Co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean cultivars subjected to water déficit

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the effect of co-inoculation, association between Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, on soybean plants subjected to water deficit at two sowing dates. Two field experiments were conducted at the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, campus of Palmas, Brazil, in 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-split-plot arrangement with four repetitions, where the plots consisted of two irrigation depths (100 and 25% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc), the subplots was composed of two methods of inoculant application (inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and the sub-subplots comprised two soybean cultivars (TMG 132 and ANTA 82). The cultivars responded differently to the sowing dates. Co-inoculation did not influence grain yield under full irrigation conditions (100% ETc), in neither cultivar evaluated. However, under the water deficit condition (25% ETc), the grain yield of the cultivar TMG 132 increased 77.20%, indicating that there are different responses of interaction between Azospirillum brasilense, plant genotype and sowing dates.

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Effect of water deficit and sowing date on oil and protein contents in soybean co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632021v5166584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Maria de Lima Naoe ◽

Joênes Mucci Peluzio ◽

Leonardo José Motta Campos ◽

Lucas Koshy Naoe ◽

Evandro Reina

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Oil Content ◽

Management Practices ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Sowing Dates

ABSTRACT The soybean chemical composition is strongly influenced by genetic factors, as well as their interaction with the environment and management practices. Among the environmental factors, water deficit and temperature are those that most contribute to modify the chemical composition of beans, especially oil and protein contents. The present study aimed to assess the effects of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on soybean oil and protein contents. Two field experiments were carried out on different sowing dates. The design consisted of randomized blocks, in a split-split-plot arrangement, with four replications, including two irrigation depths (25 % and 100 % of the ETc), two inoculation methods [Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strains Semia 5079 and Semia 5080) and Azospirillum brasilense (strains AbV5 and AbV6 + Bradyrhizobium japonicum)] and two cultivars (ANTA 82 and TMG 132). The co-inoculation did not affect the oil and protein contents of beans for any of the assessed management conditions. The water deficit in the reproductive stage, combined with the sowing dates, altered the oil and protein contents in both the assessed cultivars, showing, respectively, a higher average protein and oil content in the beans for the cultivars TMG 132 and ANTA 82.

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Path Analysis in Soybean Under Drought Stress and Co-inoculated With Azospirillum brasilense

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Alessandra Maria de Lima Naoe ◽

Joênes Mucci Peluzio ◽

Lucas Koshy Naoe ◽

Leonardo José Motta Campos ◽

Waldesse Piragé de Oliveira Júnior

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Root Length ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Plot Design

The study was carried out with the objective of verifying the effect of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense in the behavior of the morphological characteristics of cultivars soybean submitted to drought stress. Two experiments were carried in randomized blocks with a split-split plot design, with four replications. We evaluated the cultivars TMG 132 and ANTA 82. The treatments were subjected to two irrigation depths: total irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration) and irrigation with drought stress (25% of crop evapotranspiration) and co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and inoculated whit only Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The coefficients of the correlation between the characteristics: leaf area, plant height, root length, number of nodules, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and nodule dry matter were analyzed, as well as the effects over the productivity through the path analisys. The drought stress did not alter the correlations between the studied characteristics; however the alteration happened due to the inoculation method. The path analysis showed that the root length was the only variable that had a direct effect on soybean grain yield, and this occurred only inoculation. In the co-inoculated treatments with Azospirillum brasilense, there were greater indirect effects in grain yield due the root dry matter and shoot dry matter.

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Selectivity of pre-and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i4.2755 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 649-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe Guilherme Ferreira Fornazza ◽

Jamil Constantin ◽

Fellipe Goulart Machado ◽

Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr. ◽

Gustavo Delabio Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Short Cycle ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Combined Use ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽

Soybean Plants

The combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides may affect their selectivity to soybean plants, especially to short-cycle cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of pre- and post-emergence herbicides to very-early maturing soybean cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted, one in Mandaguaçu, Paraná (E1) and other in Rio Verde, Goiás (E2), Brazil, using a 4×7 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four pre-emergence herbicide managements (S-metolachlor at 1440 g ha-1, diclosulam at 25.2 g ha-1, sulfentrazone at 300 g ha-1, and no herbicide application); and seven post-emergence herbicide managements (lactofen at 120 g ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, bentazon at 720 g ha-1, lactofen at 120 g ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl at 12.5 g ha-1, glyphosate at 900 g a. e. ha-1, two sequential glyphosate applications at 720 g a. e. ha-1 each, and no herbicide application). The early-maturing soybean cultivars evaluated showed sensitivity to the herbicides used. The combined use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increased the occurrence of injuries in the plants. Diclosulam and sulfentrazone were the least selective pre-emergence herbicides. All herbicide combinations used affected soybean grain yield in E1; lactofen, chlorimuron, and bentazon presented the least selectivity in E2.

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Agronomic aspects of soybean plants subjected to deficit irrigation

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p654-659 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 654-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antônia C. Nunes ◽

Francisco M. L. Bezerra ◽

Roberta A. e Silva ◽

José L. C. da Silva Júnior ◽

Flávia B. Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Plant Stem ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of soybean plants subjected to irrigation management with controlled water deficits in different phenological stages. The research was conducted in an experimental area of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), in Palmas-TO, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, and treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of irrigation levels that induced plants to water deficit in the vegetative stage, reproductive stage and throughout the entire cycle, based on potential crop evapotranspiration (ETpc). The subplots corresponded to two soybean cultivars (M9144RR and TMG1288RR). The following agronomic variables were evaluated: days until flowering, days until maturation, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, stem diameter, leaf area and yield. Irrigation management with moderate water deficit, 50% of ETpc, in the vegetative stage, promoted the best agronomic characteristics and contributed to increase the yield of the evaluated soybean cultivars, especially M9144RR.

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Response of early soybean cultivars to nitrogen fertilization associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4852637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 436-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alan Mario Zuffo ◽

Fábio Steiner ◽

Aécio Busch ◽

Tiago Zoz

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Critical Factor ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

High Fertility ◽

N Availability ◽

Soybean Cultivars

ABSTRACT In early soybean cultivars of high productive potential, the use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer may be a critical factor to meet the crop N requirements for obtaining high yields. In order to determine the response of early soybean cultivars to doses and times of nitrogen fertilizer application, associated with the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, two field experiments were conducted in a Quartzipsamment soil from the Brazilian tropical Savannah, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme, being two soybean cultivars (BRS 1074 IPRO and ST 797 IPRO), three application times of N fertilizer (sowing, 30 and 50 days after the emergence) and four N doses (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry matter, number of nodules, nodule dry matter, first pod height, number of pods, number of grains per pod, 1,000-grain mass, grain yield and harvest index. The use of N fertilizer did not improve the production components and did not increase the soybean grain yield, regardless of the doses and times of application. Therefore, it was concluded that, if efficient strains of B. japonicum are used in areas of first soybean crop, in a Quartzipsamment soil with medium-high fertility, especially with a relatively high N availability due to the mineralization of the soil organic matter, there is no need to apply starter or late doses of nitrogen fertilizer.

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Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80656-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Gomaa ◽

Essam E. Kandil ◽

Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽

Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽

Hayssam M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

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Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 927

Author(s):

Jamshad Hussain ◽

Tasneem Khaliq ◽

Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽

Asmat Ullah ◽

Ishfaq Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Region ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽

Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska ◽

Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽

Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽

Andrzej Kotecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Soybean Cultivars

Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.

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Effect of Fungicide Application and Cultivar on Soybean Green Stem Disorder

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-12-1191-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (9) ◽

pp. 1212-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. B. Hill ◽

C. R. Bowen ◽

G. L. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Delayed Senescence ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Plant Maturity ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Insect Interactions ◽

Green Stem

Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max) has increasingly become a nuisance for soybean producers. The disorder is distinguished from other manifestations of delayed plant maturity by the delayed senescence of stems only, with normal pod ripening and seed maturation. The primary objective of the first study was to determine whether green stem disorder increased with a fungicide treatment. Field cages to isolate soybean plants to prevent insect interactions were used and treatments included maturity group (MG) II insensitive and sensitive soybean cultivars with or without fungicide applications. A secondary objective was to determine fungi potentially associated with the disorder. The results indicated significant elevation of the incidence of green stem disorder when using a fungicide. Species of Diaporthe or Phomopsis and Macrophomina phaseolina were more frequent in stems without the disorder, whereas species of Colletotrichum were found mostly in stems with the disorder. In another study, field experiments were conducted without cages in replicated field plots to compare the effects of fungicides with different chemistries and timing of fungicide application on incidence of green stem disorder using green stem disorder MG II- and MG III-sensitive and insensitive soybean cultivars. There was a significant increase in percentage of green stem disorder due to fungicide application, depending on fungicide chemistry, timing of application, year, location, and cultivar sensitivity to green stem disorder. Generally, Headline and Headline-Domark applications resulted in higher incidence of green stem disorder than Domark alone or the nonsprayed control, with over 50% incidence in many cases. Higher percent green stem disorder was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with higher yields in 11 of the 28 trials. From the results of this research, soybean producers should be aware of the possible risk that fungicide application may have in increasing incidence of green stem disorder. In addition, producers can help manage green stem disorder by selecting soybean cultivars reported to be consistently insensitive to the disorder.

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Sowing Dates and Soybean Cultivars Influence Seed Yield, Oil and Protein Contents in Subtropical Environment

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n6p188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽

Jackson Kawakami ◽

Kélin Schwarz ◽

Renan Caldas Umburanas ◽

Murilo Viotto Del Conte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Management Practice ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

High Mass ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Late Sowing ◽

Subtropical Environment

The sowing date is the crop management practice with higher interference on soybean grain yield, although this interference is dependent on the genotype by environment interaction. This study was carried out to evaluate how soybean genotypes behave at different sowing times in a subtropical environment. We evaluated the grain yield, yield components, plant morphology and grain oil and protein content of four soybean cultivars (FPS Urano RR, BMX Apolo RR, BMX Energia RR and BRS 284) at three sowing dates (early, mid, and late sowing in 2010/2011 season) in Mid-South of Parana State, Brazil. Early cultivars at late sowing may have problems with mechanical harvest. The number of pods and grains differed among cultivars, and the cultivar “BRS 284” showed the best results. As an exception, the cultivar “BRS 284” showed yield stability among sowing dates. Higher amount of grain protein content occurs in middle and late sowing dates. The grain yield decreased with delay of sowing due to the reduction of the grains mass and in Southern Brazil is very important to assure high mass of seed to obtain high grain yields.

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