scholarly journals The Nexus between Bovine Tuberculosis and Fasciolosis Infections in Cattle of the Kafue Basin Ecosystem in Zambia: Implications on Abattoir Surveillance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu ◽  
Andrew Nambota ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Andrew Malata Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Simple Logistic

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and fasciolosis are important but neglected diseases that result in chronic infections in cattle. However, in Zambia, these diseases are mainly diagnosed at abattoirs during routine meat inspection. Albeit the coinfection status, these diseases have been reported as nothing more than normal separate findings without an explanatory phenomena. Forthwith, we formulated this study to assess the possible association of the two diseases in a known high prevalence area on the Kafue basin ecosystem. Of the 1,680 animals screened, 600 (35.7%; 95% CI 33.4%–38%) and 124 (7.4%; 95% CI 6.1%–8.6%) had fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions; respectively, whilst 72 had both fasciola and tuberculous lesions representing 12% (95% CI 9.4%–14.6%) and 58.1% (95% CI; 49.3%–66.7%) of the total positives for fasciola and tuberculosis, respectively. Jaundice was seen in 304 animals, 18.1% (95% CI; 16.3%–19.9%) and was significantly correlated to fasciolosis (r=0.59,P<0.0001). A significant association (χ2=76.2,df=1, andP<0.0001) was found between fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions. Simple logistic regression intimated fasciolosis as a strong predictor for tuberculous lesions with animals that had fasciola being five times more likely to have tuberculous lesions (odds ratio = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.3–7.0). This study indicates that transmission and spatial risk factors of communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as bTB and fasciolosis can be correlated in an ecosystem such as the Kafue flats.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES RISK FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STAFF

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. S. Kobyakova ◽  
E. S. Kulikov ◽  
I. A. Deev ◽  
A. A. Almikeeva ◽  
I. D. Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Age Range

In the review, the results provided of clinical and epidemiological trials confirming high prevalence of the risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases among medical workers, common comorbidity and hence adverse influence on the health. Analysis of literature data underscores the necessity of further long term populational studies of epidemiology, age range, relation to occupation positions, for the main risk factors. Organization of various preventive events is required, that obviously will impact not only health state and life quality, but furthermore, will increase medical care in general.

scholarly journals Simultaneity and aggregation of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among brazilian adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lucena Rocha ◽  
Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
School Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Random Aggregation ◽  
Low Consumption

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of concurrency of risk factors for Noncommunicable Diseases and non-random aggregation of these in Brazilian school adolescents. Method: Descriptive study, with data from the National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar), 2015. The prevalence of concurrent risk factors was estimated: smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Aggregation was verified when the observed-expected prevalence ratio was greater than 1. The analyses were performed in Stata 15.0 software. Results: The proportion of concurrent risk factors was higher for those who had two risk factors (56.1%; 95%CI: 55.5-56.6). The most prevalent risk factors combination was “Low consumption of fruits and vegetables + Physical inactivity” (66%; 95% CI: 65.8-66.9). There was an aggregation of risk factors, and the highest ratio between observed and expected prevalence was: “Smoking + Alcohol” (79.0%; 95%CI: 73.8-84.2). Conclusion and implications for practice: The findings show a high prevalence of concurrent risk factors, with aggregation of these in adolescents. Identifying these risk groups may favor early interventions by minimizing exposure and targeting primary prevention strategies in early exposure to risk factors.

scholarly journals The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254091
Author(s):  
Gizat Almaw ◽  
Andrew J. K. Conlan ◽  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Alemseged Alemu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
High Prevalence

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7–60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3–25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8–10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.

Prevalence of Risk Factors of Major NonCommunicable Diseases among Adolescents of Higher Secondary Schools of Kaski, District

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bhoopendra Sharma ◽  
Naveen Shrestha ◽  
Isha Karmacharya ◽  
Saroj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Background: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of major Non communicable disease risk factors among higher secondary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary students of grade 11 and 12 of Kaski district in Nepal. The study period was from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sample 640 higher secondary students were recruited through two-stage cluster sampling. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for the data collection tool along with other tools which were used such as UNICEF electronic weighing scale, stature meter and mechanical aneroid sphygmomanometer. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Pokhara University. Data were entered into EpiData software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results:  The prevalence of smoking was 6.1% which was high in male (11.9%) than female (0.6%). Alcohol consumption practice among the adolescents was 18.9%. Family history of hypertension was seen higher than family history of diabetes.The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%.High prevalence of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP was found in male than female students. Overweight was seen in 6.1% students. Prevalence of obesity was almost equal in both groups.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of smoking, alcoholism among adolescents. Hypertension was more common than diabetes among adolescents.

Prevalence and risk factors of sleep apnoea in adult patients with CHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Harada ◽  
Daiji Takeuchi ◽  
Kei Inai ◽  
Tokuko Shinohara ◽  
Toshio Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Respiratory Disturbance Index ◽  
Disturbance Index ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Respiratory Disturbance

AbstractBackgroundAlthough sleep apnoea is an important disorder associated with cardiac events, data regarding its prevalence and risk factors in adult patients with CHD are limited.MethodsIn this study, patients underwent a sleep study in the hospital. Indications for admission were classified as heart failure, diagnostic catheterisation, interventional catheterisation, or arrhythmia. The prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of sleep apnoea using a type 3 portable overnight polygraph in adult patients with CHD were evaluated.ResultsThis study comprised 104 patients of median age 36 years with interquartile range of 28–48 years, admitted for heart failure 34% (n = 36), diagnostic catheterisation 26% (n = 27), interventional catheterisation 18% (n = 19), or arrhythmia 22% (n = 23). The prevalence of sleep apnoea, defined as a respiratory disturbance index ≥5, was 63% (n = 63), with a distribution of 37, 16, and 10% for mild (5≤ respiratory disturbance index <15), moderate (15⩽ respiratory disturbance index <30), and severe (respiratory disturbance index ≥30) sleep apnoea, respectively. A large majority of the sleep apnoea cases were categorised as obstructive sleep apnoea (92%, n = 58). The respiratory disturbance index ≥15 group had a significantly higher proportion of male patients and higher body mass index, noradrenaline level, and aortic blood pressure than the group without sleep apnoea (respiratory disturbance index <5). Multi-variable analysis showed that NYHA class ≥II, whose odds ratio 4.36, 95% confidence interval 1.09–20.87, and body mass index ≥25, whose odds ratio 4.29, 95% confidence interval 1.32–15.23, were independent risk factors for a respiratory disturbance index ≥15.ConclusionOur results showed a high prevalence of sleep apnoea in adult patients with CHD. Its unique haemodynamics may be associated with a high prevalence of sleep apnoea. Congestive heart failure and being overweight are important risk factors for sleep apnoea. Management of heart failure and general lifestyle improvements are important for controlling sleep apnoea symptoms in these patients.

scholarly journals Risk factors for the development of lithium-induced polyuria

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. L. Movig ◽  
R. Baumgarten ◽  
H. G. M. Leufkens ◽  
J. H. M. Van Laarhoven ◽  
A. C. G. Egberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
High Prevalence

BackgroundPolyuria is common in patients with bipolar disorder treated with lithium. However, the risk factors for polyuria in these patients have not been established.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of polyuria associated with the use of lithium and to identify additional risk factors.MethodA 4-month prospective follow-up study in an out-patient lithium clinic. The 75 participants were asked to provide 24-h urine samples; polyuria was defined as a urine volume greater than 3 litres per 24 h. Risk factors examined included demographic variables, medications and medical comorbidities.ResultsThe prevalence of polyuria among lithium users was 37%. Concomitant use of serotonergic antidepressants was strongly associated with polyuria (odds ratio 4.25, 95% CI 1.15–15.68) compared with patients not using these agents.ConclusionsOur data confirm the high prevalence of lithium-induced polyuria. Physicians should be aware that concurrent use of serotonergic antidepressants and lithium significantly enhances the risk of its occurrence. Although limited polyuria is not harmful, it may be troublesome for the patient. In many cases cessation of lithium therapy is not an option because of difficulty in controlling the manic or depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Geographic risk of general and abdominal obesity and related determinants in Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN-IV Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Maryam Yazdi ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Volker Schmid ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The North ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Iranian Children

Background: Obesity, as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases, is a common public health problem in developed and developing countries. Among Iranian children and adolescents, the prevalence of being overweight has increased by almost 50% in the past two decades. Aims: To visualize the geographic differences in general and abdominal obesity risks and related determinants among Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: Participants consisted of 14 880 students, aged 7–19 years, living in urban and rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Spatial patterns of obesity and its association with related risk factors were identified using Bayesian spatial modeling. Results: The highest spatial risks of general obesity (odds ratio 1.21–1.66 for males and 1.81–2.02 for females) and abdominal obesity (odds ratio 1.20–1.82 for males and 1.25–1.78 for females) were observed in the north, northwest and southwest of the country. Risk of obesity was significantly higher in areas with a higher rate of urban residence, active current smokers and prolonged screen time. Conclusion: Identification of high-risk regions for obesity and spatially related risk factors can be used as informative tools for decision-making and planning in health systems at national and subnational levels.

scholarly journals Association between Participation in Annual Physical Examinations and Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Adults with Disabilities: Evidence from Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3822
Author(s):  
Yugang Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Mei Sun ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Adults With Disabilities ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Physical Examinations

The relationships between regular participation in annual physical examinations and the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among adults with disabilities remains unclear. To address this gap, we used data from 130,899 individuals with disabilities in Shanghai (2014–2016) and evaluated four risk factors for NCDs: hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and being overweight. Overall, 4540 individuals participated in annual physical examinations across all three years and 11,388 missed examinations in 2015 (group without regular participation). Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression were used to assess differences in patient characteristics and explore correlations between variables. Significant differences in age (χ2 = 102.620, p < 0.01), place of residence (χ2 = 94.308, p < 0.01), educational level (χ2 = 59.884, p < 0.01), marital status (χ2 = 16.414, p < 0.01) and disability type (χ2 = 56.499, p < 0.01) and severity (χ2 = 45.464, p < 0.01) were found between those who participated in regular physical examinations and those who did not. Regular participation was associated with reduced incidences of hypertension (odds ratio 0.799, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.733–0.871) and hyperlipidemia (0.347, 95% CI: 0.307–0.392), but not with the incidence of diabetes (1.049, 95% CI: 0.944–1.166) or being overweight (0.907, 95% CI: 0.812–1.014). Hence, regular participation in annual physical examinations had different associations with risk factors for NCDs.

The Prevalence and Social Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Associations With Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors Among Adults in Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Manithong Vonglokham ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong ◽  
Vanphanom Sychareun ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption and its associations with noncommunicable diseases risk factors among adults in Laos. In a national cross-sectional survey in 2013, 2527 individuals (18-64 years old) responded to a questionnaire, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and biochemistry tests were conducted. On average, participants had 0.99 servings of fruits a day and 1.33 servings of vegetables a day, a combined total of 2.32 servings of FAVs per day. Almost 1 in 5 respondents (18.9%) had 2 or more servings of fruit a day, 8.7% had 3 or more servings of vegetables a day, and 94.7% had less than 5 servings of FAV a day. In adjusted logistic analysis, being a Lao-Tai increased the odds of consuming 2 or more servings of fruits daily. Past month binge drinking decreased the odds of having 3 or more servings of vegetables daily. Higher education and urban residence decreased the odds of inadequate (<5 servings) FAV consumption. In adjusted linear regression analysis, increased FAV consumption was associated with higher body mass index scores. A high prevalence of inadequate FAV consumption was found. Interventions targeting identified modifiable risk factors, including lower education, general obesity, and binge drinking, may potentially increase FAV consumption in Laos.

scholarly journals Risk factors for urethral gonorrhoea infection among heterosexual males in Melbourne, Australia: 2007–17

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Phillips ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Catriona S. Bradshaw ◽  
Eric P. F. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

Background Since 2014 there has been an increase in gonorrhoea among heterosexuals in Australia. Sex with a partner from a country with high gonorrhoea prevalence has been identified as a risk factor for gonorrhoea in heterosexual females, but risk factors for heterosexual males remain unclear. This study determined risk factors for gonorrhoea among heterosexual males. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed among heterosexual males attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. Countries for overseas sexual partners were stratified as high-prevalence countries (HPC) or low-prevalence countries (LPC) based on the incidence of gonorrhoea. Results: The annual gonorrhoea positivity increased from 0.72% in 2007 to 1.33% in 2017 (Ptrend &lt;0.001). Males attending MSHC as a contact of gonorrhoea had the highest odds of testing positive (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.46–12.49), followed by males identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (aOR 2.57; 95% CI 1.30–5.09), males who had injected drugs in the past 12 months (aOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.39–4.30) and males who had sex with a female from an HPC (aOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.77–2.68). Males aged ≥35 were at higher risk than those aged ≤24 years (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.14–1.82). Gonorrhoea positivity increased among males who had sex with females from an LPC (from 0.60% to 1.33%; Ptrend = 0.004) but remained the same over time among males who had sex with females from an HPC (2.14%; Ptrend = 0.143). Conclusions: There was an 80% increase in urethral gonorrhoea among heterosexual males between 2007 and 2017. Having sex with a female from an HPC is a significant risk factor for gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea positivity among men having sex with a female from an HPC did not change over time, suggesting this risk factor has become less important.

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