scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of intracanal medications based on calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide micro- or nanoparticles: an ex vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria GUERREIRO-TANOMARU ◽  
Alana Priscila SOUZA AGUIAR ◽  
Gisselle Moraima CHÁVEZ-ANDRADE ◽  
Maria Inês Basso BERNARDI ◽  
Mário TANOMARU-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Abstract Introduction Nanoparticles and associations to calcium hydroxide can be used to increase antimicrobial activity. Objective To evaluate antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and pH of intracanal medications (IM) based on calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) micro- or nanoparticles, and their association with 0.4% chlorhexidine (CHX). Material and method Root canals from single-rooted human teeth were inoculated and incubated for 21 days. After sample (S1), the root canals were filled with the medications for 7 days and samples were collected immediately after medication (S2) and 7 days later (S3). Counting of CFU mL-1 was performed. Polyethylene tubes filled with the medications were used for the pH evaluation after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Result All IM promoted elimination of E. faecalis immediately after medication (S2). All the pastes promoted a similar pH increase. Conclusion CH/ZnO micro- or nanoparticles associated with CHX promoted greater bacterial reduction in the root canals and similar pH.

scholarly journals Application of XP-Endo finisher files in the reduction of microbial load in oval-shaped root canals - An ex vivo study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Dornelas Mantovani ◽  
Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes ◽  
Lidiane Mendes Louzada ◽  
Rodrigo Arruda Vasconcelos ◽  
Maria Cristina Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) associated with XP-Endo Shaper (XPS) or Reciproc Blue (RB) files in the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in oval-shaped root canals. Eighty mandibular incisors with single oval-shaped root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis for 10 days at 37°C with centrifugation on alternate days. The teeth were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n=10) as follows: G1 – XP-Endo Shaper, G2 – XP-Endo Shaper + XP-Endo Finisher, G3 – Reciproc Blue, and G4 – Reciproc Blue + XP-Endo Finisher. Chemomechanical preparation was performed with saline solution (NaCl) or 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Microbial reduction was assessed by colony forming units (CFU/mL) count before (S1) and after (S2) CMP by using sterile paper points. ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests were used at 5% significance level. Bacteria were present in all initial samples (P>.05). All instrumentation techniques reduced bacteria, irrespective of the irrigating solution (P<.05). With the use of NaCl, Reciproc Blue was more effective than XP-Endo Shaper (P=.035). The association of XP-Endo Finisher improved the cleaning efficacy of both systems (P=.239). With the use of NaOCl, XP-Endo Shaper and Reciproc Blue presented similar effectiveness (P=.779). XP-Endo Finisher enhanced the bacterial reduction of both systems tested (P<.05). The use of NaOCl improved the CMP, irrespective of the instrumentation technique used (P<.05).

scholarly journals Ex-vivo Effect of Intracanal Medications Based on Ozone and Calcium Hydroxide in Root Canals Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Vieira Farac ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pizzolitto ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
Renata Dornelles Morgental ◽  
Regina Karla de Pontes Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Colony Forming Units

This ex vivo study evaluated the antibacterial effect of intracanal medications in root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty single-rooted human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and incubated at 37°C for 21 days. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the intracanal medication used: OZ-PG: ozonized propylene glycol; CH/CPMC: calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol; OZ-PG/CH ozonized PG/CH; PC: positive control group (no medication); and NC: negative control group (no contamination). The samples were collected after 7 days (post-medication) and 14 days (final). Bacterial growth was checked by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). OZ-PG and CH/CPMC reduced significantly the CFU counts compared with PC in the post-medication and final samples, with no statistically significant differences among them. On the other hand, OZ-PG/CH did not reduce significantly the number of bacteria compared with PC. In conclusion, among the evaluated medications OZ-PG and CH/CPMC were the most effective against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals Action of Chlorhexidine, Zingiber officinale, and Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Endotoxin in the Root Canals

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C Valera ◽  
Sarah AC Oliveira ◽  
Lilian E Maekawa ◽  
Flávia GR Cardoso ◽  
Adriana Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) as auxiliary chemical substance and intracanal medications on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins in the root canals. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 48 single-rooted human teeth divided into four groups (n = 12), according to intracanal medications used: (1) Calcium hydroxide + apyrogenic saline solution (Ca(OH)2 + SS), (2) 20% ginger glycolic extract (GEN), (3) calcium hydroxide + 20% ginger glycolic extract (Ca(OH)2 + GEN), (4) apyrogenic SS (control). Collections were made from the root canal content before preparation (baseline–S1), immediately after instrumentation (S2), 7 days after instrumentation (S3), after 14 days the action of intracanal medication (S4), and 7 days after removal of the intracanal medication (S5). The antimicrobial activity and endotoxin content were analyzed for all collections. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests at a significance level of 5%. Results After instrumentation with CHX, there was complete elimination of E. coli and C. albicans, except for E. faecalis, which was significantly reduced and then completely eliminated after intracanal medication. There was significant reduction of endotoxin after instrumentation. Comparison of collection after instrumentation and intracanal medication revealed reduction of endotoxins in all groups; this reduction was greater in group Ca(OH)2 followed by the group GEN. Conclusion It was concluded that the instrumentation using CHX and intracanal medication used were able to eliminate the microorganisms from the root canal; the endotoxins were reduced, yet not completely eliminated. Clinical significance This study is important and relevant for searching alternatives during endodontic therapy, since it aims to study the effect of Zingiber officinale on microorganisms and endotoxins present in root canals. How to cite this article Valera MC, Oliveira SAC, Maekawa LE, Cardoso FGR, Chung A, Silva SFP, Carvalho CAT. Action of Chlorhexidine, Zingiber officinale, and Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Endotoxin in the Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(2):114-118.

scholarly journals Histopathological and histomicrobiological study of root canal therapy medication, comparison of calcium hydroxide versus gutta-percha with zinc oxide/eugenol in the teeth of dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Léslie M. Domingues-Falqueiro ◽  
Marco A. Gioso ◽  
João G. Padilha Filho
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Group I

The presence of microorganisms in dental structures with experimentally induced necrosis was evaluated. The materials were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and tissue repair efficacy. Four dogs were used in this experiment, with a total of 64 roots of premolar teeth, divided into three groups. The root canals of Group I were filled with gutta-percha and zinc oxide/eugenol cement; Group II were filled with calcium hydroxide, and Group III were not filled. All animals were clinically and radiographically examined 15 days after surgery andthen again every subsequent 15 days until 120 days, when the teeth were extracted en bloc.Histopathological analysis showed inflammatory infiltration, cement and bone resorption andnecrotic tissue in the apical delta in different proportions. Histomicrobiological analysis showedthe presence of microorganisms inside the teeth structures, with different concentrationsaccording to the treatment used. There was statistical significance between the groups(p>0.05). Gutta-percha with zinc oxide/eugenol demonstrated good antimicrobial activity;calcium hydroxide was not efficient. The conclusion of this study is that gutta-percha withzinc oxide/eugenol is the better protocol for filling root canals in dogs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and pH of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Intracanal Medication and Association with Chlorhexidine

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
Juliane M Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽  
Gisele Faria ◽  
Alana Souza Aguiar ◽  
Renato Toledo Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Direct Contact Test

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate pH and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods The following pastes were analyzed: Ca(OH)2/ZnO micro, (2) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano, (3) Ca(OH)2/ ZnO micro + 0.4% chlorhexidine, (4) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano + 0.4% chlorhexidine. Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was evaluated by agar diffusion test. The direct contact test on planktonic cells of E. faecalis was performed for 30 and 60 seconds. Root canals from bovine teeth were filled with the pastes and pH was evaluated after 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days. The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test, with a 5% significance level. Results Calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nano, and the pastes with 0.4% chlorhexidine were more effective in agar diffusion test. In the direct contact test, the pastes with chlorhexidine showed the highest effect after 30 seconds. All pastes eliminated E. faecalis after 60 seconds. All pastes promoted an increase in pH. The highest increase in pH was observed with nanoparticle medications after 1 and 7 days (p < 0.05). After this period, the pastes presented similar pH increase. Conclusion It was concluded that calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles promoted greater initial alkalinization. The antimicrobial activity of the pastes against E. faecalis is favored by the association with chlorhexidine. Clinical significance Although nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide promoted antibacterial effect, the activity against E. faecalis is favored by association with chlorhexidine. How to cite this article Aguiar AS, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G, Leonardo RT, Tanomaru-Filho M. Antimicrobial Activity and pH of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Intracanal Medication and Association with Chlorhexidine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):624-629.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide in reducing bacterial load comparing with chemo-mechanical preparation- A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SaiSiva Naga GayathriNaidu ◽  
B Vikram Simha ◽  
Koka Krishna Mohan ◽  
Rammohan Modem ◽  
Kommineni Harish Chowdary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To determine and compare to what extent the intra-canal medicament like calcium hydroxide along with chemo-mechanical preparation reduces the bacterial load in infected root canals. Methodology: PubMed Cental, Medline, Google Scholar and hand search was carried out using the keywords calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) , intra-canal medicament(ICM) and chemo-mechanical preparation. Selection Criteria: Clinical trials in which bacterial samples were evaluated at 3 intervals (Baseline, after chemo-mechanical preparation, after dressing with intra canal medicament ICM and trials which use Ca(OH)2 with any vehicle as ICM, but not compared with any other ICM were selected for this review. The data collection form was customized. The primary outcome measures were reduction of bacterial populations in infected root canals. Results: Seven clinical trials that met all inclusion criteria involving 117 participants were reviewed. Included studies showed significant difference in bacterial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation and placement of Ca(OH)2 dressing for a week. In all included trials, Ca(OH)2 reduced bacterial load further compared with chemo-mechanical preparation. Conclusion: Ca(OH)2 as an inter-appointment medication promoted further decrease in the bacterial bioburden to levels significantly below those achieved by the chemo-mechanical procedures alone. Intra-canal medicament such as Ca(OH)2 should be considered for bacterial reduction along with chemo-mechanical preparation for long term success. Key Words: Intra-canal medicament, calcium hydroxide, Root canal treatment, bacterial load, Pulpitis

scholarly journals Effects of Ultrasound on Zinc Oxide/Vermiculite/Chlorhexidine Nanocomposite Preparation and Their Antibacterial Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Čech Barabaszová ◽  
Sylva Holešová ◽  
Kateřina Šulcová ◽  
Marianna Hundáková ◽  
Barbora Thomasová
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Microbial infection and biofilm formation are both problems associated with medical implants and devices. In recent years, hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites based on clay minerals have attracted significant attention due to their application potential in the field of antimicrobial materials. Organic drug/metal oxide hybrids exhibit improved antimicrobial activity, and intercalating the above materials into the interlayer of clay endows a long-term and controlled-release behavior. Since antimicrobial activity is strongly related to the structure of the material, ultrasonic treatment appears to be a suitable method for the synthesis of these materials as it can well control particle size distribution and morphology. This study aims to prepare novel, structurally stable, and highly antimicrobial nanocomposites based on zinc oxide/vermiculite/chlorhexidine. The influence of ultrasonic treatment at different time intervals and under different intercalation conditions (ultrasonic action in a breaker or in a Roset’s vessel) on the structure, morphology, and particle size of prepared hybrid nanocomposite materials was evaluated by the following methods: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, carbon phase analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, specific surface area measurement, particle size analysis, and Zeta potential analysis. Particle size analyses confirmed that the ultrasonic method contributes to the reduction of particle size, and to their homogenization/arrangement. Further, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that ultrasound intercalation in a beaker helps to more efficiently intercalate chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CH) into the vermiculite interlayer space, while a Roset’s vessel contributed to the attachment of the CH molecules to the vermiculite surface. The antibacterial activity of hybrid nanocomposite materials was investigated on Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) bacterial strains by finding the minimum inhibitory concentration. All hybrid nanocomposite materials prepared by ultrasound methods showed high antimicrobial activity after 30 min, with a long-lasting effect and without being affected by the concentration of the antibacterial components zinc oxide (ZnO) and CH. The benefits of the samples prepared by ultrasonic methods are the rapid onset of an antimicrobial effect and its long-term duration.

scholarly journals Effect of EDTA and QMIX Ultrasonic Activation on the Reduction of Microorganisms and Endotoxins in Ex Vivo Human Root Canals

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Souza Matos ◽  
Rayana Duarte Khoury ◽  
Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
Frederico Canato Martinho ◽  
Eduardo Bresciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Lal Assay ◽  
Endotoxin Content ◽  
Culture Procedure

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.

scholarly journals Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rodolfo Bolfoni ◽  
Marcelo dos Santos Ferla ◽  
Otávio da Silva Sposito ◽  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Rogério de Castilho Jacinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Period Data

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.

scholarly journals Influence of calcium hydroxide points on the quality of intracanal dressing filling

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Mello Rahde ◽  
José Antonio Poli Figueiredo ◽  
Elias Pandonor Motcy Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the quality of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste filling (Ultracal, Ultradent) associated or not with Ca(OH)2-containing gutta-percha points (Calcium Hydroxide Plus PointsTM, Roeko) in curved root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty roots of extracted human teeth, randomly divided into three curvature ranges (mild - 0 to 14º; moderate - 15º to 29º; severe - >30º) were used. After chemomechanical preparation, the roots were assigned to 4 groups (n=30), according to the technique of intracanal dressing placement: group 1 - Ca(OH)2 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral; group 2 - Ca(OH)2 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral and a Ca(OH)2 point was inserted into the canal; group 3 - Ca(OH)2 paste was applied with a NavitipTM tip (supplied with Ultracal system); group 4 - Ca(OH)2 paste was applied with a NavitipTM tip and a Ca(OH)2 point was inserted into the canal. The roots were cleared and the quality of apical third filling was assessed by a calibrated experienced examiner. The specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy and scored 1 to 4 (i.e., from inadequate to complete root canal filling). The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the curvature degrees in groups 1, 3 and 4. Severely curved roots in group 2 presented bordering significance (p=0.05). The groups that associated the use of Ca(OH)2 paste and points (2 and 4) showed better apical filling than the other groups, but this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) only for roots with severe curvature. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the curvature degree did not influence the quality of filling. The techniques that used Ca(OH)2-containing gutta-percha points yielded better filling of the apical third in roots with severe curvature.

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