scholarly journals Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in calves associated with excess sulfur intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381
Author(s):  
Jéssica A. Withoeft ◽  
Gustavo R. Bonatto ◽  
Isadora C. Melo ◽  
Deise Hemckmeier ◽  
Leonardo S. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Laminar Necrosis ◽  
Excess Sulfur ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

ABSTRACT: Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is the morphological characterization for softening of brain gray matter, and excess sulfur intake is one of its main causes. This study describes an outbreak of this disease in 1-to-3-month-old calves in a farm located in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The herd consisted of 27 Jersey male calves whose diet was composed of initial feed, ground whole corn, and mineral salt. From this herd, 10 animals became ill, showing signs of apathy, anorexia and blindness, evolving to generalized weakness and death. Necropsy was performed in three of these animals, which showed flattening of the cerebral convolutions in addition to softened, yellowish areas in the cerebral cortex. Histopathological examination revealed deep laminar necrosis associated with perineuronal and perivascular edema, as well as neurons with wrinkled, eosinophilic, or vacuolated cytoplasm. The following sulfur doses were observed: 8,010mg/kg in corn, 6,385mg/kg in initial feed, 1,060mg/kg in mineral salt and 2.3mg/L in water, reaching dose values far above the accepted, totaling a daily intake of approximately 6,533.5mg sulfur/animal/day. As differential diagnosis, lead was dosed in the kidneys and liver of the three calves, with negative results. Also, the calf that sickened last was treated with 20mg/kg thiamin and 0.2mg/kg dexamethasone (IM; QID) for three days and eventually recovered. According to anatomopathological findings, excess sulfur intake and therapeutic diagnosis, sulfur poisoning was suggested as the cause of PEM in these 1-to-3-month-old calves. Occurrence of PEM is rare in calves at such a young age.

scholarly journals Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto ◽  
Bonifácio Benicio de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira  ◽  
Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho ◽  
Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Feeding Studies with Lactitol in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Sinkeldam ◽  
R.A. Woutersen ◽  
V.M.H. Hollanders ◽  
H.P. Til ◽  
A. Van Garderen-Hoetmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
Chronic Study

The toxicity and possible carcinogenicity of lactitol, a lactose-derived reduced calorie sugar substitute, were examined in Wistar Cpb:WU rats. In a first 13-week study, groups of 10 weanling rats of each sex were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, or 20% lactitol, or 25% lactose. In a second 13-week study, groups of 20 rats of each sex received diets with 0, 10, or 20% lactitol, or 25% lactose starting from an age of 3 months. In a lifetime toxicity/cancerogenicity study with in utero exposure, groups of 50 rats of each sex consumed diets with 0, 2, 5, or 10% lactitol, or 20% lactose for 130 weeks. Satellite groups of 10 rats/group received the same diet but were sacrificed after 53 weeks. Subchronic and chronic ingestion of lactitol and lactose was generally well tolerated and an effect on mortality rate was not seen. Body weight gains were slightly decreased in a dose-related manner in all experiments. Dose-related cecal enlargement was observed consistently with lactitol and lactose. Examinations for hematological parameters and urine composition did not reveal any treatment-related abnormalities. The clinical chemistry examinations revealed increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels in rats fed 5 or 10% lactitol, or 20% lactose. Slight (microscopic) cytoplasmic alterations in the staining pattern of hepatocytes were observed in the first but not the second 13-week study in a number of male rats of the 10 and 20% lactitol groups. In the chronic study, a statistically significant increase in bile duct hyperplasia was noted in female rats fed 5 or 10% lactitol, or 20% lactose. Measurement of femur calcium content in terminated female rats revealed a dose-related, yet statistically nonsignificant decrease in the lactitol groups and lowest levels in the 20% lactose group. The histopathological examination of rats treated with lactitol and lactose for their lifetime showed an increased incidence of (1) pelvic nephrocalcinosis (5% lactitol females, and 10% lactitol and 20% lactose males and females), (2) adrenomedullary proliferative changes (10% lactitol and 20% lactose males), and (3) hyperplastic and neoplastic changes of Leydig cells (10% lactitol and 20% lactose males). Results from other studies suggest that nephrocalcinosis and adrenal medullary proliferative disease represent sequelae of a chronic, treatment-related hyperabsorption of calcium which does not occur in man. The mechanism of the testicular effect is not yet identified. However, lactitol gave completely negative results in standard tests for mutagenicity and clastogenicity, and no testicular effects or other neoplastic response was observed in lactitol-fed mice. Since Leydig cell tumors occur in humans at an extremely low rate despite the ingestion of substantial amounts of lactose with ordinary meals, the observation made in rats lacks apparent relevance for man.

scholarly journals Assessment of the IgA Immunoassay Diagnostic Potential of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MT10.3-MPT64 Fusion Protein in Tuberculous Pleural Fluid

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1963-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silva Araujo ◽  
Renata Maciel Moraes ◽  
Anete Trajman ◽  
Maria Helena Féres Saad
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Pleural tuberculosis (PL-TB) remains difficult to diagnose. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed based on a construction containing the fusion of the Rv3019c (MT10.3) and Rv1980c (MPT64) gene sequences, and its performance was evaluated in an area where TB is endemic. A total of 92 pleural fluid (PF) samples at serial dilutions of 1:50 to 1:800 were included in the ELISA IgA MT10.3-MPT64 evaluation: 70 from TB patients and 22 from patients with other pleurisies. Confirmation of the expression and subsequent purification of the protein was made by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays, resulting in a 36-kDa protein. ELISA IgA MT10.3-MPT64 showed sensitivities of 61.4%, 58.6%, 62.9%, 67.1%, and 70% at each PF dilution, respectively. The cumulative results of all dilutions increased sensitivity to 81.4% without jeopardizing specificity. Similar results were also obtained at the combined dilutions of 1:50, 1:200, and 1:800 or 1:50 plus 1:800 dilutions (80%). The overall sensitivity of the reference test, i.e., histopathological examination, was 74%. But, via the ELISA IgA MT10.3-MPT64 test, sensitivity was high for specimens with a negative culture (23/27; 85.2%) or nonspecific histopathology (17/18; 94.4%). Our findings demonstrated the promising use of this test as an adjunct in PL-TB diagnoses, particularly in cases with lower bacterial loads and false-negative results in the reference tests, since the new test includes such important features as quick and easy application, high sensitivity and, perhaps most importantly, affordability, which is so crucial for its widespread use in developing countries.

scholarly journals Giant primary retroperitoneal myxoid leiomyoma: A case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Radojkovic ◽  
Miroslav Stojanovic ◽  
Jasmina Gligorijevic ◽  
Goran Stanojevic ◽  
Predrag Kovacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Introduction. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that usually arise from the uterus. Case report. We present a patient with a 6-month history of vague abdominal discomfort, occasional nausea, vomiting and urinary incontinence. On examination, there was an extremely large firm unpainfull palpable abdominal mass. Laboratory investigation revealed mild leukocytosis and blood creatinine elevation. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a massive well bordered, encapsulated intraabdominal tumor, extending from the pelvis to epigastrium and almost completely fulfilling the pelvic and abdominal cavity. At laparotomy, tumor arising from the retroperitoneum was excised in toto. Histopathological examination disclosed that the tumor was composed mainly of smooth muscle cells and very rare fibrous connective tissue elements with myxomatous alteration and with no mitotic activity. The negative results of numerous additional parameters analyzed (pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, CD68, CD34, desmin, aktin) ruled out different origin of a tumor. One year after resection the patient had no complaints and no radiological evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion. Considering current limitations in radiological diagnosis, in toto resection of these tumors is necessary to rule out malignancy.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIABETOGENIC AND MUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS - ASPARTAME, ACESULFAME-K AND SUCRALOSE

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Shastry C. S. ◽  
Yatheesh C. K. ◽  
Aswathanarayana B. J.
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Dose Study

Abstract Objectives: Artificial sweeteners provide the sweetness of sugar without calories. Since from discovery, safety of artificial sweeteners has been controversial as they directly or indirectly link to induce carcinogenic and genotoxic risks. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare the diabetogenic and mutagenic potential of most widely using artificial sweeteners; aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose. Methods: Diabetic potential is assessed by ascending repeated dose study in which acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose of artificial sweeteners after converting human dose to animal dose using a standard reference table and administered up to 13 weeks with 3 different phases in an ascending manner on experimental rats. Mutagenic potential was accessed by Ames test with and without metabolic activation using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 97 and TA1535. Results: At ADI doses between 0-3 weeks, no significant changes but after 13 weeks significant increase was observed in the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL in all artificial sweetener groups. Sucralose showed comparatively less increase which was supported by histology reports. In Ames mutagenic assay aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose gave negative results. Conclusion: Aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose were found to exhibit diabetogenic effect at higher dose levels but they were safer to use at ADI doses and non mutagenic compounds. Comparatively sucralose is safer than aspartame and acesulfame-K. Hence these artificial sweeteners should be used with caution and over usage is not appreciated.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis of Colorectal Serrated Lesions from 2005 to 2014 in a Single Center: Importance of the Establishment of Diagnostic Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Priscilla S. P. Oliveira ◽  
Rita B. Carvalho ◽  
Daniela O. Magro ◽  
Michel G. Camargo ◽  
Carlos A. R. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Serrated Adenomas

Background. Serrated colorectal lesions are increasingly recognized as an important process in the development of colorectal cancer. Endoscopic and histological diagnosis may be difficult, and knowledge of the serrated lesions is important for the establishment of strategies for treating colorectal lesions. We aimed to analyze serrated lesions diagnosed at a single center and evaluate if there was an increase in their identification over the years. Design and Setting. A retrospective analysis of colonoscopy reports was performed at a specialized center from 2005 to 2014. Methods. Colonoscopy reports about any resected endoscopic lesions were reviewed and subjected to histological diagnosis from 2005 to 2014. Then, serrated lesions were evaluated based on morphological characterization, location, size, occurrence of synchronous lesions, and the patient’s history of colorectal cancer and polyps. Results. A total of 2126 colonoscopy examination reports were reviewed, and 3494 lesions were analyzed. On histopathological examination, 1089 (31.2%) were classified as hyperplastic polyps, 22 (0.6%) as sessile serrated adenomas, and 21 (0.6%) as traditional serrated adenomas. There was an increase in the number of cases of sessile and traditional serrated adenomas diagnosed after 2010. Before 2010, two cases of sessile serrated adenomas and seven cases of traditional serrated adenomas were diagnosed; after 2010, 20 cases of sessile serrated adenoma and 14 cases of traditional serrated adenomas were diagnosed. Conclusion. There was an increase in the diagnosis of sessile serrated adenomas over the years, which can be attributed to better accuracy in colonoscopy and histological classification.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Spondylitis between Genexpert and Histopathological Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rudianto Salim ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Ramdan ◽  
Gibran Tristan Alpharian
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Rapid Tests

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Spinal TB is associated with poor functional outcomes. Histopathological examination requires a long waiting times to obtain the results thus impractical for screening and may delay diagnosis. GeneXpert offers rapid tests for prompt screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert in patients with spinal TB when compared to the histopathology test as the gold standard. This study was performed on patients in the Spine Clinic of the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung who were diagnosed with spinal TB during the period of May 2019–May 2020. Blood samples were collected from the patients and tested using GeneXpert and histopathological assessment. Results demonstrated 34 patients with a positive result and 6 patients with negative results on both diagnostic methods. Twenty nine out of 40 patients (72.5%) had rifampin-sensitive TB. Diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert, when compared to histopathological examination, is represented by the sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 33.3%, positive predictive value of 88.2%, and negative predictive value of 33.3%. High sensitivity results forpatients with spinal TB on GeneXpert suggests that the test is appropriate to be used as a screening method and as a high-yield rapid diagnostic test for patients suspected for spinal TB.

scholarly journals Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis masquerading as renal tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Samuel Lalhruaizela ◽  
Zothansanga Zadeng ◽  
Lal Hruaitluanga
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Renal Tuberculosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exploratory Surgery

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the right renal pelvis mimicking the signs, symptoms and radiological findings of renal tuberculosis (TB). She had been diagnosed initially for urinary tract infection and radiological diagnosis initially was more towards renal TB and urine cytology and cultures were normal. Specific investigations for tuberculosis all showed negative results. But as neoplasia could not be ruled out by ureterorenoscopy due to presence of multiple ureteric strictures, decision was taken for an exploratory surgery. During surgery it was found that there was a tumour in the upper pole of kidney involving the renal pelvis and was found to be papillary transitional cell carcinoma on histopathological examination.

scholarly journals Clinical Improvement in Patients with Morbus Hansen Borderline Tuberculoid Lesions with 3-Month Multibacillary Regimen Therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Putu Eka Ratna Setia Rahayu ◽  
Gusti Ayu Vina Mery Giovani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
The Right

Background/Aim: Morbus Hansen (MH) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease has an average incubation period of 3-5 years. Morbus Hansen (MH) has various clinical, microbiological and histopathological features. In the following, a new case of MH is reported with a clinical manifestation of Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) type MH. The patient was treated with the MDT MB regimen for 3 months and had clinical improvement. Case Report: A 23-year-old boy with complaints of sudden feeling of heat, tingling and cramping from the tip of his right foot to the sole of his right foot. He also complaining about black lesions on both hands, right elbow, face, chest and back. The diagnosis of gout, fungus and dermatitis can be ruled out after microscopic examination of AFB on the right, left ear lobe, and foot lesions showed negative results and histopathological examination results showed Morbus Hansen type BT. The risk factor for contracting Morbus Hansen is the patient has lived in a dormitory for 2.5 years and it is known that there are people who suffer from a similar disease in that environment. The patient was treated using a multibacillary regimen for 3 months and the lesions improved and the numbness decreased. Treatment plan during the case for 12-18 months. This case is unique due to the clinical manifestation has not significant characteristic for MH, AFB is not found from ear lobe smear. MH established after skin biopsy done. Conclusion: It was reported that one MH case with TB for 3 months had clinical improvement, with plans to continue treatment for 12-18 months. Keywords: Borderline Tuberculoid; Morbus Hansen, Multibacillary.

Periorbital erythema and swelling as a presenting sign of lupus erythematosus in tertiary referral centers and literature review

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1828-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
MY Wu ◽  
CH Wang ◽  
CY Ng ◽  
TT Kuo ◽  
YC Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Dermatologic Manifestations

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) includes a broad range of dermatologic manifestations. Periorbital involvement, however, is a relatively rare clinical presentation of CLE. Objectives This clinical study aimed to investigate the characteristics of this unique presentation of CLE in tertiary medical centers. Methods We enrolled patients with periorbital erythema and swelling as the presenting sign of lupus erythematosus, from January 2003 to November 2017, using the data of 553 pathologically proven CLE cases from the registration database of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Taiwan. Results We enrolled a total of 25 patients. The mean age was 46.7 years and 68% of the patients were female. Most of the patients (84.0%) presented with unilateral involvement, with the left orbit involved in 15 patients (60%); the upper eyelid was the most frequently involved (72%). Mean duration between the onset of clinical manifestations and the diagnosis of CLE was approximately 59 weeks. Nineteen patients had been previously misdiagnosed. All patients had features compatible with CLE on histopathological examination. In contrast, laboratory analysis of the autoimmune profile often revealed negative results, including those for antinuclear antibodies (25%). Notably, anti-SSA/SSB (45.5%) showed the highest positive rate. During follow-up, six patients developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and two patients developed Sjögren syndrome. Conclusions The diagnosis of CLE presenting as periorbital erythema and swelling is often delayed because of clinical mimicry and the high proportion of negative results on autoantibody tests. Increased clinical suspicion and prompt histopathological examination are crucial for early diagnosis. Moreover, one-fourth of the patients ultimately developed SLE, which highlights the importance of clinical awareness.

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