scholarly journals LIMA BEAN ( Phaseolus lunatus L.) SEEDS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS AND TEMPERATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DAS GRAÇAS RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
EDNA URSULINO ALVES ◽  
MARIA LÚCIA MAURÍCIO DA SILVA ◽  
CAROLINE MARQUES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT Salinity problems are increasing in the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Thus, detailed studies of the region’s cultured crops, primarily salt-tolerant species, are important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the salt stress tolerance of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds at different temperatures. This study was conducted in the Seed Analysis Laboratory, Agricultural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Areia, PB, Brazil) by using seeds of four lima bean cultivars (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Rosinha, and Roxinha) in a randomized experimental design. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used as a solute for salt-stress simulation at the following concentrations: 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1; temperatures were maintained constant at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C. Germination and vigor tests were performed to evaluate the treatment effects (first count, germination rate index, seedling length, and dry matter). Germination rate of lima bean seeds increased in salt concentrations up to 9 dS m-1, and seeds of Roxinha cultivar exhibited the highest salinity tolerance. The development of lima bean cultivar seedlings was negatively affected at 35°C under high-salinity conditions.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Temperature, Soil Type and Soil Herbicides on Seed Germination and Early Establishment of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana RADIVOJEVIC ◽  
Marija SARIC-KRSMANOVIC ◽  
Jelena GAJIC UMILJENDIC ◽  
Dragana BOZIC ◽  
Ljiljana SANTRIC
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Early Establishment ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The effects of different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and photoperiod 26 °C/21 °C), types of soil (sand and loam) and soil herbicides (oxyfluorfen, terbuthylazine and mesotrione) on seed germination percentage, germination rate, as well as seedling length and weight of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) were examined. Over a period of ten days, germinated seeds were counted daily, and seedling length and weight were measured on the final day and germination rate calculated. The results indicated that temperature was the factor that significantly affected the percentage of germinated seeds of common milkweed, seedling length and germination rate, while it had less influence on seedling weight. The results showed that the alternating day/night temperature of 26 °C/21 °C also had a significant impact as the percentage of germinated seeds was the highest at that temperature on both soil types (sand: 71.3%; loam: 61.3%). Data regarding the herbicides tested (oxyfluorfen, terbuthylazine and mesotrione) showed decreasing germination percentage and seedling length with increasing herbicide concentrations on both soil types. Their effect was weakest on seedling weight. Tested herbicides are usable in control of common milkweed at the stages of germination and early establishment.

scholarly journals Vigor tests in seeds creole of Phaseolus lunatus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Maria Lúcia Maurício da Silva ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Caroline Marques Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Joelma da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality

Seeds with a good physiological quality are essential to high productivity. However, for some seeds, Phaseolus lunatus L., the viability and vigor analyze show deficiency in quality. This work aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of Phaseolus lunatus L. seeds using several vigor tests. The study was realized at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia – PB, Brazil. We used seeds from five cultivars of P. lunatus (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Cearense, Rosinha, and Roxinha). To determine the physiological quality, we measured the water content, the viability and vigor test (germination, emergence, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, first germination count and emergence, seedling length and dry mass). We used a completely randomized design for seeds evaluation, and the field test was performed in randomized blocks. The water content of P. lunatus did not differ among the cultivars, indicating a uniformity in the percentage of moisture. Also, the percentage and speed of emergency and the dry mass of seedlings did not differ among the varieties. The tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests indicated that Rosinha cultivar had the worst viability concerning the other cultivars, showing a low percentage of living tissue and lower electrical conductivity. The seeds of Roxinha cultivar had the better physiological quality, and the Cearense cultivar had the worst quality evaluation. We recommend the tetrazolium test but not the electrical conductivity test to evaluate the vigor of P. lunatus.

scholarly journals Feasibility in seed germination of Hypericum perforatum L. submitted at different temperatures and treatments with high dilutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 02-12
Author(s):  
Aline Nunes ◽  
Simone Silmara Werner ◽  
Mari Inês Carissimi Boff ◽  
Pedro Boff
Keyword(s):  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
R Software ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L

Background: Hypericum perforatum is used as a medicinal plant, mostly in antidepressant treatment. With endogenous and exogenous dormancy, more studies about the germination of the seeds are necessary. Aim: To evaluate the effect of temperature and of preparations of high dilutions on the germination of seeds of Hypericum perforatum. Methodology: Three bioassays were carried out in chambers of germination, using a completely randomized experimental design and in duplicate. In the first bioassay, of temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC was evaluated, with 20 replicates and 50 seeds in each replicate. In the second, the effect of high dilutions (Kali carbonicum, Natrum muriaticum, Phosphorus and Silicea terra in 12cH) using 4 replicates with 50 seeds each. In the third, Kali carbonicum was tested at 6, 12, 20, 30cH with 50 seeds and 4 replicates. The percentage of germination, germination rate index (GRI), average germination time (AGT) and seedlings with cotyledons. The data were analyzed through the R software at a 5% significance. Results: At the temperature of 25 °C, 63% of the seeds germinated while at the temperatures of 20 and 30 °C the percentage was 26% and 18%, respectively. In seeds treated with Kali carbonicum 12cH the germination rate increased significantly in relation to the control group. Kali carbonicum 6cH increased the GRI of the seeds, while at 20cH, it increased the AGT, showing delay in germination. Conclusion: The use of the Kali carbonicum assists in the breakage of dormancy and average time of germination in Hypericum perforatum seeds.

scholarly journals Accelerated Aging Test to Determine the Vigor of Mungbean Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Luciana Maria da Silva ◽  
Anderson Dias Vaz de Souza ◽  
Rogério Lámim Silva Junior ◽  
Natália Arruda ◽  
Nei Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The use of good quality seeds is fundamental for proper establishment of a crop. In this way, for more precise determination of seed quality, vigor tests are performed in addition to the germination test. These tests enable the selection of the best lots for commercialization and planting. This study evaluates the effects of temperature and exposure times of the accelerated aging test for vigor classification of mungbean seed lots. Seeds of the mungbean cultivar Esmeralda were used, being obtained from four cultivated plots at the State University of Goiás (UEG), Ipameri Câmpus, in the 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017 harvests. The lots were initially characterized using germination and vigor tests (first germination count, germination rate index, seedling length, and seedling fresh and dry weight). The accelerated aging test was conducted with a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of two temperatures (40 and 42 °C) and four times (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours), with four replicates of 50 seeds per lot. The lots showed significant differences in the germination test, first germination count, germination rate index, and seedling length. The accelerated aging test was efficient in classifying lots. Lot 3 obtained the best results, while lot 1 obtained the lowest ones. The combination of 42 °C temperature and 72 h of seed exposure to the accelerated aging test is the best to classify mungbean seed lots.

scholarly journals GERMINATION OF CREOLE MAIZE AND FAVA BEAN SEEDS UNDER SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
CARLA DE SOUZA ALMEIDA ◽  
HUGO ROLDI GUARIZ ◽  
MARÍLIA ALVES BRITO PINTO ◽  
MARINEIDE FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

ABSTRACT Salt stress negatively affects plant development, mainly in arid and semiarid regions, promoting changes in their physiology and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germinative potential of creole maize (Zea mays L.) and fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds under different salt stress conditions. The seeds were collected in rural areas of the municipalities of Guanambi, Candiba, and Brumado, which are within the Serra Geral region in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was used; the treatments consisted of three salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl) and four salinity levels (osmotic potentials of -0.3, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa). Seed physical analyses included moisture and purity, and physiological analyses included germination percentage, germination speed index, average germination time, and relative germination frequency. The storage of creole maize and fava bean seeds in plastic bottles and under adequate humidity ensures that seeds will have moisture content and physical purity within ideal values. Salt stresses induced by NaCl and CaCl2 salts at osmotic potentials of -0.3 to -1.2 MPa hinder the creole maize and fava bean seed germination, and their germination are null for both salts at osmotic potentials lower than -0.3 MPa. The creole maize and fava bean seeds show germination of 70% under salt stress induced by MgCl2 at osmotic potential of -0.3 MPa, making the germination of both species viable.

scholarly journals Lima Bean Growth, Leaf Stomatal and Nonstomatal Limitations to Photosynthesis, and 13C Discrimination in Response to Saline Irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Donald L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bean Yield

Soil salinization is a widespread problem severely impacting crop production. Understanding how salt stress affects growth-controlling photosynthetic performance is essential for improving crop salt tolerance and alleviating the salt impact. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is an important crop, but little information is available on its growth and leaf gas exchange in relation to a wide range of salinity. In this study, the responses of leaf gas exchange and whole plant growth of lima bean (cv. Fordhook 242) to six salinities with electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.9 (control), 5.7, 7.8, 10.0, 13.0, and 15.5 dS·m−1 in irrigation waters were assessed. Significant linear reduction by increasing salinity was observed on plant biomass, bean yield, and leaf net carbon assimilation rate (A). As EC increased from the control to 15.5 dS·m−1, plant biomass and A decreased by 87% and 69%, respectively, at the vegetative growth stage, and by 96% and 83%, respectively, at the pod growth stage, and bean yield decreased by 98%. Judged by the linear relations, the reduction in A accounted for a large portion of the growth reduction and bean yield loss. Salinity also had a significantly negative and linear effect on leaf stomatal conductance (gS). Leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and leaf C13 isotope discrimination (Δ13) declined in parallel significantly with increasing salinity. The A-Ci curve analysis revealed that stomatal limitation [Lg (percent)] to A increased significantly and linearly, from 18% to 78% and from 22% to 87% at the vegetative and pod-filling stages, respectively, as EC increased from the control to the highest level. Thus, relatively nonstomatal or biochemical limitation [Lm (percent), Lm = 100 − Lg] to A responded negatively to increasing salinity. This result is coincident with the observed Δ13 salt-response trend. Furthermore, leaf carboxylation efficiency and CO2-saturated photosynthetic capacity [maximum A (Amax)] were unaffected by increasing salinity. Our results strongly indicate that the reduction in lima bean A by salt stress was mainly due to stomatal limitation and biochemical properties for photosynthesis might not be impaired. Because stomatal limitation reduces A exactly from lowering CO2 availability to leaves, increasing CO2 supply with an elevated CO2 concentration may raise A of the salt-stressed lima bean leaves and alleviate the salt impact. This is supported by our finding that the external CO2 concentration for 50% of Amax increased significantly and linearly with increasing salinity at the both growth stages. Leaf water use efficiency showed an increasing trend and no evident decline in leaf chlorophyll soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings was observed as salinity increased.

scholarly journals Impact of storage conditions on seed germination and seedling growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) at different temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Gajic Umiljendic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The influence of seed storage conditions and different temperatures (5?C, 10?C, 15?C, 20?C, 25?C, 30?C and 26?C/21?C) during germination and seedling development on seed germination, shoot length and germination rate of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) was examined. Germinated seeds were counted daily over a period of ten days and shoot length was measured on the last day, while germination rates were calculated from those measurements. The results showed that seed storage under controlled conditions (T1: temperature 24?1?C, humidity 40-50%; T2: temperature 26?1?C, humidity 70-80% and T3: temperature 4?C) for periods of 3 (t1) and 12 (t2) months had a significant influence on germination of wild oat seeds. The percentage of germinated seeds under all examined temperatures was higher when they were stored for 12 months under controlled temperature and humidity. The results also showed that temperature had a significant effect on the percentage of germination and germination rate of A. fatua seeds. The highest total germination occurred at 15?C temperature (T1: t1 - 41.25%, t2 - 44.37%; T2: t1 - 28.13%, t2 - 34.37%; T3: t1 - 10.63%, t2 - 12.50%). Germination percentage under an alternating day /night photoperiod at 26?C/21?C temperature was higher in all treatment variants (T1: t1 - 8.13%, t2 - 10.00%; T2: t1 - 11.87%, t2 - 13.13%; T3: t1 - 2.42%, t2 - 2.70%) than germination in the dark at 25?C, 30?C and 5?C.

scholarly journals Beet seed priming with growth regulators

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dotto ◽  
Vanessa Neumann Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Salicylic Acids

Seed priming is a technique used to induce metabolic germination processes. Use of growth regulators in seed priming may facilitate increments in physiological processes during seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of priming and growth regulators on beet seed germination. The treatments were cultivar type (Early Wonder, Itapuã and Maravilha) and seed priming technique, which included a control (unconditioned seed) standard hydropriming (water) and a conditioning with salicylic, gibberellic and ascorbic acids, respectively. The treatments were defined by initially testing 0, 1, 2 and 4 mM ascorbic, gibberellic and salicylic acids. Before seed priming, imbibition seed curves were established to determine the optimal conditioning time. After conditioning, the germination, rate of germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. First, the appropriate dosage for conditioning was determined by using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications per cultivar. Then, a 3 x 5 (cultivar x conditioning technique) factorial design was adopted. Whenever the results were significant by variance analysis, regression analysis was performed. Finally, Tukey’s test was used to compare the means at P=0.05. Beet seed priming alters the potential of germination and is influenced by the cultivar and conditioning technique. Pretreatment with 1?2 mM ascorbic, gibberellic or salicylic acids, respectively, promotes beet seed germination, whereas at 1?3 mM, the growth of roots and shoots of beet seedlings is promoted. The most effective techniques to promote germination and growth of sugar beet seedlings were priming with water, salicylic acid or gibberellic acid.

scholarly journals Germination and growth of Fimbristylis miliacea biotypes resistant and susceptible to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
T. Dal Magro ◽  
L.C. Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Competitive Condition ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination And Growth

Weed biotypes resistant and susceptible to herbicides may have differences in their adaptive values. The aims of this study were to compare, under controlled and non-competitive condition, the growth analysis, germination features and seed weight of Fimbristylis miliacea (FIMMI) biotypes resistant and susceptible to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and in a laboratory from October 2008 to February 2010. Two resistant biotypes (FIMMI 10 and FIMMI 12) and one susceptible biotype (FIMMI 13) were used for the studies. For the study on growth analysis, the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications and sampled at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 69 days after emergence (DAE) and at flowering stage. For the studies on germination speed, germination and seed weight, the indexes for germination speed, percentage of germination at different temperatures and seed weight of the biotypes were determined. The results showed that the resistant biotype FIMMI 12 shows differences in all variables compared to the resistant biotype FIMMI 10 and compared to the susceptible biotype FIMMI 13, only for the evaluation at flowering. The susceptible biotype FIMMI 13 showed a higher germination speed index and higher germination rate when compared with the resistant biotypes. On the other hand, the resistant biotypes FIMMI 10 and FIMMI 12 showed higher seed weight.

scholarly journals Salt stress effects in the physiological quality of Cajanus cajan (L.) millspaugh seeds at different temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 47289-47294
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Salinity Levels

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh, known as pigeon pea, is considered a rustic legume, high-temperature tolerant, well adapted to environments with low water availability, saline, and low fertility soils. This study aimed to evaluate the germination and vigor of Cajanus cajan seeds under conditions of salt stress and different temperatures. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with treatments distributed in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme (salinity levels and temperatures), with four replications of 50 seeds. After determining the seed water content, the seeds were placed on germitest paper moistened with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions in concentrations of 0.0 (control); 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 and 10.0 dS m-1; Seeds were incubated in a B.O.D, at constant temperatures of 25 and 30 °C and alternating 20-30 ºC. The germination and vigor tests (first germination count, germination speed index, length and dry mass of roots and shots) were evaluated. An interaction between the salt concentration and temperature for all variables analyzed was observed, with a negative effect on the germination and vigor of Cajanus cajan seeds as the salinity levels increased. Salt stress simulated with NaCl reduced the germination and vigor of Cajanus cajan seeds, mainly when submitted to the temperature of 25 °C. However, the increase in NaCl concentration, up to the potential 10.0 dS m-1, was not high enough to impair seed germination.

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