Wastewater use in agriculture and potential effects on meso and macrofauna soil

ABSTRACT: The use of wastewater in agriculture has been practiced on an increasing scale over the past decades because of its fertilizing potential and the reduction in demand for surface water and groundwater. However, this practice may bring harm when performed without planning, not respecting the capacity of the soil to recycle organic waste. The most common problems are contamination of surface and groundwater via leaching and runoff, as well as accumulation of nutrients and potentially polluting elements that compromise chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil. The biological compartment, represented by the micro, meso and macrofauna, plays an important role in nutrient cycling, decomposition of organic matter, particle movement and transport of materials at different depths, helping to maintain soil physical and chemical characteristics. In this sense, this paper aims to discuss the effect of using different kinds of wastewater in agriculture on soil biology, highlighting strengths and weaknesses, as well as emphasizing the need to conduct investigations that enhance the positive aspects of wastewater use associated with edaphic processes.

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Seasonal evolution of aerosol stratigraphy in Ürümqi glacier No. 1 percolation zone, eastern Tien Shan, China

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756406781812041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Feiteng Wang ◽

Zhongqin Li ◽

Xiaoni You ◽

Chuanjin Li ◽

Huilin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Erosion ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Early Summer ◽

Tien Shan ◽

Wet Season ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Different Depths ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Percolation Zone

AbstractThe processes involved in the evolution of vertical profiles of Mg2+, Ca2+ and microparticle concentrations, as well as their seasonal variation in surface snow, were studied by weekly sampling from September 2003 to September 2004 of a snow pit on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan, China. The development of the microparticle and Mg2+ and Ca2+ stratigraphy in the snow pit is closely related to the physical development of the snow–firn pack. The sampling site is located at 4130 ma.s.l. in the percolation zone of the glacier, and in addition to the effects of sublimation and wind erosion, melting plays a crucial role in both the physical and chemical evolution processes. During the winter, soluble aerosol concentrations in the surface layers are altered slightly by sublimation and wind erosion, and the concentrations are further modified as the wet season begins in late April. In contrast, soluble aerosol stratigraphy in the deeper layers remains relatively unchanged through the winter. In early summer, as melting occurs in the upper part of the snow–firn pack, meltwater carries chemical species to different depths in the underlying snow–firn layers, such that at the end of the ablation season, all of the surface cations might be leached out from the upper layers. In addition, the possible source of calcium and magnesium is discussed in this paper.

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Biofilm Forming Bacteria during Thermal Water Reinjection

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2017/9231056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Máté Osvald ◽

Gergely Maróti ◽

Bernadett Pap ◽

János Szanyi

Keyword(s):

Thermal Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Geothermal System ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Geothermal Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Surface System ◽

Buffer Tank ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Phenol Index

Reinjection of heat-depleted thermal water has long been in the center of scientific interest in Hungary regarding around 1000 operating thermal wells. While the physical and chemical aspects of reinjection have partly been answered in the past years, the effects of biological processes are still less known. We carried out our investigations in the surface elements of the Hódmezővásárhely geothermal system which is one of the oldest operating geothermal systems in Hungary. About one-third of the used geothermal water has been reinjected since 1998 by two reinjection wells at the end of the thermal loops. During the operation, plugging of the surface system was experienced within a few-day-long period, due to biological processes. The goal of our research was to find the dominant species of the microbial flora and to make a proposal to avoid further bacterial problems. We found that the reinjected, therefore the produced, water’s chemical oxygen demand, phenol index, and BTEX composition basically determine the appearing flora on the surface. When the concentration of these compounds in the thermal water is significant and residence time is long enough in the buffer tank, certain bacteria can be much more dominant than others, thus able to form a biofilm which plugs the surface equipment much more than it is expected.

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On numerical solver selection and related uncertainty terminology

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2009.072 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 241-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Petra Claeys ◽

Ann van Griensven ◽

Lorenzo Benedetti ◽

Bernard De Baets ◽

Peter A. Vanrolleghem

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Process Design ◽

Uncertainty Assessment ◽

Environmental Modelling ◽

Chemical Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Numerical Solver ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Insight Into

Mathematical models provide insight into numerous biological, physical and chemical systems. They can be used in process design, optimisation, control and decision support, as acknowledged in many different fields of scientific research. Mathematical models do not always yield reliable results and uncertainty should be taken into account. At present, it is possible to identify some factors contributing to uncertainty, and the awareness of the necessity of uncertainty assessment is rising. In the fields of Environmental Modelling and Computational Fluid Dynamics, for instance, terminology related to uncertainty exists and is generally accepted. However, the uncertainty due to the choice of the numerical solver and its settings used to compute the solution of the models did not receive much attention in the past. A motivating example on the existence and effect of numerical uncertainty is provided and clearly shows that we can no longer ignore it. This paper introduces a new terminology to support communication about uncertainty caused by numerical solvers, so that scientists become perceptive to it.

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Phytoplankton abundance, dominance and coexistence in an eutrophic reservoir in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011000400018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 1313-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giulliari A. S. T. Lira ◽

Elcida L. Araújo ◽

Maria Do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽

Ariadne N. Moura

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Dry Season ◽

Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽

Phytoplankton Abundance ◽

Vertical Variation ◽

Total Phytoplankton ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Different Depths ◽

Physical And Chemical

The present study reports the phytoplankton abundance, dominance and co-existence relationships in the eutrophic Carpina reservoir, Pernambuco, Brazil. Sampling was carried out at six different depths bimonthly at a single reservoir spanning two climatic periods: dry season (January, September, and November 2006) and rainy season (March, May, and July 2006). Density, abundance, dominance, specific diversity and equitability of the community were determined, along with chlorophyll a, and physical and chemical variables of the environment. Eight species were considered abundant, and their densities corresponded to more than 90% of the total phytoplankton community quantified. Cyanobacteria represented more than 80% of this density. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was the only dominant taxon in the dry season, and was co-dominant in the rainy season. C. raciborskii, Planktothrix agardhii and Geitlerinema amphibium had the greatest densities and lowest vertical variation coefficients. The statistical analysis indicated relationships with vertical and seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the following variables: total dissolved solids, water temperature, electrical conductivity and pH. The changes in the environmental variables were discrete and regulated by the establishment of precipitation however, they were able to promote vertical and seasonal instability in the structure of the phytoplankton community.

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Prospective of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Temida ◽

10.2298/tem0404007m ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Alma Masic

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Open Space ◽

Place And Space ◽

Civic Society ◽

Truth And Reconciliation ◽

The Past ◽

Missing Persons ◽

Building Trust ◽

Common Problems ◽

War Victims

In this paper current truth and reconciliation initiatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina are reviewed, with special emphasis on the activities of ICMP. Within the scope of its activities, ICMP has launched the implementation of the project "Paths to reconciliation", which is intended for the associations of the families of missing persons in the area of the former Yugoslavia. This project enables the missing families? associations to confront themselves within their national environments through a series of workshops, before tackling the difficult and painful issues that burden every ethnic community. This project also opens the possibility to explore various options that will ensure the implementation of justice and open space for a dialog between victim groups on the regional and international level and to encourage the exchange of experiences in searching for the truth and building trust. In the future, better coordination of all activities and initiatives concerning the confrontation with the past ought to be established. Such initiatives should provide a place and space for war victims groups, other NGO-s and other segments of the civic society to give their recommendations for the resolution of their common problems and for further activities in this process.

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RECENT ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL POLLUTED SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT

The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences ◽

10.18540/jcecvl6iss3pp0416-0420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 0416-0420 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joshua Ighalo ◽

Adewale George Adeniyi ◽

Kevin Shegun Otoikhian

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

Research Area ◽

Research Trend ◽

Policy Enforcement ◽

Alternative Technologies ◽

The Past ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Proper Perspective ◽

Surface And Groundwater

Over the years, Nigerian researchers in environmental engineering and chemistry have been evaluating a variety of technologies for the remediation of petroleum industry polluted surface and groundwater. In this mini-review, the recent advances in this regard over the past two years were evaluated. This was done as an appraisal of research efforts to understand the current research trend and gain a proper perspective of the required/needed future approach in the research area. It was observed that most studies are still focusing on evaluating the problems instead of finding actual solutions. Development of workable and novel solutions are urgently needed. It can be in the form of better remediation techniques or via the development of alternative technologies for utilizing the waste/pollutant materials. The paper has given a clear opinion on the progress of environmental protection and sustainability in the Nigerian context. The environmental regulations scenario in the country is marred by malpractices and corruption more stringent policy enforcement will help in the achievement of environmental protection.

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The Effect of Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Status in the Calcareous Soil

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.1.107-116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Extractable P ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Depths ◽

Phosphorus Status ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Soil Constituents

A field experiment is conducted to study the effect of different levels of peat (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Mg ha-1 to uncropped and cropped soil to wheat. Soil samples are taken in different period of time (0, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation to determine (NaHCO3-Exteractable P at 3 different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Field Experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety, is cultivated as a testing crop. The entire field is equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions is cultivated to wheat and the second is left uncropped. The effect of five levels of peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1 is investigated. Soils are fully analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples are collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of peat applications. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P in uncropped and cropped soils at all depths, markedly decreases with time after peat application which has been attributed to plant uptake and rapid reaction of P with soil constituents. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P with time in soil receiving 50 Mg ha-1 in both uncropped and cropped soil linearly decreases with the time of cultivation

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Dysphagia and Oral Feeding Problems in the Premature Infant

Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1891/0730-0832.21.2.51 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Martha Wilson Jones ◽

Elaine Morgan ◽

Jean Shelton

Keyword(s):

Premature Infant ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Term Infant ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Feeding Disorders ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

The Past ◽

Common Problems

FEEDING DISORDERS AND dysphagia are common problems seen in premature infants following their discharge from the NICU. A major factor in the growing incidence of these problems is the number of infants born and surviving between 23 and 25 weeks gestational age, which has increased dramatically over the past decade. These infants experience both a lengthier exposure to noxious oral stimuli and a longer time until they develop the suck/swallow coordination that makes oral feeding safe.1 Oral feeding is generally not offered before 32–34 weeks gestational age, when the preterm infant’s sucking pattern begins to resemble that of a term infant.2,3 Therefore, there may be an 8- to 9-week lag between birth and oral feedings in a 23- or 24-week gestational age infant.

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Digital Prepress

Computer Graphics and Multimedia ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-196-4.ch002 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 24-39

Author(s):

Mark Snyder

Keyword(s):

Historical Perspective ◽

Print Media ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Printing Industry ◽

New Techniques ◽

Digital Revolution ◽

The Past ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

Common Problems ◽

Work Done

This chapter identifies changes that the printing industry has undergone during the past 25 years as a result of the digital revolution. It also provides a brief historical perspective of the printing industry and how it has evolved. It is undeniable that the computer has had an impact on the development of print media and today it is rare to find any prepress work done without the use of some digital technology. The workflow of a traditional printed piece is described from start to finish and is compared to a more modern digital workflow to familiarize readers with the processes and contrast the old with the new techniques. This chapter will identify common problems that occur in the preparation of print media using digital technologies. In particular, it will explore a variety of problems and solutions related to the use of digital prepress as well as identifying new innovations intended to improve prepress operations in the future.

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Topochemical synthesis of low-dimensional nanomaterials

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr04763e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (43) ◽

pp. 21971-21987

Author(s):

Qicheng Zhang ◽

Wenchao Peng ◽

Yang Li ◽

Fengbao Zhang ◽

Xiaobin Fan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Bulk Materials ◽

The Past ◽

Low Dimensional ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Over the past several decades, nanomaterials have been extensively studied owing to having a series of unique physical and chemical properties that exceed those of conventional bulk materials.

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