scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in retail market spices

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena da Cruz Costa ◽  
Alexsandra Iarlen Cabral Cruz ◽  
Aline Simões da Rocha Bispo ◽  
Mariza Alves Ferreira ◽  
João Albany Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Mar Index

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality and the transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria in different spices sold in town fairs (local food markets) in the municipalities of Recôncavo Baiano. Samples of black pepper, oregano, and cinnamon were collected over a period of six months and investigated for coliforms at 45 °C, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The contamination in the black pepper samples (log 4.66 CFU g-1) was higher (P>0.05), than those of cinnamon (log 2.55 CFU g-1) and oregano (log 2.49 CFU g-1), particularly for B. cereus. E. coli (89%) and Salmonella spp. (67%) were isolated only from black pepper. B. cereus and S. aureus showed greater resistance to β-lactams (penicillin, oxacillin, and cefepime), with approximately 40% of the strains with a multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index of 0.33 (i.e., resistant to three antimicrobials). E. coli was more resistant to ampicillin and Salmonella spp. to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone. Salmonella spp. had a MAR index ranging from 0.16 to 0.91 (i.e, resistant to up to 11 antimicrobials), and E. coli to up to 0.58 (i.e., resistant to 7 antimicrobials). In conclusion, the spices sold in the town fairs of Recôncavo Baiano are of low microbiological quality, with the presence of pathogens, of which some display high resistance to antimicrobials that are commonly used for treating foodborne illnesses.

scholarly journals Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial- Resistant Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Omer Eltai ◽  
Hadi M. Yassine ◽  
Sara H. Al-Hadidi ◽  
Tahra ElObied ◽  
Asmaa A. Al Thani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Esbl Producers

The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria has been associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in both humans and animals and with the consumption of food contaminated with resistant bacteria. In particular, the use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promotion purposes in food-producing animals has rendered many of the antibiotics ineffective. The increased global prevalence of AMR poses a significant threat to the safety of the world’s food supply. Objectives: This study aims at determining the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from local and imported retail chicken meat in Qatar. Methodology: A total of 270 whole chicken carcasses were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 E. coli were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 relevant antibiotics using disc diffusion and micro- dilution methods. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via a double-disc synergetic test. Isolates harboring colistin resistance were confirmed using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotics. In general, isolates showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, and colistin (31.9%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates was significantly higher among local isolates compared to imported chicken samples. Conclusion: We reported a remarkably high percentage of the antibiotic-resistant E. coli in chicken meat sold at retail in Qatar. The high percentage of MDR and colistin isolates is troublesome to the food safety of raw chicken meat and the potential of antibiotic resistance spread to public health. Our findings support the need for the implementation of one health approach to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance and the need for a collaborative solution.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Tertiary Care Hospitals of Ahmedabad: A Comparison Study Between Previous to COVID-19 and Current Scenario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag D. Zaveri ◽  
Dilip N. Zaveri ◽  
Lakshmi Bhaskaran
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are a significant concern for healthcare setups, as it increases the overall cost of treatment, patients stay in hospitals, making them susceptible to secondary and tertiary infections and, sometimes, mortality1. To prevent or control HAIs, evaluating the organisms isolated from the critically maintained areas is considered of epitome importance and everlasting practice in the healthcare industry. Identifying such organisms and screening them for antibiotic resistance is mandatory, but it also helps professionals understand colonization trends. Sensitive areas of healthcare setups were screened monthly from years 2017 to 2020. A total of 4400 samples of hospital hygiene, e.g., intravenous drip stands, ventilator surface, anesthetist’s trolley, patient’s bed, instrument trolley, etcetera, were collected. Isolated organisms were cultured and screened using the CLSI technique. E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp. were found in both previous to COVID current samples. Multidrug-resistant organisms were subjected to molecular characterization to detect the presence of carbapenem genes. Evaluation data of both pre-and during Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19 were compared. The prevalence of pathogenic (Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp.) and non-pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp.) strains in healthcare setups decreased drastically (Klebsiella spp. from 80% to 20%, E.coli from 90% to 10% and Pseudomonas spp. from 80% to 20%). It is possible only because of the awareness in non-specialists and healthcare workers due to the unforeseen critical situation proving to be a blessing for the future generation.

Microbiological Quality and Safety of Ready-to-Eat Street-Vended Foods in Johannesburg, South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1278-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCINA M. MOSUPYE ◽  
ALEXANDER von HOLY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Fifty-one ready-to-eat street foods, 18 dishwater, and 18 surface swab samples were collected from six vendors in Johannesburg, South Africa. Food temperatures were recorded at the time of sampling. Standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts (APCs), spore counts (SCs), and Enterobacteriaceae counts (ECs) for food samples as well as coliform counts (CCs) for water and swab samples. In addition, Petrifilm Escherichia coli count (PC) plates were used for the enumeration of coliforms in food, water, and swab samples. The presence of selected foodborne pathogens in the food samples as well as the presence of nonpathogenic E. coli 1 (in food and water samples) was also tested for. Predominant colonies isolated from APC plates were characterized to the genus level. Holding temperatures for cooked meats and gravies ranged from 42.0 to 94.0°C, and those for uncooked salads ranged from 29.0 to 39.0°C. Mean APC values of 3.4 (±0.4) log CFU/g, 4.0 (±1.2) log CFU/ml, and 2.1 (±0.4) log CFU/25 cm2 were obtained for food, water, and swab samples, respectively. Mean SC values of 1.6 (±0.2) log CFU/g and 1.5 (±0.3) log CFU/25 cm2 were obtained for food and swab samples, respectively. A mean EC value of 2.0 (±0.4) log CFU/g for food samples and mean CC values of 2.5 (±0.3) log CFU/ml and 1.3 (±0.3) log CFU/25 cm2 for water and swab samples, respectively, were determined. Mean PC values of 1.6 (±0.1) log CFU/g, 1.9 (±0.6) log CFU/ml, and 1.4 (±0.4) log CFU/25 cm2 were determined for food, water, and swab samples, respectively. Bacillus cereus was detected in 22%, Clostridium perfringens in 16%, Salmonella spp. in 2%, and E. coli (non-O157:H+) in 2% of the 51 food samples. E. coli was found in 14 water samples (78%) and in 3 food samples (6%). Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia enterocolitica were also tested for in the food samples, but they were not detected. The 340 isolates obtained from APC plates for food, water, and swab samples were predominantly Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. for all three sample types. It was concluded that the foods analyzed in this study were of acceptable quality and safety.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infection in Orthopedics from 2012 to 2017: A 6-Year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Yang ◽  
Runsheng Guo ◽  
Banglin Xie ◽  
Qi Lai ◽  
Jiaxiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are an emerging global problem that increases in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. We performed a 6-year retrospective study to provide valuable insight into appropriate antibiotic use in HAI cases. We also aimed to understand how hospitals could reduce pathogen drug resistance in a population that overuses antibiotics.Methods: All data (2012–2017) were obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.Results: We isolated 1392 pathogen strains from patients admitted to the orthopedics department during 2012–2017. Escherichia coli (14.7%, 204/1392), Enterobacter cloacae (13.9%, 193/1392), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%, 157/1392) were the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The dominant Gram-negative bacterium was E. coli, with high resistance to ampicillin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, in that order. E. coli was least resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam. The most dominant Gram-positive bacterium was S. aureus, highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, but not resistant to fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole. Analysis of risk factors related to multidrug-resistant bacteria showed that patients with open fractures were significantly more susceptible to methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (p < 0.05). Additionally, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli infections occurred significantly more often in patients with degenerative diseases (p < 0.05). Elderly patients tended to be more susceptible to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but this outcome was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in orthopedics. To effectively control antimicrobial resistance among pathogens, we advocate extensive and dynamic monitoring of MDR bacteria, coupled with careful use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of antimicrobial resistance dissemination dynamics during multidrug resistant bacteria invasion events using a continuous culture device

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyun Li ◽  
Lulu Shi ◽  
Bianfang Wang ◽  
Xin Wei ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Vertical Gene Transfer

Antimicrobial resistant pathogens display significant public health threats by causing difficulties in clinical treatment of bacterial infection. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is transmissible between bacteria, significantly increasing the appearance of antimicrobial resistant pathogens, aggravating the AMR problem. In this work, the dissemination dynamics of AMR from invading multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli to a community of pathogenic Salmonella enterica was investigated using a continuous culture device, and the behaviors of dissemination dynamics under different levels of antibiotic stress were investigated. Three MDR E. coli invasion events were analyzed in this work: MDR E. coli-S. enterica co-colonization, MDR E. coli invasion after antibiotic treatment of S. enterica, and MDR E. coli invasion before antibiotic treatment of S. enterica. It was found that both horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) play significant roles in AMR dissemination, although different processes contribute differently under different circumstances; that environmental levels of antibiotics promote AMR dissemination by enhancing HGT rather than leading to selective advantage for resistant bacteria; and that early invasion of MDR E. coli completely and quickly sabotages the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. These findings contribute to understanding the drivers of AMR dissemination under different antibiotic stress, the detrimental impact of environmental tetracycline contamination, and the danger of nosocomial presence and dissemination of MDR non-pathogens. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance poses a grave threat to public health and reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs in treating bacterial infections. Antimicrobial resistance is transmissible, either by horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, or by vertical gene transfer following inheritance of genetic traits. The dissemination dynamics and behaviors of this threat, however, hasn’t been rigorously investigated. In this work, with a continuous culture device, we studied antimicrobial resistance dissemination processes by simulating antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli invasion to a pathogenic Salmonella enterica community. Using this novel tool, we provide evidence on the drivers of antimicrobial resistance dissemination, on the detrimental impact of environmental antibiotic contamination, and on the danger of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals, even if what harbors the antimicrobial resistance is not a pathogen. This work furthers our understanding on antimicrobial resistance and its dissemination between bacteria, and on antibiotic therapy, our most powerful tool against bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽  
Nazma Khatoon ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queen’s hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e”4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

scholarly journals Microbial Contamination of Chicken Litter Manure and Antimicrobial Resistance Threat in an Urban Area Setting in Cameroon

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Marie Paule Ngogang ◽  
Tambo Ernest ◽  
Jennifer Kariuki ◽  
Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche ◽  
Jeanne Ngogang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Broth Dilution

We conducted a pilot study to assess microbiological safety of chicken litter, an affordable organic and main fertilizer used in Cameroon and worldwide. A convenience sampling of 26 farms was done and a questionnaire was administered. Samples of litter were aseptically collected. E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated using CLSI standards. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method and a micro broth dilution method for colistin. In broiler farms, 90% of participating farmers gave antibiotic prophylaxis. The prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. was 59.1% and 15.5%, respectively. All E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant as well as 36.4% for Salmonella spp. No resistance was found against cefepime and imipenem. All Salmonella spp. tested were found sensitive to colistin while 26.7% of E. coli spp. were colistin resistant. Contamination of chicken litter may be an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission towards animals, humans and the environment with multidrug resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. This shows the need and opportunity for a One Health approach in AMR surveillance and control in Cameroon. Continued surveillance in chicken litter would enable monitoring of AMR risks and trends.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality Assessment of Marketed Broiler Meat in Different Markets of Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Mst Tasmim Sultana ◽  
Ashrifa Akter Mukta ◽  
Lita Biswas ◽  
Md Masud Rana
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Meat Samples

The present research work was undertaken to assess the bacterial quality and to know the prevalence of zoonotic bacteria from broiler meat samples sold in Krishi market, Bihari camp market, Agargaon market, Taltola market and SAU (Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University) mini bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to May 2018. After processing of samples primary culture was done in nutrient broth and nutrient agar media then pure culture was obtained from different selective media. Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Salmonella Count (TSC) in broiler meat of different broiler markets were determined. Mean of TVC, TCC and TSC for the Krishi market, Agargoan market, Taltola market, Bihari camp market and SAU Mini market were 5.67, 4.32, 2.96 log10 CFU/g, 5.88, 4.64, 3.56 log10 CFU/g, 6.10, 4.68, 3.78 log10 CFU/g, 6.68,4.87, 3.84 log10 CFU/g and 5.84, 4.25, 3.13 log10 CFU/g respectively. The prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Were 74% and 42% respectively. E. coli isolates were showed sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (91.6%), Gentamycin (87.5%), Azithromycin (66.66%), and Tetracycline (58%) and resistant to Penicillin (79.16%) then Amoxycillin (75%), Streptomycin (75%) and Ampicillin (58.3%). Highest resistant pattern was showed by Tetracycline (58%), Streptomycin (72.72%), Penicillin (72.72%) and Amoxycillin (63.63%). Highest resistant pattern showed by Amoxycillin (71.42%) and Penicillin (71.42%). This study revealed that broiler meat sold at some local markets of Dhaka city were contaminated with multiple species of multidrug resistant bacteria which may risk for human health. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 261-266,  August 2020

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolated from Drinking Water Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Odonkor ◽  
Kennedy K. Addo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death

The control of infectious diseases is badly endangered by the rise in the number of microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents. This is because infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are also present in various water sources. This study therefore sought to document the microbiological quality and antibiograms of bacterial isolates (E. colistrains) from six different water sources in order to determine their safety for human consumption and to provide updated antibiotic data for pragmatic treatment of patients. Bacteria isolation and identification was done using API and conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results obtained indicated that all the water sources tested were of poor quality. Bacteria isolated includedE. coli,Enterobacterspp.,Klebsiellaspp.,Salmonella typhi,Streptococcusspp.,Proteus vulgaris,Vibrio cholera,Shigellaspp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andEnterococcus faecalis. The prevalence of multidrug-resistantE. coliwas 49.48%.E. coliisolates showed high resistance patterns to the tested antibiotics. They were most resistant to penicillin (32.99%), cefuroxime (28.87%), erythromycin (23.71%), and tetracycline (21.45%). In contrast, they were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (93.8%), cefotaxime and amikacin (91.75%), gentamicin (90.7%), nalidixic acid (89.65%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%), chloramphenicol (69.07%), pipemidic acid (65.97%), and cefuroxime (52.58%). Sixty-three percent (63%) of the multidrug-resistantE. colistrains recorded a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value >0.2. The susceptible antibiotics, especially the nitrofurantoin, are hence recommended in the practical treatment of waterborne bacterial diseases.

scholarly journals Drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in orthopedics from 2012 to 2017: a 6-year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Yang ◽  
Runsheng Guo ◽  
Banglin Xie ◽  
Qi Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Abstract Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are an emerging global problem that increases in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. Orthopedics departments experience a particularly high infection rate, partially due to their heavy reliance on invasive medical devices. We performed a 6-year retrospective study to provide valuable insight into appropriate antibiotic use in HAI cases. We also aimed to understand how hospitals could reduce pathogen drug resistance in a population that overuses antibiotics. Methods All data (2012–2017) were obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Results We isolated 1392 pathogen strains from patients admitted to the orthopedics department during 2012–2017. Escherichia coli (14.7%, 204/1392), Enterobacter cloacae (13.9%, 193/1392), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%, 157/1392) were the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The dominant gram-negative bacterium was E. coli, with high resistance to ampicillin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, in that order. E. coli was least resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. The most dominant gram-positive bacterium was S. aureus, highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, but not resistant to fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole. We also did not observe isolate resistance to nitrofurantoin, linezolid, and vancomycin. Analysis of risk factors related to multidrug-resistant bacteria showed that patients with open fractures were significantly more susceptible to methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (p < 0.05). Additionally, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli infections occurred significantly more often in patients with degenerative diseases (p < 0.05). Elderly patients tended to be more susceptible to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but this outcome was not statistically significant. Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in orthopedics. To effectively control antimicrobial resistance among pathogens, we advocate extensive and dynamic monitoring of MDR bacteria, coupled with careful use of antibiotics. Key words: hospital acquired infections; orthopedics; drug resistance; multidrug resistance

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document