The effect of planting density on ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach trained as a “Y-shaped” system

Abstract The densification of orchards has become a viable alternative for producers seeking a greater use of current area, as well as greater profitability. In this sense, the spacing and training system to be used in the peach tree planting are extremely important to facilitate orchard management and, above all, to maximize tree yield. Based on this, the present research aimed to evaluate the possibility of orchard densification and the use of different numbers of main scaffolds to recommend the best way of training and spacing the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach cultivar. The planting was carried out in 2010, in the city of Fraiburgo - SC, and eight treatments with different spacings between the plants in the rows and number of scaffolds were evaluated during four harvests (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016): T1- 2 scaffolds and 0.75 m; T2- 2 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T3- 2 scaffolds and 1.25 m; T4- 2 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T5- 4 scaffolds and 1.00 m; T6- 4 scaffolds and 1.50 m; T7- 4 scaffolds and 1.75 m; T8- 4 scaffolds and 2.00 m, totaling a plant density of 2667, 2000, 1600, 1333, 2000, 1333, 1143 and 1000 per hectare, respectively. The analyzed variables were the number of fruits per plant, production per plant (kg); productivity (t ha-1); fresh fruit mass (g), total soluble solids content (ºBrix), total acidity (meq L-1), epidermal coloring and pulp firmness (pounds). The highest yields were found in the treatment with two scaffolds and 0.75m between plants, as well as that with 4 scaffolds in 1.0 m spacing in the 2014 and 2015 crops and two scaffolds in 1.0m in the 2015 harvest. The fresh mass, soluble solids, total acidity and fruit firmness were not influenced by the different treatments. It was concluded that the densification of orchards is feasible for peach trees of the ‘BRS Rubimel’ cultivar due to the increase in productivity, without decreasing the quality of the fruits, indicating a spacing of 0.75 cm between plants and two scaffolds in the “Y-shape” as ideal. Another option with good results is the use of the four-scaffold “Y-shaped” training system, indicated for the ‘BRS Rubimel’ peach trees, due to the maintenance of high yields and reduction in the number of plants per hectare when compared to treatments with two scaffolds.

Download Full-text

Response of biomass, grain production, and sugar content of four sorghum plant varieties (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to different plant densities

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2021-0055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 761-770

Author(s):

Reni Lestari ◽

Kartika Ning Tyas ◽

Arief N. Rachmadiyanto ◽

Mahat Magandhi ◽

Enggal Primananda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Plant Density ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Plant Production ◽

Planting Density ◽

Grain Production ◽

Marginal Areas ◽

Sorghum Plant ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Biomass Plant

Abstract Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a potential plant for food, livestock feed, biofuel, sugar, alcohol, and other bioindustry products. Sorghum could be adaptable to grow and expand in marginal areas of the world. Varieties of sorghum have their specific morpho-agronomic characters. It would be significant to compare the performance of multiple sorghum varieties to identify a suitable one for the intended use. The increase in biomass plant production could be caused by cultivation factors, such as an increased planting density. This study aims to determine the response of four different sorghum varieties to the treatment of the plant density on the biomass, grain production, and sugar content of stem juice. This research was conducted using two factors: sorghum variety (“Super 1,” “Keler,” “Lepeng,” and “Rio”) and the plant density (two, four, and six plants per hole or 106,667; 213,333; and 320,000 plants ha−1, respectively). The results of the study showed that all four sorghum varieties tested could be used as biomass resources. The highest plant dry biomass was gained from six plants per hole with 44.0 t ha–1, whereas the lowest one was two plants per hole with 30.4 t ha–1. “Super 1” was a superior variety due to the significant highest sugar content of the stem juice (13.9°Brix) and grain production. “Lepeng” variety was the lowest in both sugar content (8°Brix) and grain production, whereas “Keler” and “Rio” varieties contained sugar in between 8.5 and 10.8°Brix of the stem juice.

Download Full-text

Effects of planting density on yield and quality characteristics of hazelnut (cv. Palaz) in a hedgerow training system

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-064 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 595-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Neriman Beyhan

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Black Sea ◽

Plant Density ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Training System ◽

Planting Density ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Yield And Quality

Effects of plant density on yield and nut characteristics of Palaz hazelnut (Corylus maxima Mill.) grown in a hedgerow training system in the Black Sea region of Turkey were investigated between 1998 an d 2001. Five planting densities, from 2000 to 6000 plants ha-1, were evaluated. Yield per hectare varied among years, but increased logarithmically with planting density each year. Nut and kernel characteristics varied among years by were not affected by planting density. Key words: Hazelnut, planting density, hedgerow, ocak, training system

Download Full-text

Influence of Grafted Watermelon Plant Density on Yield and Quality in Soil Infested with Melon Necrotic Spot Virus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1838 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 1838-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

María Victoria Huitrón-Ramírez ◽

Marcia Ricárdez-Salinas ◽

Francisco Camacho-Ferre

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Density ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Planting Density ◽

Necrotic Spot ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Melon Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Yield And Quality

One of the major problems of watermelon production is the decrease of fruit yield and quality caused by soil diseases. Soil disinfection with methyl bromide (MB) has been used to prevent fungus attacks; however, its use is being restricted because this substance damages the ozone layer. Searching for new MB alternatives, field experiments were carried out in open field in soils infested with Olpidium bornovanus and melon necrotic spot virus in Colima, Mexico, where watermelons had only been grown previously using soil fumigation with MB. Yield and quality of watermelon cultivar triploid Tri-X 313 grafted on two rootstocks of Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata (‘RS841’ and ‘Shintosa Camelforce’) were evaluated during 2 consecutive years. Each experiment had five treatments, two of them with nongrafted plants at a density of 3472 plants/ha with and without MB fumigation. The remaining three treatments had grafted plants in nonfumigated soil with plant densities of 2778, 2083, and 1740 plants/ha. The use of watermelon grafted on ‘RS841’ and ‘Shintosa Camelforce’ rootstocks significantly increased the average fruit weight and the total yield of watermelon in soil without the need for MB. Grafting may be considered as an alternative MB fumigation. With the use of grafted watermelon plants, planting density may be reduced by 50%, obtaining higher yields than those obtained from nongrafted plants grown on fumigated soil except for ‘Tri-X 313’ grafted on ‘Shintosa Camelforce’ in 2006–2007. Fruits harvested from grafted plants had higher firmness than those harvested from nongrafted plants without affecting the content of soluble solids.

Download Full-text

LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4995

Author(s):

Marco Custódio ◽

Paulo Cartaxana ◽

Sebastián Villasante ◽

Ricardo Calado ◽

Ana Isabel Lillebø

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

High Density ◽

Planting Density ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Integrated Aquaculture ◽

Halimione Portulacoides ◽

White Leds ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

Download Full-text

Optimizing Planting Density and Impact of Panicle Types on Grain Yield and Microclimatic Response Index of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.1007/s42106-021-00150-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guotao Yang ◽

Xuechun Wang ◽

Farhan Nabi ◽

Hongni Wang ◽

Changkun Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Plant Density ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Planting Density ◽

Response Index ◽

Lower Position ◽

High Plant Density

AbstractThe architecture of rice plant represents important and complex agronomic traits, such as panicles morphology, which directly influence the microclimate of rice population and consequently grain yield. To enhance yield, modification of plant architecture to create new hybrid cultivars is considered a sustainable approach. The current study includes an investigation of yield and microclimate response index under low to high plant density of two indica hybrid rice R498 (curved panicles) and R499 (erect panicles), from 2017 to 2018. The split-plot design included planting densities of 11.9–36.2 plant/m2. The results showed that compared with R498, R499 produced a higher grain yield of 8.02–8.83 t/ha at a higher planting density of 26.5–36.2 plant/m2. The response index of light intensity and relative humidity to the planting density of R499 was higher than that of R498 at the lower position of the rice population. However, the response index of temperature to the planting density of R499 was higher at the upper position (0.2–1.4%) than at the lower position. Compared with R498, R499 at a high planting density developed lower relative humidity (78–88%) and higher light intensity (9900–15,916 lx) at the lower position of the rice population. Our finding suggests that erect panicles are highly related to grain yield microclimatic contributors under a highly dense rice population, such as light intensity utilization, humidity, and temperature. The application of erect panicle rice type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing microclimatic conditions in rice.

Download Full-text

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthesis in Maize Determined via Prompt Fluorescence, Delayed Fluorescence and P700 Signals

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Wanying Chen ◽

Bo Jia ◽

Junyu Chen ◽

Yujiao Feng ◽

Yue Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽

Electron Transport Chain ◽

Plant Density ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Planting Density ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain ◽

Transport Chain

The mutual shading among individual field-grown maize plants resulting from high planting density inevitably reduces leaf photosynthesis, while regulating the photosynthetic transport chain has a strong impact on photosynthesis. However, the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in maize currently remains unclear. In this study, we simultaneously measured prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF), modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) and delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF) in order to investigate the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in two maize hybrids widely grown in China. PF transients demonstrated a gradual reduction in their signal amplitude with increasing planting density. In addition, high planting density induced positive J-step and G-bands of the PF transients, reduced the values of PF parameters PIABS, RC/CSO, TRO/ABS, ETO/TRO and REO/ETO, and enhanced ABS/RC and N. MR kinetics showed an increase of their lowest point with increasing high planting density, and thus the values of MR parameters VPSI and VPSII-PSI were reduced. The shapes of DF induction and decay curves were changed by high planting density. In addition, high planting density reduced the values of DF parameters I1, I2, L1 and L2, and enhanced I2/I1. These results suggested that high planting density caused harm on multiple components of maize photosynthetic electron transport chain, including an inactivation of PSII RCs, a blocked electron transfer between QA and QB, a reduction in PSI oxidation and re-reduction activities, and an impaired PSI acceptor side. Moreover, a comparison between PSII and PSI activities demonstrated the greater effect of plant density on the former.

Download Full-text

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-111 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 847-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. A. Quamme ◽

R. T. Brownlee

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Early Performance ◽

Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

Download Full-text

Influence of chitosan coatings with citric essential oil on the shelf-life of minimally processed mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50983 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 7679-7688

Author(s):

Fabián Rico Rodríguez ◽

Carolina Gutiérrez Cortés ◽

Consuelo Díaz Moreno

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Acidity ◽

Minimally Processed ◽

Color Changes ◽

Sensory Acceptance

Demand for minimally processed fruits have increased due to their nutritional value and an increasing change in consumption habits. Physicochemical, microbiological, structural and sensory changes were determined in minimally processed mangoes (MPM) with chitosan (CH) edible coatings and lemon and orange essential oils (EOL). The MPM was first dipped in citric acid and a texturizing solution and then dipped in CH and lemon or orange EOL coatings. Weight loss, sensory acceptance, total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, color changes, firmness and elasticity, and microbiological changes were quantified for 11 days of refrigerated storage. The CH and lemon EOL coating had more acceptance than the other treatments. No differences were found (p>0.05) for weight loss, total acidity, ascorbic acid, firmness or elasticity. There was a high amount of total phenols due to the EOL composition, as well as a high antioxidant capacity in the early days of storage. This characteristic decreased in the final days of the study. There was a decrease in the microbial charge for the lemon EOL treatment, as compared to the other samples. The CH and lemon EOL coating helped to maintain the shelf-life of the MPM for 11 days of storage without affecting the sensory acceptance. The CH and Orange EOL coating did not have an effect on the MPM physicochemical attributes; however, the sensory acceptance was negatively affected with off-flavors conferred to the MPM.

Download Full-text

Canonical interrelationships in morphological characters, yield and nutritional components of corn

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.r143.v8.2022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ivan Carvalho ◽

José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽

Murilo Vieira Loro ◽

Marlon Vinícius Rosa Sarturi ◽

Danieli Jacoboski Hutra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Yield Components ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

World Population ◽

Canonical Correlations ◽

High Yields

The increase in the world population, the need to increase food production, both in quantity and quality, becomes increasingly prominent. The objective of this work was to identify the canonical correlations between yield components, morphological characters, micronutrients, bioactive compounds and amino acids in corn. The experimental design used was a randomized block containing 11 treatments arranged in three replications. The treatments consisted of 11 Top Crosses hybrid genotypes, these being made through crosses directed between a narrow genetic base tester hybrid for specific combining ability with 11 S5 inbred lines. It is inferred that groups considered yield components, secondary traits, bioactive compounds, micronutrients and amino acids are dependent. Promising characters are identified for the corn breeding for high yields, nutritional and energetic quality of corn grains. The indirect selection of grains with additions in essential amino acids can be directed to plants with superiority in height, mass and width of grains, phenols, flavonoids, soluble solids and zinc content.

Download Full-text

Response of two sunflower hybrids to planting dates and densities

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.51.2003.1.4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Y. Allam ◽

G. R. El-Nagar ◽

A. H. Galal

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Planting Date ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Head Diameter

This investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University during the summers of 2000 and 2001 to study the responses of two sunflower hybrids (Vidoc and Euroflora) to planting dates (May 1st, June 1st and July 1st) and planting densities (55,533, 83,300 and 166,600 plants/ha). The results indicated that the two varieties differed highly significantly in all studied traits except oil yield/ha. The highest seed yield (3.64 t/ha) was obtained with the variety Vidoc. In addition, the results revealed that the planting date exerted a highly significant influence on all vegetative growth traits along with yield and its components. Increasing plant density increased the seed and oil yield/ha. By contrast, the stem diameter, head diameter, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant decreased with increasing plant density. The interaction between varieties and plant density had a highly significant effect on head diameter. The greatest head diameter (20.06 cm) was recorded for the variety Vidoc planted at lower density. Concerning the interaction between planting density and planting date, the highest seed yield (4.47 t/ha) was obtained from dense plants at the early sowing date, and the highest oil % (45.32) at the late planting date and the lowest plant density. The second order interaction exerted a highly significant influence on stem and head diameter in addition to seed yield/plant, where the highest value (78.13 g/plant) was obtained with the variety Vidoc planted on May 1st at the lowest plant density.

Download Full-text