adult population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural Chinese adult population.ParticipantsSubjects from Henan Rural Cohort Study (n=28 773).Primary outcome measuresThe effects of spicy food intake frequency on abdominal obesity were analysed by restricted cubic spline and logistic regression, and the mediation effect was analysed using the bootstrap method.ResultsThe adjusted percentages of abdominal obesity were 47.32%, 51.93%, 50.66% and 50.29% in the spicy food intake subgroups of never, 1–2 day/week, 3–5 day/week and 6–7 day/week, respectively. An inverse U-shaped association was found between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity (p<0.01). Compared with subjects who never consumed spicy food, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the 1–2 day/week, 3–5 day/week and 6–7 day/week subgroups were 1.186 (1.093, 1.287), 1.127 (1.038, 1.224) and 1.104 (1.044, 1.169), respectively. Furthermore, the increased odd of abdominal obesity related to more frequent spicy food intake was mediated by higher fat energy intake; the direct and indirect effects were 1.107 (1.053, 1.164) and 1.007 (1.003, 1.012), respectively.ConclusionsThe data indicated that spicy food intake increased the risk of abdominal obesity, and fat energy intake may be a mediator of this association in rural Chinese populations. Clarifying the mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for abdominal obesity.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OOC-15006699

scholarly journals Eating habits of women of childbearing age from Varna, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chamova ◽  
T Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Abstract Background Eating habits of childbearing age women are an important public health determinant. The inappropriate dietary pattern of women in reproductive age leads to deviations in their nutritional status with possible adverse health consequences for them and their offspring. Both malnutrition and over nutrition can adversely affect reproductive abilities of women as well as the course and outcome of a possible pregnancy. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on dietary habits of 107 women, aged 19 to 42 years, in Varna, Bulgaria between March-December 2019. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy and lactation. A questionnaire was applied composed of questions on diet, dietary pattern, food frequency consumption, and the respondents' physical activity. The results were compared with the National Food Based Dietary Recommendations for Adults in Bulgaria. Data was statistically analysed with SPSS version 19. Results The average age of participants was 25.65 ± 7.48 years. 22.4% of the surveyed women followed no particular diet. 35.5% and 30.8% of the respondents had daily consumption of milk and dairy products respectively. Meat consumption 3-4 times a week was reported by 29.9% of the respondents. Only 1/4 of the respondents consumed fish each week. The relative share of women who did not consume fish was 10.3%. Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was 42.1% and 57% respectively. Conclusions The majority of the surveyed women does not follow the National recommendations for consumption frequency of milk, dairy products, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables. Respondents who do not consume fish, meat or milk and dairy products are at risk of deficiencies of both micronutrients and macronutrients. It's necessary to raise awareness about healthy eating and associated health risks. Key messages Nutrition of women of childbearing age is an important factor affecting public health. Inadequate dietary habits before conception raises the risk for the course and outcome of pregnancy with consequences for offspring health.

scholarly journals Eating habits in overweight and obese people in the gender aspect according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
I.A. Viktorova ◽  
◽  
M.V. Moiseeva ◽  
V.L. Stasenko ◽  
N.G. Shirlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Gender Aspect

Aim: to compare the eating habits in groups of subjects with normal body weight (BMI less than 25 kg/m2), overweight and obesity (BMI 25 kg/m2 or more) in the gender aspect of the population in Omsk region according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Patients and Methods: within the framework of the Russian multicenter study ESSE-RF2, the eating habits were assessed by a questionnaire method using the example of consumption of food products in 21 groups, based on the representative sample of the Omsk region population aged 25 to 64 years (n=1648). The comparison of eating habits in two groups of the surveyed was conducted: BMI<25 kg/m2 (n=572) and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (n=1076), as well as in the gender aspect. Results: the daily consumption of vegetables and fruits in the diet of Omsk residents is insufficient and practically does not differ in both groups. Omsk residents are less likely than Russians in general to consume meat daily, and women with a BMI≥25 kg/m2 tend to limit their daily consumption (p=0.063). Omsk residents do not consume enough fish, regardless of body weight, both men and women. In the daily diet of Omsk residents, poultry prevails, regardless of body weight, in comparison with the average Russian indicators. The daily consumption of milk is approximately the same in both groups, but kefir and yogurt are consumed daily and weekly more commonly in the group with BMI≥25 kg/m2 (55.5% vs. 50.2%, p=0.033). Omsk residents with BMI≥25 kg/m2 are less likely to add yogurt into their daily diet (p=0.0001), mainly due to women with the same BMI (p=0.0001), who commonly refuse it. The same category of patients restricts the consumption of pasta (p=0.004), in particular, due to men (p=0.004): more commonly restricts the excessive consumption of sweets and pastry (p=0.007), and due to women (p=0.002): more commonly adds salt to food without first trying it. Conclusion: the presence of overweight and obesity has somewhat changed the eating habits of Omsk residents in a positive direction — there was a restriction in the diet of pasta, pastry and sweets. However, in general, the imbalance in food consumption and salting food without first trying is obvious, which requires targeted preventive work taking into account the identified gender food priorities in the presence and absence of overweight and obesity. KEYWORDS: eating habits of the adult population, overweight, obesity, irrational nutrition, ESSE-RF2. FOR CITATION: Viktorova I.A., Moiseeva M.V., Stasenko V.L., Shirlina N.G. Eating habits in overweight and obese people in the gender aspect according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):358–365 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587- 6821-2021-5-6-358-365.

scholarly journals Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Low-Income Brazilian Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygraine Hartmann ◽  
Raquel Botelho ◽  
Rita Akutsu ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) by low-income students participating in the Brazilian Student Assistance Program. Methods: For three days, we measured participants’ consumption through direct observation of food intake at the University Restaurant (UR) and 24-h recall outside the restaurant. The 174 undergraduates were divided into two groups to obtain data on FV intake at the weekend (Sunday) and two days of the week. Group 1 included low-income undergraduates who received their meals for free, and Group 2 included students who paid for their meals at the UR. Results: Both groups presented a very low consumption of FV. On the weekend, Group 1 consumption was equal to Group 2, but it was higher than Group 2 on weekdays, demonstrating how important the UR is for this population. The lowest contribution of the UR to the daily consumption of FV was 59%, reaching a percentage of 87.27%. Fruit supply in the restaurant menu may have positively influenced this consumption. Conclusions: The consumption of FV varied according to the menu offered at the UR. The UR should be a space to promote healthy eating habits including more FV in its menus.

scholarly journals Effects of a healthier snack on snacking habits and glycated Hb (HbA1c): a 6-week intervention study

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Yan ◽  
Andrew Parsons ◽  
Gillian A. Whalley ◽  
Elaine C. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

AbstractDietary behaviour modification may change eating habits and reduce the impact of poor nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a healthier snack bar on snacking habits and glycated Hb (HbA1c) within a 6-week intervention. In all, twenty-eight participants were randomly allocated to two groups to either consume the bars as the main snack for 6 weeks (n 14) or receipt of the bars was delayed for 6 weeks (n 14) following a stepped-wedge design. All participants had HbA1c concentrations measured at weeks −1, 0, 4, 6, 10 and 12. A short dietary habits questionnaire was self-completed at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Participants consumed the bars they received instead of other snacks, and found that the healthier snack bar was acceptable as part of their daily dietary pattern. Over the 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in intake of biscuits, cakes and pies (approximately 2 servings/week, P<0·05) in both groups. Fruit juice intake was reduced (approximately 1 serving/week, P=0·029) in the first group. In all, twenty participants (71·4 %) experienced a decrease (n 15) or no change (n 5) in HbA1c (range 0–4 mmol/mol), whereas eight participants experienced an increase in HbA1c (range 0·5–2·5 mmol/mol). There was high compliance with the healthier snack intervention and a trend towards a favourable effect on glucose homoeostasis. Habitual snacking behaviour has the potential to be improved through changes in the food supply, and in the longer term may reduce the impact of poor nutrition on public health.

scholarly journals Eating Habits and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adult Population of Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3606
Author(s):  
Patricio Ramos-Padilla ◽  
Verónica Dayana Villavicencio-Barriga ◽  
Haydeé Cárdenas-Quintana ◽  
Leonardo Abril-Merizalde ◽  
Angélica Solís-Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleeping Habits

Confinement due to COVID-19 has brought important changes in people’s lives as well as in their eating and resting habits. In this study we aimed at exploring the eating habits and sleep quality of the adult population of Ecuador during the mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study, which used an online survey that included questions about eating habits and sleeping habits in adults (n = 9522) between 18–69 years old. The Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire validated for the Hispanic population was used, and questions about dietary habits. The statistical test Chi-square statistical test was used to analyze the data. The results show that sleep quality differs according to sex, being worse in women, both in all components of sleep quality and in the total score (p < 0.001). Women had greater changes in the habitual consumption of food compared to men (24.24% vs. 22.53%), and people between 18 and 40 years of age decreased their food consumption in relation to people >40 years (24.06% vs. 17.73%). Our results indicate that mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador has generated changes in the eating habits and sleep quality in the adult population sampled, and these changes are more noticeable in women and young adults. These changes offer an important alert for the health system and further, advice for the implementation of future public health policies.

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