Co-inoculation of Anabaena cylindrica and Azospirillum brasilense during initial growth and chloroplast pigments of corn

ABSTRACT Although the isolated effects of the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica and the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense are well-known, the co-inoculation of both can promote other benefits to corn plants’ biological nitrogen fixation and growth. The aim was to evaluate the initial growth and chloroplast pigment levels of corn hybrids co-inoculated with A. brasilense and A. cylindrica. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions using the completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2 × 4 with two hybrids, Balu 184 and Balu 280 Pro, and four inoculation treatments: no inoculation, inoculation of A. cylindrica, inoculation of A. brasilense, and the co-inoculation of A. cylindrica + A. brasilense. Co-inoculation resulted in higher root growth and dry mass of the aerial part in both hybrids; however, the hybrid Balu 280 Pro presented higher responsivity. The co-inoculation of A. brasilense and A. cylindrica increased initial corn growth without altering the photosynthetic pigment levels.

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CRESCIMENTO INICIAL E DIAGNOSE NUTRICIONAL DE PLANTAS DE MILHO CULTIVADAS COM OMISSÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM ARGISSOLO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i4.9033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 567-571

Author(s):

Janderson Carmo Lima ◽

Marilza Neves Nascimento ◽

Railda Santos Jesus ◽

Alismário Leite Silva ◽

Anacleto Ranulfo Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sexual Propagation ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Corn Plants

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e diagnose nutricional de plantas de milho cultivadas com omissão de macronutrientes em Argissolo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em estufa, tendo como substrato Argissolo amarelo distrocoeso, utilizou-se vasos com capacidade de 3 dm³, tendo como tratamentos: Solo sem adubação, Adubação referência e omissão de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) respectivamente, mantendo cinco repetições por tratamento, totalizando 25 unidades experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi realizado o plantio via propagação sexuada e após uma semana foi feito o desbaste, deixando apenas uma planta por vaso. Aos 30 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento: altura das plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do colmo, massa seca (MS) da parte aérea (PA) e raiz (R), além das determinações nutricionais: concentração de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na PA e R. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos a análise de variância e posteriormente ao teste de medias de acordo a significância. O crescimento inicial das plantas de milho foi severamente comprometido com a ausência dos nutrientes N e P, destacando assim a importância dessa suplementação. A diagnose nutricional mostrou que a omissão dos macronutrientes comprometeu o acúmulo desses elementos. Palavras-chave: gramíneas; fertilidade do solo; nutrição mineral de plantas; Zea mays. Initial growth and nutritional diagnosis of maize plants cultivated with omission of macronutrients in argissolo ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth and nutritional diagnosis of corn plants cultivated with omission of macronutrients in Argisol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with subsoil yellow dystrocoes, using pots with a capacity of 3 dm³, using as treatments: Soil without fertilization, reference fertilization and omission of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), maintaining five replicates per treatment, totaling 25 experimental units in a completely randomized design. Planting was carried out via sexual propagation and after one week the thinning was done, leaving only one plant per pot. At 30 days after application of the treatments, growth parameters were evaluated: plant height, leaf number, shoot diameter, shoot dry mass (AP) and root (R), in addition to the nutritional determinations: nitrogen concentration, phosphorus and potassium in PA and R. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and later to the test of means according to significance. The initial growth of corn plants was severely compromised by the absence of N and P nutrients, thus highlighting the importance of this supplementation. The nutritional diagnosis showed that omission of macronutrients compromised the accumulation of these elements. Keywords: grasses; soil fertility; mineral nutrition of plants; Zea mays.

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Co-inoculation of rhizobia, azospirilla and cyanobacteria for increasing common bean production

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2015-2028

Author(s):

Eduardo Hélder Horácio ◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes ◽

João Sarkis Yunes ◽

Alisson Wilson dos Santos Sanzovo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

N Addition ◽

Anabaena Cylindrica ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

The Common ◽

Biological Nitrogen

The combined inoculation of Rhizobium (R. tropici+R. freirei), Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, is a technology that has not yet been tested and established in the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The inoculation may be a promising strategy for increasing crop productivity by combining the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation with the production of plant growth phytohormones. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica as an alternative method for optimizing the symbiotic performance and development of the common bean at greenhouse conditions. The treatments were as follows: (T1) control without N and inoculation, (T2) N addition (100 kg N ha-1), (T3) Riz (addition of R. tropici+R. freirei), (T4) Azo (Azospirillum brasilense addition), (T5) Ana (Anabaena cylindrical addition), (T6) Riz+Azo, (T7) Riz+Ana, (T8) Azo+Ana, (T9) Riz+Azo+Ana. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant. We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria, with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition. However, field experiments are necessary to elucidate the performances of the inoculated beneficial microorganisms.

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Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Bruno Fróes Campos ◽

Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽

Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽

Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽

Denise Castro Lustosa

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Isolate ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Root Size ◽

Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CORN HYBRIDS (Zea mays) UNDER INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Revista Ciência Agrícola ◽

10.28998/rca.v17i1.4506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

João Paulo Kruger Reznick ◽

Volnei Pauletti ◽

Daniel Malheiro Nascimento ◽

Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll

<table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value">The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of corn genotypes under the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x2x2) with three replications. Five corn hybrids were used, combined with two doses of nitrogen (N) (without N and with 100 kg ha-1 N) and with two inoculation levels of A.brasilense (without and with inoculation). Plant stature and stem diameter at stadiums V8 and R1, leaf chlorophyll content at stadium R1 and dry mass at stadium R2 were evaluated. It was observed that when there was variation in the evaluated parameters, this was due to the different genetic materials and mainly due to the application of N. Inoculation with A.brasilense was not effective in altering the corn development.</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Control of volunteer corn with rates of post-emergent ACCase inhibitors applied at different phenological stages

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a393 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 35-46

Author(s):

Bárbara Suellen de Almeida Santos ◽

Abílio Felipe Oliveira Lopes ◽

Guilherme Mendes Pio de Oliveira ◽

Giliardi Dalazen

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Visual Control ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Complete Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Volunteer Corn ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Regression Adjustment ◽

Complementary Analysis

The occurrence of volunteer corn (Zea maysL.) has been common in Brazilian crops due to the adoption of a succession of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merrill) and corn resistant to glyphosate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the control of volunteer corn using different rates of acetyl-CoAcarboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors herbicides at different phenological stages. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design. The experiment was organized in a factorial scheme (3x7x2) with three herbicides (clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl) applied atseven rates [0; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400 and 800 mL of commercial product (C.P.) ha-1], andat two corn phenological stages (V3 and V6). Visual control (%) assessments were carried out at 14, 21 and 28 days after application of treatments (DAT) and shoot dry mass (SDM) at 28 DAT. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and to complementary analysis by logistic regression adjustment. For allherbicides, the control of volunteer corn was greater at V3 stage, requiring lower rates compared to V6. Complete visual control of volunteer corn plants at V3 was obtained with rates of 25 mL C.P. ha-1for all herbicides evaluated, corresponding to 6, 3 and 6 + 3 g a.i. ha-1of clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl, respectively. For V6 application, 400 mL C.P. ha-1of clethodim (equivalent to 96 g a.i. ha-1) and 100 mL C.P. ha-1of quizalofop-P-tefuryl (equivalent to 12 g a.i. ha-1) and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (equivalent to 24 + 12 g a.i. ha-1) were necessary to achieve 100% of plant mortality. Thus, the efficiency of clethodim was more dependent on the stage of application compared to others herbicides, requiring higher rates to achieve complete control of volunteer corn at V6.

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Emergência e crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetida a substratos orgânicos

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v12i2.4859 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Franciele Mara Lucca Zanardo Bohm ◽

Adriana Strieder Philippsen ◽

Débora Larissa de Oliveira ◽

Lucas Henrique Teixeira Garcete ◽

Paula Bonomo Bertola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Sustainable System

A agricultura orgânica se destaca como modo de produção que consiste em um sistema sustentável. Um dos desafios desse método de cultivo é a produção de alimentos com qualidade em quantidades suficientes sem comprometer o meio ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de substratos orgânicos na germinação e crescimento inicial de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (substratos) e duas repetições. Foram testados os substratos: composto de Sibipiruna, substrato comercial, composto de Sibipiruna com chorume e substrato comercial com chorume. O chorume foi obtido exclusivamente da decomposição de vegetais. Foi avaliado o efeito dos substratos pelo percentual de germinação, massa fresca, massa seca e comprimento da radícula. Pôde-se considerar que houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As sementes, quando germinadas em substrato de Sibipiruna com chorume, apresentaram maior massa seca e comprimento de radícula. Com relação à massa fresca, os valores obtidos foram maiores quando o chorume foi adicionado a ambos os substratos. O chorume obtido da decomposição de vegetais aumentou a germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas.Emergence and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) submitted to organic substrates<pre>Abstract: Organic agriculture stands out as a mode of production consisting of a sustainable system. One of the challenges of this method of cultivation is the production of sufficient quality food in sufficient quantities without compromising the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of organic substrates on germination and initial lettuce growth. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (substrates) and two replicates. The substrates were tested: Sibipiruna compound, commercial substrate, Sibipiruna compound with slurry and commercial slurry substrate. The manure was obtained exclusively from the decomposition of vegetables. The effect of the substrates was evaluated by percentage of germination, fresh mass, dry mass and radicular length. It was possible to consider that there was a significant difference between treatments. The seeds, when germinated in substrate of Sibipiruna with slurry, presented higher dry mass and radicle length. Regarding the fresh mass, the values obtained were higher when the slurry was added to both substrates. The slurry obtained from the decomposition of plants increased the germination and the initial growth of the seedlings.</pre>

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Doses de esterco de galinha e água disponível sob o desenvolvimento inicial do milho

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i5.4667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Francisco Marto de Souza ◽

Ellen Caroline Santos Lima ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Lauter Silva Souto ◽

Jonathan Estivens Soares Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Font Size ◽

Initial Development ◽

Available Water ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Soil Irrigation ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho sob níveis de irrigação e doses de esterco de galinha. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, Paraíba, no período de Dezembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. O arranjo dos tratamentos constituiu um fatorial 5 x 2, correspondentes a cinco doses de cama de frango e dois níveis de água disponível (AD) de 50 e 100% da CC, mantido após as irrigações do solo, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando as 40 unidades experimentais. O ensaio foi realizado em unidades experimentais compostas por vasos de 18 dm3 de capacidade, semeando manualmente quatro sementes por vaso. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura, onde foram avaliadas quanto a emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de massa seca. As doses de 8,4 e 8,5 t ha-1 promovem o maior crescimento das plantas de milho na fase inicial de crescimento. Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura. Doses of chicken manure and water available under the initial development of maizeAbstract<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;" lang="EN-US">: The objective was to study the initial development of corn plants under irrigation levels and doses of chicken manure. The experiment was carried out in plastic tunnel conditions of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, Paraíba, from December 2014 to January 2015. The treatment arrangement consisted of a 5 x 2 factorial, corresponding to five doses of chicken litter and two levels of available water (AD) of 50 and 100% CC, maintained after soil irrigation with 10 treatments and four replications, Totaling the 40 experimental units. The experiment was carried out in experimental units composed of vessels of 18 dm3 capacity, manually seeding four seeds per pot. The plants were conducted for 20 days after sowing, where they were evaluated for emergence, initial growth and accumulation of dry mass. The doses of 8.4 and 8.5 t ha-1 promote the highest growth of maize plants in the initial phase of growth. There was no influence of available water and the interaction of available water and broiler litter doses on the emergence and growth of AG 051 maize plants during the first 20 years after sowing.Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura.

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Initial growth of cassava plants cv. Mossoró under different water regimes

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i3.5155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Domingos Ferreira De Mélo Neto ◽

Daniel Gomes Coelho ◽

Moab Torres De Andrade ◽

Jandelson De Oliveira Alves

Keyword(s):

Linear Trend ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Levels

The sprouting phase of cassava is critical for the establishment of the plant, with this phase being dependent on soil moisture. As such, this study evaluated the effect of different irrigation levels on the initial growth of cassava cv. Mossoró in semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted under completely randomized design conditions with 5 replications. The treatments in pots containing one plant per experimental unit consisted of 5 irrigation levels, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo, mm day-1), which corresponded to totals for the experimental period of 11.20; 42.15; 73.09; 104.03 and 134.97 mm, respectively. At 30 days after planting, the number of leaves and stems, as well as the dry mass of the shoot and the root had increased sharply for irrigation levels up to 73.09 mm. For higher irrigation levels there was a tendency for plant growth stabilization; however, above 104.03 mm there was a decrease. Shoot and root dry mass ratio showed severe water stress at the 11.20 mm level, being more damaging to root growth. Plant height showed a positive linear trend as the level of irrigation was increased, as opposed to water use efficiency. Therefore, irrigation with 50% replacement of ETo (73.09 mm) provided the best conditions for early growth of cassava.

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Soil humidity as a productive conditioner of soybean culture through inoculation, co-inoculation and rooting

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2133 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 932-939

Author(s):

Evandro Ademir Deak ◽

Thomas Newton Martin ◽

Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽

Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽

Vinícius dos Santos Cunha

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

The Times ◽

The Many ◽

High Yields ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Measured Water ◽

Soybean Nodulation

In the soybean crop, the practice of inoculation is crucial for producing high yields. This is because biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main supplier of the nutrient demand for this crop. However, a few environmental variables can also greatly influence the survival of the bacteria that control this process. In this context, the present work was performed to confirm the many ways in which soil moisture affects this process. In the field, we conducted two experiments at the times of the two sowing dates, 11/24/2015 and 12/17/2015, adopting the factorial 7 x 2 design, with four replications. The inoculation treatments included, non-inoculated (NI); not inoculated along with the nitrogen supplied at the 200 kg ha-1 (NI+N) dosage; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium [I (Brady)]; root enhancers (R); inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers (I+R); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense (I+Azo); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers (I+Azo+R). The second factor included was the use or absence of a water jet (200 L ha-1) directed onto the seeds in the sowing furrow. Then estimations of the initial establishment of the plants, nodulation, and productivity components were measured. Water supplied to the sowing furrow had no effect on soybean nodulation and yield components. Co-inoculation promoted nodulation in soybean plants, particularly in dry mass of the nodules and number of nodules per plant.

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