scholarly journals Genetic divergence among interspecific Paspalum hybrids based on seed production traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-401
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramos Lopes ◽  
Lucia Brandão Franke ◽  
Cléber Henrique Lopes de Souza ◽  
Patrícia Bertoncelli ◽  
Larissa Arnhold Graminho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Heterosis Effect ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Production Characteristics

ABSTRACT The use of genetic divergence as a basis for identifying superior individuals, with greater heterozygosity, is important in view of the difficulty when selecting of dissimilar genotypes exhibiting high average for interest traits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence and the expression of seed production traits in seventeen apomictic Paspalum plicatulum × Paspalum guenoarum hybrids and two male parents (P. guenoarum). A randomized block design was used, with genotypes individually arranged into ten blocks. The following traits were assessed: total number of tillers/plant (TT), reproductive tiller/plant (RT), number of racemes per inflorescence (NRI), reproductive tiller height (RTH), inflorescence rachis length (IRL), number of seeds/inflorescence (NSI), weight of a thousand seeds (WTS) and seed production (SP). Genetic divergence among the genotypes was estimated using the Tocher method and UPGMA clustering, based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2 ii’). The Tocher and UPGMA optimization methods showed high concordance. The traits that most contributed to genetic divergence were RTH (23.59%), IRL (21.63%), WTS (16.67%) and SP (14.23%). The presence of genetic diversity made it possible to identify divergent genotypes and those with high means for the traits studied, allowing the selection of genotypes with significant breeding potential. Repeated cross-breeding of female superior plants with the genotypes Azulão and H20 can result in a high heterosis effect on seed production characteristics.

scholarly journals ​​Genetic Divergence in Leafy Mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) Germplasm Grown under Tarai Condition of Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Bhandari ◽  
Anita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Mustard represents a rich diversity and widely cultivated in 23 states and union territories of India. However, much of this diversity is concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the sub-mountain Himalayas. Genetic diversity plays a significant role in plant improvement because a hybrid between the lines of diverse origin usually display a greater heterosis than those between closely related ones which permit the selection of genetically divergent plants to obtain the desirable recombination of segregating generation. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess “Genetic Divergence in Leafy Mustard (Brassica juncea. var. rugosa) germplasm grown under Tarai condition of Uttarakhand” and to identify divergent parents for hybridization program, which would provide superior transgressive segregants from collected germplasm. Methods: The present investigation consisted of thirty-two genotypes of leafy mustard and the research was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre (VRC), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) in rabi season of 2015-2016. Mustard genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three replications in field and data were observed for seventeen quantitative and qualitative characters. The estimation of genetic divergence was done with the help of Mahalonobis D2 statistic as suggested by Rao (1952). Cluster analysis by Tocher method for all the traits was done. Result: Thirty two germplasm of leafy mustard for different characters and grouped them into six clusters using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. The analysis revealed the maximum inter cluster distance was (20534.12) between cluster V and cluster VI so, we can create variation by inter mating genotypes from these two clusters to each other and the maximum intra cluster distance in cluster III (441.91) with six germplasm. It means we can intermate genotypes of this cluster with each other (2014/MGVAR-2, FS-13-1, FS-13-4, 2014/MGVAR-4, PRHC-12-9-1, PRHC-12-7-2, FS-13-3 and Pusa Sag 1) to create variation in next generations. The clustering pattern could be utilized in selection of parents for crossing and deciding the best cross combinations which may generate the highest possible variability for various traits.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

scholarly journals Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia M Echer ◽  
Graciela M Dalastra ◽  
Tiago L Hachmann ◽  
Elcio S Klosowski ◽  
Vandeir F Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and estimated genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Khusala Verardi ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva ◽  
Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic parameters and to estimate genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies. The experiments were carried out during three years, in a randomized block design, with six replicates and ten plants per plot, in three representative Hevea crop regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-two progenies were evaluated, from three to five years old, for rubber yield and annual girth growth. Genetic gain was estimated with the multi-effect index (MEI). Selection by progenies means provided greater estimated genetic gain than selection based on individuals, since heritability values of progeny means were greater than the ones of individual heritability, for both evaluated variables, in all the assessment years. The selection of the three best progenies for rubber yield provided a selection gain of 1.28 g per plant. The genetic gains estimated with MEI using data from early assessments (from 3 to 5-year-old) were generally high for annual girth growth and rubber yield. The high genetic gains for annual girth growth in the first year of assessment indicate that progenies can be selected at the beginning of the breeding program. Population effective size was consistent with the three progenies selected, showing that they were not related and that the population genetic variability is ensured. Early selection with the genetic gains estimated by MEI can be made on rubber tree progenies.

scholarly journals Selection of Coffea canephora parents from the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta for the production of intervarietal hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilane Nicolino Lamarão de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
Fábio Medeiros Ferreira ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
André Rostand Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Botanical Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to quantify the genetic divergence of potential Coffea canephora parents, with the goal of developing progenies that associate the best traits of the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties for hybrid vigor expression. Thus, 10 morphological and productive characteristics of 130 clones of Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties and their intervarietal hybrids were evaluated over 2 years. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates of four plants per plot. For selection of parents, the main component analysis was used to associate values with reference points obtained from the average of each botanical variety. The first two principal components allowed for the separation of the botanical varieties representing the variability contained in the original data with 76% for the first year and 69% for the second year. Although, the genotype × years interaction had significant effects, there were minor differences in the grouping from one year to the next, which is associated with the higher repeatability estimates observed in this study. It was observed that crosses with the 16-1-81I, 9-1-82L, and 13-1-61I parents of the botanical variety Robusta and the 167I, 890E, and 130I parents of the Conilon botanical variety presented greater potential for obtaining selection gains.

scholarly journals Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

scholarly journals Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53540
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias Maioli ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Tereza Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Diego Ary Rizzardi ◽  
Robson Akira Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Partial Diallel

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

scholarly journals Seleção de genótipos de batata-doce quanto à eficiência ao uso do fósforo em solos da região de cerrado

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Luziano Lopes Da Silva ◽  
Márcio Antônio Da Silveira ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis ◽  
Rodrigo de Castro Tavares ◽  
Valéria Gomes Momenté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (l.) Lam.) Lam) is a plant that produces tuberous root belonging to the family convolvulácea explored in practically all states of Brazil. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of the sweet potato as the efficiency of phosphorus use in cerrado soils with high and low availability of this nutrient. Were evaluated nine genotypes of sweet potato coming from the germplasm bank from the Federal University of the Tocantins, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized block design with three replications being nine genotypes grown in two environments with low and high phosphorus availability, using doses of phosphorus fertilization from 20 and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting. To select genotypes suitable for environments proposed was used methodology for selection of the efficient use and response to phosphorus fertilization (efficiency and response). Genotype Amanda was classified as efficient and responsive, Barbara, Julia, Marcela and Carolina Vitoria as efficient, but not responsive and Livia, Duda, Ana Clara and Beatriz were classified as non-efficient, responsive but the absorption and utilization of phosphorus.

scholarly journals Control of Conyza spp. with sequential application of glufosinate in soybean pre-sowing

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽  
Leandro Paiola Albrecht ◽  
André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽  
Romulo Augusto Ramos ◽  
Natália Buttini Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Management System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
General Control ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

ABSTRACT: Conyza spp. is among the main weeds reported worldwide. Due to its aggressiveness, such as high seed production and dispersion, and the growing reports of biotypes resistant to glyphosate, paraquat, and other herbicides, different control practices are required. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides with sequential application of glufosinate in soybean pre-sowing for control of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat. The study was carried out in the field, at Assis Chateaubriand and Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, in the 2018/19 season. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted in application of glyphosate, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, diclosulam, paraquat/diuron, paraquat and imazethapyr/flumioxazin, at different combinations, in soybean pre-sowing. Control of Conyza spp., crop injury to soybean plants and variables related to agronomic performance (plant height and yield) were evaluated. All treatments were selective for soybean, which showed stronger crop injury in the presence of diclosulam herbicide, but this did not compromise soybean agronomic performance. In general, control levels were high for the treatments used. Except for paraquat treatments, in the area with the highest frequency of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat, and imazethapyr/flumioxazin treatment in both areas. These control results emphasized the importance of glufosinate in this management system and showed promising results for saflufenacil/imazethapyr.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of yield and its contributing characters on CIMMYT maize inbreds under drought stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Umakanta Sarker ◽  
Maniruzzam ◽  
Bhagya Rani Banik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

This experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 during the rabi season of 2010 with 25 maize inbred lines. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were done for yield and some other traits. Genotypic variations were observed for ear height and grains/row. The highest broad sense heritability (h2b) was observed for yield/plant followed by ear height and 1000- grain weight. Maximum genetic advance in percentage of mean (GA) was recorded for yield/plant (92.652) and ear height (75.87). The yield/plant showed significant positive genotypic correlation (rg) with cob diameter (0.440) and grains/row (0.265). Significant negative correlation was observed between ear height and yield and also for days to 50% tasseling. The highest direct positive effect was obtained for rows/cob. These studies suggest that cob diameter, row per cob, grains/row and ear height were the most important yield contributing factors and an attempt should, therefore, be made for an effective selection of these traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21985 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 419-426, September 2014

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