scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES RISK FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STAFF

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. S. Kobyakova ◽  
E. S. Kulikov ◽  
I. A. Deev ◽  
A. A. Almikeeva ◽  
I. D. Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Age Range

In the review, the results provided of clinical and epidemiological trials confirming high prevalence of the risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases among medical workers, common comorbidity and hence adverse influence on the health. Analysis of literature data underscores the necessity of further long term populational studies of epidemiology, age range, relation to occupation positions, for the main risk factors. Organization of various preventive events is required, that obviously will impact not only health state and life quality, but furthermore, will increase medical care in general.

scholarly journals Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccination in goat herds with a high prevalence of tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Arrieta-Villegas ◽  
Alberto Allepuz ◽  
Miriam Grasa ◽  
Maite Martín ◽  
Zoraida Cervera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Release Assay

AbstractVaccination of goats against tuberculosis (TB) has been promoted as an ancillary tool for controlling the disease in infected livestock herds. A three-year trial to assess the efficacy of BCG vaccine was carried out in five goat herds. At the beginning of the trial (month 0), all animals were tested for TB using thee different diagnostic tests. Animals negative to all tests were vaccinated with BCG and all replacement goat kids were also systematically vaccinated throughout the trial. All animals were tested by Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) using vaccine compatible reagents at months 6, 12, 24, and 36. The risk factors for TB infection were also evaluated. At the end of the study, four out of five farms showed variable reductions of the initial prevalence (93.5%, 28.5%, 23.2%, and 14.3% respectively), and an overall incidence reduction of 50% was observed in BCG vaccinated goats, although adult vaccinated goats showed higher incidences than vaccinated goat kids. The unvaccinated positive animals remaining in herds and adult BCG vaccinated goats significantly enhanced the risk of infection in vaccinated animals. A systematic vaccination of goats with BCG, together with the removal of positive unvaccinated animals, may contribute to reducing the TB prevalence in goat herds.

Prävention des Delirs auf der Intensivstation

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (23) ◽  
pp. 1611-1618
Author(s):  
Stephan Braune ◽  
Simone Gurlit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Interprofessional Cooperation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Improve Clinical Outcome ◽  
Effective Analgesia

AbstractA delirium in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a manifestation of a severe acute dysfunction of the brain. It has a high prevalence and is associated with a relevant increase in morbidity and mortality. A cholinergic deficit and dopaminergic overactivity are considered to be a cause of delirium. Polypharmacy, which is often present before admission to the ICU, especially in the elderly, plays a key role as a trigger. The knowledge and identification of risk factors for delirium is a precondition for the early and effective prevention of delirium. The aim is the pre-operative or pre-interventional optimization of modifiable risk factors. Early and effective prevention of delirium can improve clinical outcome, reduce mortality, and positively impact long-term functional outcome. Non-pharmacological measures are always the basis for the prevention of delirium: maintenance of the day-night rhythm, sleep promotion at night and stimulation during the day, involvement of relatives, the avoidance of dehydration and malnutrition, and others more. They are pharmacologically accompanied by an effective analgesia and a target and symptom-oriented sedation with well controllable, as little as possible delirogenic substances. Interdisciplinary and interprofessional cooperation is essential so that preventive concepts significantly reduce the risk of delirium, even in high-risk patients.

Descriptive epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia in a sample of elderly patients in the geriatric unity of a general hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S177-S178
Author(s):  
A. Pater ◽  
Y. Espolio Desbaillet ◽  
D. Peris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Age Range

IntroductionStudies have demonstrated the high prevalence of depressive disorders amongst elderly people and their underestimation and mistreatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe epidemiological issues in a sample of elderly hospitalized patients, giving special attention on the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and the detection of potential risk factors.Material and methodsThe sample included 168 elderly patients referred for the geriatric unit of a general hospital. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) were used. Data were analyzed with XLSTAT program.ResultsThe 39% of the sample were men and the 61% women, with an age range between 65 and 95 years. Nine percent of patients aged 65–84 had a diagnosis of depressive or anxious-depressive disorder, compared to 13% within the age range 85–95. However, 14% of patients aged 65–85 had a GDS higher than 5 and 19% for the patients aged 85–95, which could confirm the underestimated rate of depression diagnosed in elderly patients. Item “feeling loneliness” was pointed out in 75% and item “feeling bored” in 64% of all GDS higher than 5. Prevalence of dementia was 8% in the whole sample.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of depressive and anxious disorders amongst the elderly is to be taken in account. Potential risk factors could be loneliness and lack of daily activity. The development of social primary prevention interventions in order to decrease the prevalence of these pathologies amongst elderly is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in persons with arterial hypertension exposed to occupational stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-544
Author(s):  
A. I. Telegina ◽  
R. A. Liferov ◽  
A. Ya. Fisun ◽  
R. G. Makiev ◽  
V. V. Gornov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
High Level

Based on the literature data and the results of their own research, the authors emphasize the importance of studying adverse effects of high emotional load during stress-induced hypertension and draw attention to the high prevalence of modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among servicemen exposed to occupational stress. It has been shown that lifestyle of hypertensive subjects under heavy stress is characterized by irrational changes in eating behavior, high prevalence of smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and low physical activity. The leading role of long-term emotional stress was demonstrated as an independent risk factor of hypertension in servicemen exposed to long-term occupational psycho-emotional stress. Analysis of the intima-media complex thickness in brachiocephalic arteries, depending on the level of psychosocial stress demonstrated that the group of the examined servicemen with hypertension showed changes that might be due to the development of atherosclerotic process, the response to increased flow, and arterial wall tension at a high level of stress. These changes are unidirectional regardless of the duration of hypertension history. Results of evaluation of the overall risk of developing cardiovascular complications based on the SCORE scale in the servicemen with established and newly diagnosed hypertension under heavy stress suggest its enhancement in the next 10 years which makes necessary implementation of a system of measures for preventing and correcting pathological conditions caused by stressful loads. Stratification of risk factors is essential for early diagnosis of hypertension and the choice of adequate therapy in subjects undergoing high psycho-emotional stress.

scholarly journals Simultaneity and aggregation of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among brazilian adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lucena Rocha ◽  
Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
School Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Random Aggregation ◽  
Low Consumption

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of concurrency of risk factors for Noncommunicable Diseases and non-random aggregation of these in Brazilian school adolescents. Method: Descriptive study, with data from the National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar), 2015. The prevalence of concurrent risk factors was estimated: smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Aggregation was verified when the observed-expected prevalence ratio was greater than 1. The analyses were performed in Stata 15.0 software. Results: The proportion of concurrent risk factors was higher for those who had two risk factors (56.1%; 95%CI: 55.5-56.6). The most prevalent risk factors combination was “Low consumption of fruits and vegetables + Physical inactivity” (66%; 95% CI: 65.8-66.9). There was an aggregation of risk factors, and the highest ratio between observed and expected prevalence was: “Smoking + Alcohol” (79.0%; 95%CI: 73.8-84.2). Conclusion and implications for practice: The findings show a high prevalence of concurrent risk factors, with aggregation of these in adolescents. Identifying these risk groups may favor early interventions by minimizing exposure and targeting primary prevention strategies in early exposure to risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Stunting Among Children in Some Areas in Indonesia: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Intan Gumilang Pratiwi ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Comprehensive Intervention

Stunting is a malnutrition condition that caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake. In 2010, the number of stunting in Indonesia reached 42.38%. In 2013, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia amounted to 37.2%. The highest occurrence comes from East Nusa Tenggara with more than 50% of the children are stunted. The method used in this paper is Literature Review. We use keyword Risk Factor and Stunting in online resources such as Science Direct, Proquest, PubMed, Google Scholar and another related website. Many risk factors affect stunting in Indonesia. Stunting is caused by multi-dimensional factors and not only caused by malnutrition factors experienced by pregnant women and children under five. Some of the cases described above have contributed to the high prevalence of stunting in Indonesia and therefore a comprehensive intervention plan is required to reduce stunting prevalence in Indonesia.

Prevalence of Risk Factors of Major NonCommunicable Diseases among Adolescents of Higher Secondary Schools of Kaski, District

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bhoopendra Sharma ◽  
Naveen Shrestha ◽  
Isha Karmacharya ◽  
Saroj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Background: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of major Non communicable disease risk factors among higher secondary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary students of grade 11 and 12 of Kaski district in Nepal. The study period was from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sample 640 higher secondary students were recruited through two-stage cluster sampling. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for the data collection tool along with other tools which were used such as UNICEF electronic weighing scale, stature meter and mechanical aneroid sphygmomanometer. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Pokhara University. Data were entered into EpiData software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results:  The prevalence of smoking was 6.1% which was high in male (11.9%) than female (0.6%). Alcohol consumption practice among the adolescents was 18.9%. Family history of hypertension was seen higher than family history of diabetes.The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%.High prevalence of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP was found in male than female students. Overweight was seen in 6.1% students. Prevalence of obesity was almost equal in both groups.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of smoking, alcoholism among adolescents. Hypertension was more common than diabetes among adolescents.

scholarly journals 2449. Early Detection of Candida auris is Essential to Control Spread: Four Effective Active Surveillance Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S846-S847
Author(s):  
Snigdha Vallabhaneni ◽  
Matthew Zahn ◽  
Erin Epson ◽  
Kathleen ODonnell ◽  
Sam Horwich-Scholefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Admission Screening ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background C. auris has been identified from > 1600 US patients. Risk factors include high-acuity post-acute care admissions (e.g., long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs)), hospitalization abroad, and carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) colonization. Early detection of C. auris is key to controlling spread. We describe four active surveillance strategies that led to early C. auris identification. Methods Based on known risk factors, state health departments used active C. auris surveillance strategies: (1) species identification of yeast from urine cultures from LTACHs, (2) screening patients with a CPO and hospitalization abroad, (3) LTACH C. auris point prevalence surveys (PPS), or (4) admission screening in acute and long-term care settings. Results (1)A laboratory in Southern California serving 12 LTACHs began species identification for all Candida from urine cultures, which would have otherwise been discarded because they are assumed to be not clinically significant. Within 5 months, testing of 271 Candida urine isolates identified the region’s first C. auris case, prompting contact tracing and identification of additional cases and facilities. (2) When CPOs were identified in patients with recent hospitalizations outside of the United States, the Maryland Department of Health screened patients for C.auris colonization. Of four screened, one, who received care in Kenya, was C. auris colonized. (3) The Indiana State Department of Health implemented monthly PPS at an LTACH that frequently admits patients transferred from a high prevalence area. Of 38 patients screened, two were colonized. (4) The Connecticut Department of Public Health offers C. auris admission screening for patients who received inpatient care in high prevalence areas; of 12 screened, one C. auris colonized patient was found. Infection control assessments and implementation of infection control measures followed each detection. Conclusion Early detection of C. auris is important but is impacted by infrequent yeast species identification and a reservoir of asymptomatic colonized patients. Healthcare facilities and public health jurisdictions can consider adopting one or more of these strategies based on epidemiology and resource availability. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Brief interventions for NCDs risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Breda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Brief interventions (BIs) are short, structured, nonconfrontational conversations to motivate and support individuals to consider and plan changes in unhealthy behaviours. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a huge global burden responsible for a large number of premature deaths and other economic and social challenges. The WHO “Best Buys” report highlights BIs as an effective tool to address NCD risk factors in the general population. BIs are not quick fixes, but part of a long-term behavior change strategy. An integrated BI package is needed to prevent unintended consequences, such as increased physical activity leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. BIs can be applied in a wide range of settings, including primary care in the general population, prisons and other settings for vulnerable groups. Results BI deliver immediate and long-term health, economic and social benefits. For example, BIs for smoking cessation can help individuals increase their life expectancy by up to 10 years, as well as reducing the risk of NCDs including stroke, lung cancer and CHD. Economic benefits include increased personal income and higher productivity, whilst social benefits include improved relationships and children being less likely to take up smoking. Conclusions WHO have published reports and training packages focused on the 5As and 5Rs brief interventions model in four major NCD risk factors: smoking, alcohol, unhealthy nutrition and physical inactivity. However, BI implementation remains low. To address this, WHO are currently working on a Manual for Integrated BI for NCD risk factors to support countries to implement, establish and promote BIs in their primary health care setting. It will contain information on health systems organization, intervention delivery, training and capacity building for healthcare professionals, referrals and follow-up, health literacy, and monitoring and evaluation strategies.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Bovine Tuberculosis and Fasciolosis Infections in Cattle of the Kafue Basin Ecosystem in Zambia: Implications on Abattoir Surveillance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu ◽  
Andrew Nambota ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Andrew Malata Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Simple Logistic

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and fasciolosis are important but neglected diseases that result in chronic infections in cattle. However, in Zambia, these diseases are mainly diagnosed at abattoirs during routine meat inspection. Albeit the coinfection status, these diseases have been reported as nothing more than normal separate findings without an explanatory phenomena. Forthwith, we formulated this study to assess the possible association of the two diseases in a known high prevalence area on the Kafue basin ecosystem. Of the 1,680 animals screened, 600 (35.7%; 95% CI 33.4%–38%) and 124 (7.4%; 95% CI 6.1%–8.6%) had fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions; respectively, whilst 72 had both fasciola and tuberculous lesions representing 12% (95% CI 9.4%–14.6%) and 58.1% (95% CI; 49.3%–66.7%) of the total positives for fasciola and tuberculosis, respectively. Jaundice was seen in 304 animals, 18.1% (95% CI; 16.3%–19.9%) and was significantly correlated to fasciolosis (r=0.59,P<0.0001). A significant association (χ2=76.2,df=1, andP<0.0001) was found between fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions. Simple logistic regression intimated fasciolosis as a strong predictor for tuberculous lesions with animals that had fasciola being five times more likely to have tuberculous lesions (odds ratio = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.3–7.0). This study indicates that transmission and spatial risk factors of communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as bTB and fasciolosis can be correlated in an ecosystem such as the Kafue flats.

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