scholarly journals POWER-KNOWLEDGE RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL ECOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE LEFF
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Open Dialogue

Abstract The current environmental crisis calls for thinking about the state of the world: the thermodynamic-ecological and symbolic-cultural conditions of organic and human life on the planet. In this regard, it stresses the need to realize the unawareness and life’s unsustainability that humanity has created. In this text I discuss and take a stand about some of the concepts and founding and constitutive research lines of political ecology. In this way I pretend to open dialogue by placing in context some of the principles, ideas, and founding viewpoints of political ecology in Latin America and contrasting them with those from the English-speaking school of thought. I intend not only to establish a political socio-geography, but to question the epistemic core of political ecology, and to stimulate a more cosmopolitan critical thinking in order to be able to face the hegemonic powers that lead the world into social and environmental decay

KEY ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN THE WORLD AND TO THE MODERN SOVERUM UKRAINE: A JOINT AND PERSONALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Оlena Fedorіvna Caracasidi
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Key Aspects

The article deals with the fundamental, inherent in most of the countries of the world transformation of state power, its formation, functioning and division between the main branches as a result of the decentralization of such power, its subsidiarity. Attention is drawn to the specifics of state power, its func- tional features in the conditions of sovereignty of the states, their interconnec- tion. It is emphasized that the nature of the state power is connected with the nature of the political system of the state, with the form of government and many other aspects of a fundamental nature.It is analyzed that in the middle of national states the questions of legitima- cy, sovereignty of transparency of state power, its formation are acutely raised. Concerning the practical functioning of state power, a deeper study now needs a problem of separation of powers and the distribution of power. The use of this principle, which ensures the real subsidiarity of the authorities, the formation of more effective, responsible democratic relations between state power and civil society, is the first priority of the transformation of state power in the conditions of modern transformations of countries and societies. It is substantiated that the research of these problems will open up much wider opportunities for the provi- sion of state power not as a center authority, but also as a leading political structure but as a power of the people and the community. In the context of global democratization processes, such processes are crucial for a more humanistic and civilized arrangement of human life. It is noted that local self-government, as a specific form of public power, is also characterized by an expressive feature of a special subject of power (territorial community) as a set of large numbers of people; joint communal property; tax system, etc.

scholarly journals Johan Vilhelm Snellman’s–Finnish Philosopher, Writer, Diplomat–Statement “Science Centers for All”

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Abdullah Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Science Centers ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One

“Go to temples of science and ideas of Europe. Imitate the Tugendbund, ‘the Union of Virtue’, of which thousands of German youth are the members. Always keep the rule of ‘Fit soul is in fit body’ in mind” (Petrov, 2013, p. 72). This study aimed to show the similarities, in terms of expression, emphasis, and implication, in the about/mission/vision/goals/objectives of various science centers from around the world and in the basic themes derived from Snellman’s statement above, namely, Science for all, Science Centers for all, and Human welfare that he made as a challenge to not only his people but to everyone. Document and content analyses were applied in the study. Within the scope of these analyses, this study investigated the about/mission/vision/goals/objectives sections of websites of science centers from around the world (Asia, Europe, Global, Latin America/The Caribbean, North America, Africa). From this investigation, similar basic themes, derived from Snellman’s statement challenging his people/everyone to adopt this devotion to science, were found in the areas of i) expression in ASTC, CIMUSET/CSTM, CASC and SAASTEC; ii) emphasis in ECSITE, ASDC, ASCN and NSCF; and iii) implication in ASPAC, ASTEN, NCSM, ABCMC and Red-POP. These basic themes, as found in the about/mission/vision/goals/objectives of science centers, can, in effect, be narrowed down to the one theme of “cultural institutions will be a big part of human life” (Madsen 2017, p. 68) science centers in the global village (Touraine, 2016, p. 121) of the future.

Fear and Loathing in Central America

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Russell Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
The State ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Economic Action ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The World

This chapter begins with Nils Gilman's seminal essay “The Twin Insurgency,” stating that gangs aim to carve out de facto zones of autonomy for themselves by crippling the state's ability to constrain their freedom of economic action. It talks about gangsters in Latin America that took advantage of the vulnerability of the states they operated in to such a degree that they frequently became shadow powers. It also details how gangs terrorized their host societies, using corruption, extortion, and bullets as their weapons of choice. The chapter cites the statistics that emphasized that the most violent cities in the world were in Latin America, clarifying that the statistics were a result of the impunity enjoyed by the region's criminal organizations, primarily those with ties to the illicit drug trade. It discusses how drug gangs often served as the de facto administrator of social services in slums, where the state failed to provide much of anything.

The Vatican, Latin America, and Jerusalem

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Edward B. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
New City ◽  
State Of Israel

Viewed from its widest angle, the dormant but still unsettled question of the internationalization of Jerusalem is, in reality, a struggle between the Holy See and the Jewish state. Thus one protagonist will inform the United Nations that “the Catholic body throughout the world…will not be contented with a mere internationalization of the Holy Places in Jerusalem” and the other will proclaim to the Israeli Parliament that “for the state of Israel there is, has been and always will be one capital only, Jerusalem, the Eternal”. Since 1947 the Vatican has directed a campaign designed to make unmistakably clear to Israel and the UN that nothing less than the complete territorial internationalization of Jerusalem would be satisfactory; with equal steadfastness has Israel maintained her claim to sovereignty over the entire New City of Jerusalem.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS MOTOR VEHICLES AND THE STATE OF THE TRANSPORT-ROAD COMPLEX OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Anna Berezina ◽  
Yuriy Katul'skiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Car Park ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development

This article provides an overview of legislation in the field of regulation of emissions on the world stage, presents the data of the car Park of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the further development of the automotive industry.

scholarly journals Eksistensi Perjanjian Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kunarso Kunarso ◽  
A Djoko Sumaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The World

Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on all aspects of human life in the world, especially in Indonesia which is very large in area and has a large population (around 267 million people) with different kinds of professions. The purpose of this study is to focus on civil matters, with more emphasis on the problem of agreements that are influenced by Covid-19. The normative legal research method uses a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach to force majeure and describes an analysis (analytical descriptive). The results showed that the agreement in the state of the Covid-19 outbreak greatly influenced the implementation of the agreement set and agreed upon by the parties, because the agreement binds the parties, so the parties are subject to the contents of the agreement.

scholarly journals The origin of scientific activities and science in ancient timesBilimsel faaliyetlerin kökeni ve Eski Çağ’da bilim

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Sırrı Tiryaki
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The State ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times

The first inventions made by the first humans on earth to survive started the beginning of first scientific activities. The first instruments made of bone and stone are a product of this philosophy. The fact that human beings begin to lead a life based on settled life means the world science develops rapidly. Because the settled life enabled the establishment of villages and cities for world civilization and the commencement of trade. Along with all these things, concepts such as writing, books, literature, library, astronomy, mathematics, chemistry and physics began to enter into human life. The discovery of mining revealed the facts like armed soldiers, armies and states. Along with the concept of the state, scientific activities have become more systematic and more widespread. Because it is known that states supported scientific activities within their borders. For example, the creation of the writing by the Sumerian civilization, the preparation of textbooks, the development of the calendar, the development of medical science in Egypt, the invention of the compass by the Chinese civilization, the opening of the museum in Alexandria in the Hellenistic Age and the starting of the studies about anatomy in this museum, the opening of a three different educational institutions in Rome, were all happening as a result of the encouragement and support of the respective states. In this study, we tried to put forth that all the scientific activities in the Old Era the basis of the modern science as well.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetYeryüzündeki ilk insanların hayata kalabilmek için yaptıkları ilk icatlar aynı zamanda ilk bilimsel faaliyetleri başlamaktadır. Kemik ve taştan yapılan ilk aletler bu felsefenin bir ürünüdür. İnsanoğlunun yerleşik yaşama dayalı bir hayat sürdürmeye başlaması ise dünya biliminin hızla gelişmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Çünkü yerleşik yaşam dünya uygarlığı için köylerin ve kentlerin kurulması ve ticaretin başlaması demekti. Bütün bunların yanı sıra yerleşik yaşamla birlikte yazı, kitap, edebiyat, kütüphane, astronomi, matematik, kimya ve fizik gibi kavramlar insan hayatına girmeye başladı. Madenciliğin keşfi ise silahlı askerler, ordular ve devletler gibi olguları ortaya çıkardı. Devlet kavramıyla birlikte bilimsel faaliyetler daha sistematik hâle geldi ve daha da yaygınlaştı. Çünkü devletlerin kendi sınırları içerisinde bilimsel aktiviteleri teşvikleri söz konusuydu. Örneğin yazının Sümer uygarlığı tarafından icat edilmesi, ders kitaplarının hazırlanması, takvimin geliştirilmesi, Mısır’da tıp biliminin oldukça gelişmesi, pusulanın Çin uygarlığı tarafından icat edilmesi, Helenistik Çağ’da İskenderiye kentinde müzenin açılması ve bu müzede anatomi alanında çalışmaların başlatılması ile Roma’da üç farklı eğitim kurumunun açılması gibi konuların tamamı dönemin söz konusu devletlerinin teşvik ve destekleri sonucunda gerçekleşen olgulardı. Çalışmamızda Eski Çağdaki bütün bu bilimsel faaliyetlerin aynı zamanda modern bilimin temelini oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaya çalıştık.

scholarly journals Relevant in Times of Turmoil: WHO and Public Health in Unstable Situations

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Loretti ◽  
Xavier Leus ◽  
Bart Van Holsteijn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Surge Capacity ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The World

AbstractFor millions of people world-wide, surviving the pressure of extreme events is the predominant objective in daily existence. The distinction between natural and human-induced disasters is becoming more and more blurred. Some countries have known only armed conflict for the last 25 years, and their number is increasing. Recently, humanitarian sources reported 24 ongoing emergencies, each of them involving at least 300,000 people “requiring international assistance to avoid malnutrition or death”. All together, including the countries still only at risk and those emerging from armed conflicts, 73 countries, i.e., almost 1.8 trillion people, were undergoing differing degrees of instability.Instability must be envisioned as a spectrum extending between “Utopia” and “Chaos”. As emergencies bring forward extreme challenges to human life, medical and public health ethics make it imperative for the World Health Organisation (WHO) to be involved. As such, WHO must enhance its presence and effectiveness in its capacity as a universally accepted advocate for public health. Furthermore, as crises become more enmeshed with the legitimacy of the State, and armed conflicts become more directed against countries' social capital, they impinge more on WHO's work, and WHO must reconcile its unique responsibility in the health sector, the humanitarian imperative and the mandate to assist its primary constituents.Health can be viewed as a bridge to peace. The Organization specifically has recognised that disasters can and do affect the achievement of health and health system objectives. Within WHO, the Department of Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA) is the instrument for intervention in such situations. The scope of EHA is defined in terms of humanitarian action, emergency preparedness, national capacity building, and advocacy for humanitarian ^principles. The WHO's role is changing from ensuring a two-way flow of information on new scientific developments in public health in the ideal all-stable, all-equitable, well-resourced state, to dealing with sheer survival when the state is shattered or is part of the problem. The WHO poses itself the explicit goals to reduce avoidable loss of life, burden of disease and disability in emergencies and post-crisis transitions, and to ensure that the Humanitarian Health Assistance is in-line with international standards and local priorities and does not compromise future health development. A planning tree is presented.The World Health Organization must improve its own performance. This requires three key pre-conditions: 1) presence, 2) surge capacity, and 3) institutional support, knowledge, and competencies. Thus, in order to be effective, WHO's presence and surge capacity in emergencies must integrate the institutional knowledge, the competencies, and the managerial set-up of the Organization.

scholarly journals Islam and Ecology

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-256
Author(s):  
Akhtar Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
The Relationship

Islam and Ecology illuminates the issues of environmental change andhuman survival. The authors present the Islamic view of ecology basedon the Qur'an and the hadith. Each essay contains Qur'anic passages thatsupport the view that natural phenomena are important to humanity, forthey have been created by God. The book is valuable because it is basedon scientific knowledge and Islamic principles. While the book contributesmuch to understanding Islamic teachings on the environment, it doesnot contribute much to our understanding of ecological problems.The book is flexible, and the concepts with which it deals are presentedin a manner designed for quick comprehension. Each essay makesthe reader feel ethically obliged to follow these concepts, as it is madeclear that most of our actions are based on our understanding of the willof God, how we think the world works, and what we believe our role inthe world should be. The book's purpose is not to drown the reader withfacts, but to present and explore a small number of basic and useful concepts.Another aim is to illustrate how one can constantly strive to improveone's life in the light of the Sunnah, how God's dictates can illuminateideas, and how one can organize one's life in a meaningful way.Chapter one deals with Islam and ecology, the planet Earth, air andwater pollution, deforestation, and the relationship between humanity andanimals. It is stated that Islam teaches humanity to use what is needed accordingto the moral and ethical discipline laid down by the Creator.However, after a brief initial engagement, the author does not deal withthe facts of ecology and the merits of Islamic teaching in this area.254 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102Chapter two is analyzes Islamic ethics and the environment. Theauthor is shott on the environment, as he concentrates mainly on ethicsaccording to the Shari'ah and humanity's love for the components ofnatmc. He then discusses how people can perfect themselves if they followthe commands of God. The chapter is mtricted to ethical values anddeals only briefly with the envitonment. For some teason, the authordeemed it unnecessary to give historical incidents or quotations that showhow Muslims thinkers analyzed nature and how important it was to themto urge the proper use of environmental and natural mumes.The environmental crisis is an outward manifestation of a crisis ofmind and spirit. There could be no greater misconception than to believeit is Concerned only with endangered wildlife, man-made ugliness, andpollution. We recognize that the Earth's moumes and environmentalpmblems, as well as the possible solutions, ate interconnected in complexways that we ate only beginning to understand. With this recognition, andthe knowledge that we must seek God's guidance, it is hoped that peoplewill begin to understand and care a little more about natute.Chapter thtee is concerned with science within Islam. The author distinguishesbetween science within Islam and the scientific system basedon human thought and the belief that the physical universe is the onlyreality. He describes the methods and uses of science and claims that itis essential that science should ptaise the Creator-scientists must pmducea unity between religious practice and scientific education. The resultingprinciples will help humanity treat the environment with love, gratitude,and care, and will show it how to make the best use of the world'stesoutces. Based on this undemtandmg, it becomes an Islamic duty toconsetve and protect the world and its tesoutces. The author does not gointo the history of Muslim science in order to illuminate the methodsused in the natural sciences to interrelate nature and produce its meaning.However, some idea of the scope of the cutrent debate on environmentalproblems is given, which provides a new approach to the environment.Chapter four examines natural resources. Although the term "resource"is not defined, it documents the main Islamic principles and preceptsconcerning natural resources. The major focus is on land (dividedinto developed and undeveloped) and water, which fottn the necessaryelements for all human life and activity. Islamic land laws and the roleof animals and plants as natural nsowes are also mentioned. In myopinion, he should have explained that "mutces" does not refer to athing or a substance, but rather to a function that may be performed bya thing or a substance or to an operation in which it may take part to satisfya particular need . It in these areas that Islamic teachings ate morerelevant as a guide to achieving humanity's well-being. The contents ofthe chapter are useful and can be easily adapted to a community's needs ...

scholarly journals Trade Integration and Communication Networks in Latin America

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Roncagliolo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Process

Abstract: Over the last few years, academic discussions about the state of communications in the Americas, particularly those discussions taking place in the northern part of the continent, sometimes slide into one or more of the following misunderstandings: the provincialist view, which considers the entire hemisphere to be involved in a single process of trade liberalization, like the NAFTA; the overly simplified view, which assumes that the southern countries are a homogeneous group, from the point of view of cultural and technical vistas; the belief that there has been no effort to integrate these countries' communications; and the globalist view, which aims at forgetting the profound peculiarities which radically differentiate American communications from those of the rest of the world. Keeping in mind these traps and dangers, in this presentation I would like to specify that there exist not one but many processes of trade liberalization affecting the Americas; introduce a view of the internal complexity and heterogeneity of the region; enumerate prior Latin American attempts at communications integration, looking at materials and goals; and present three peculiarities which differentiate the region from the rest of the world. Résumé: Depuis quelques années, les discussions académiques sur les communications dans les Amériques, particulièrement celles ayant lieu dans la moitié nord de ces continents, s'empêtrent parfois dans un ou plusieurs des quatre malentendus suivants: la perspective "provincialiste", qui croit que l'hémisphère entier est en train de s'engager dans un seul grand processus de libéralisation d'échange, à l'instar de l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain; la perspective simpliste à l'excès, qui suppose que les pays du Sud sont homogènes, tant du point de vue culturel que technique; la croyance qu'il n'y a eu aucun effort d'associer les communications dans ces divers pays; et la perspective "globalisante", qui oublie les particularités profondes qui rendent les communications nord- et sud-américaines radicalement différentes de celles du reste du monde. Tenant compte de ces pièges et dangers, nous aimerions dans cet article spécifier qu'il n'existe pas qu'un seul processus de libéralisation d'échange touchant les Amériques, mais bien plusieurs; souligner la complexité interne et l'hétérogénéité de la région; décrire des tentatives antérieures en Amérique latine d'intégrer les communications, en se concentrant sur matériaux et objectifs; et présenter quelques unes des caractéristiques qui distinguent cette région du reste du monde.

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