scholarly journals Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Roldán ◽  
Yuri A. Cavero ◽  
Yrma A. Espinoza ◽  
Susana Jiménez ◽  
César A. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Toxocara in the general population of the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. From March to August 2008, a total of 300 subjects were sampled and tested by means of a Toxocara ELISA-IgG test. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to assess the symptomatology and risk factors associated with human toxocariasis. The overall rate of seropositivity was 35.66%, with a significant high proportion in children (p < 0.001). The clinical evaluation revealed that 95.33% of the seropositive group had some type of symptomatology: headache (66.36%), respiratory compromise (63.55%), abdominal pain (54.21%), cutaneous signs (40.19%) and ocular manifestations (36.45%), and almost all of them were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 56.07% of the seropositive subjects presented at least one intestinal pathogen parasite with predominance of helminthes, but without significant association (p = 0.334). The analysis of risk factors showed only that the use of public places and geophagia exhibited a significant association with the seropositivity (p < 0.001). Clinical, serological and epidemiological findings associated to infection with Toxocara were observed in the present study and future studies should be done to assess this serious health problem.

China’s Youth in NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training): Evidence from a National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Female Migrants

This study aims to understand the prevalence and characteristics of individuals aged 16 to 35 who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET) and the risk factors associated with being in NEET in China. The analysis uses the 2012 China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey to show that the NEET rate was 8 percent during the study period. Multilevel logistic regression indicates that women were more likely to be in NEET. Married women and female migrants had significantly higher risks of being in NEET, with migration having opposite effects for men and women. Education had protective effects against being in NEET, especially for women. Age had a nonlinear effect, with individuals aged 22 to 25 at the highest risk of being in NEET. I discuss implications for public policy and directions for future studies on NEET in China.

Incidence and risk factors for HPV-associated cancers in women with end-stage renal disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010
Author(s):  
Joan Han ◽  
Jennifer L Waller ◽  
Rhonda E Colombo ◽  
Vanessa Spearman ◽  
Lufei Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the majority of cervical, anal/rectal, and oropharyngeal cancers in women. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is also associated with an increased risk of malignancy, but the incidence of and risk factors for HPV-associated cancers in US dialysis patients are not defined. We queried the US Renal Data System for women with HPV-associated cancers and assessed for incidence of cancer diagnosis and association of risk factors. From 2005 to 2011, a total of 1032 female patients with ESRD had 1040 HPV-associated cancer diagnoses. Patients had a mean age of 65 years, were mostly white (63%), and on hemodialysis (92%). Cervical cancer (54%) was the most common, followed by anal/rectal (34%), and oropharyngeal (12%). The incidence of HPV-associated cancers in patients with ESRD increased yearly, with up to a 16-fold increased incidence compared with the general population. Major risk factors associated with the development of any HPV-associated cancer included smoking (adjusted relative risk=1.89), alcohol use (1.87), HIV (2.21), and herpes infection (2.02). Smoking, HIV, and herpes infection were prominent risk factors for cervical cancer. The incidence of HPV-associated cancers in women with ESRD is rising annually and is overall higher than in women of the general population. Tobacco use is a universal risk factor. For cervical cancer, the presence of HIV and herpes are important comorbidities. Recognizing risk factors associated with these cancers may improve diagnosis and facilitate survival. The role of HPV vaccination in at-risk dialysis patients remains to be defined but warrants further study.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Post-Seasonal Serological Titer and Risk Factors for Infection with the Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus in the French General Population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e60127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael Lapidus ◽  
Xavier de Lamballerie ◽  
Nicolas Salez ◽  
Michel Setbon ◽  
Rosemary M. Delabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Factors affecting colistin nephrotoxicity: Advanced age and/or other factors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugba Arslan Gülen ◽  
Ayfer Imre ◽  
Uner Kayabas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Creatinine Level ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Introduction: The population is aging and older adults comprise the majority of patients in intensive care units. Colistin (COL) has been reintroduced to treat increasingly common resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Our study aims to investigate the factors affecting colistin nephrotoxicity in the general population and geriatric age group. Materials and Method: This retrospective study included 170 patients, 116 (68.2%) of which were in the geriatric group (age ≥65). Acute renal failure was evaluated using the RIFLE score. Firstly, factors associated with COL nephrotoxicity in the general population were investigated. Then, risk factors for COL nephrotoxicity were evaluated in the geriatric patient group. Results: Advanced age (odds ratio [OR]=1.043; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.018-1.068; p=0.001) and initial serum creatinine level (OR=23.122; 95% CI: 3.123-171.217; p=0.002) were found to be independent risk factors associated with nephrotoxicity. In the evaluation of the geriatric population-based on nephrotoxicity, the initial serum urea and creatinine levels, immunosuppression, and overall mortality rates were found to be statistically significant in the group with nephrotoxicity (p<0.05). Initial serum creatinine level (OR=22.48; 95% CI: 2.835-178.426; p=0.003) and concomitant nephrotoxic agent use (OR=2.516; 95% CI: 1.275-4.963; p=0.008) were independent risk factors associated with nephrotoxicity in geriatric patients. Conclusion: Advanced age was found to be a risk factor for COL nephrotoxicity. Caution should be exercised especially in geriatric patients who have initial serum creatinine levels close to the upper limit, concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided and if possible, evaluation should be made in terms of non-COL treatment options in these patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis in a rural district of Pelotas, a city in southernmost Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6429108903
Author(s):  
Gilmar Batista Machado ◽  
Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto ◽  
Tanise Pacheco Fortes ◽  
Caroline Dewes ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Synanthropic Rodents

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In humans, the disease is responsible for more than a million cases annually. The purpose of this study was to assess human seroprevalence to leptospirosis in a rural community of southernmost Brazil. Furthermore, we assess possible epidemiological cues associated with seroprevalence. A total of 216 individuals were enrolled in the study. With an overall seroprevalence of 21.3% (n=46), to at least one of the 12 antigens tested. Seroreactivity was associated with 13 of the investigated cues, including those associated with the individuals, their behavior, environment, domestic animals, and synanthropic rodents. While seroprevalence was not particularly high when compared to other studies in similar populations, some of the risk factors associated with the disease are easy to circumvent, and indications for policymakers and future studies are made within.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and mortality: a retrospective cohort analysis with a nested case–control study identifying causes and risk factors from primary care and linkage-derived data

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e052841
Author(s):  
Gabriella Wojewodka ◽  
Martin C Gulliford ◽  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
Mark P Richardson ◽  
Leone Ridsdale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesPeople with epilepsy (PWE) have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Epilepsy-related deaths have increased despite all-cause mortality decreasing in the general population pre-COVID-19. We hypothesised that clinical and lifestyle factors may identify people more at risk.DesignWe used a retrospective cohort study to explore cause of death and a nested case–control study to identify risk factors.SettingWe explored factors associated with mortality using primary care population data from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2014. Data were obtained from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink which compiles anonymised patient data from primary care in the UK. Cause of death data was supplemented from the Office of National Statistics when available.ParticipantsThe analysis included 70 431 PWE, with 11 241 registered deaths.ResultsThe number of deaths within the database increased by 69% between the first and last year of the study. Epilepsy was considered as a contributing cause in approximately 45% of deaths of PWE under 35. Factors associated with increased risk of death included attendance at emergency departments and/or emergency admissions (OR 3.48, 95% CI 3.19 to 3.80), antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy (2 AEDs: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.71; 3 AEDs: OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.29; 4+AEDs: OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.23 to 3.08), status epilepticus (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.71), depression (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.76) and injuries (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.67). No seizures in the prior year (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.65).ConclusionOur results add to existing evidence that deaths in epilepsy are increasing. Future studies could focus on identifying PWE at high risk and addressing them with clinical interventions or better self-management. Identifying specific risk factors for younger people should be a priority as epilepsy may be a factor in close to half of deaths of PWE under 35 years of age.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii In Morocco And Palestine: General Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair Dardona ◽  
Safa Ben Alla ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi ◽  
Ali Boumezzough ◽  
Samia Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Underlying Risk

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite, which is commonly known to infect all warm-blooded animals. Almost 30 % of the world’s human population is infected with this parasite, though the infection varies depending on the region and ethnic group. Also, almost half of pregnant women in Morocco and one-third in Palestine have been infected with toxoplasmosis. Several studies have been conducted in order to estimate the prevalence of this parasite among pregnant women in Morocco and Palestine. However, studies revolving around the occurrence of this parasite among livestock and the environment in Palestine and Morocco are inadequate. This review will shed light on the underlying risk factors associated with the prevalence of this parasite by drawing on a comparison between the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in two different countries. It also intends on increasing the awareness and knowledge regarding this parasite among the general population. Nonetheless, Congenital toxoplasmosis as well as the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among women who have undergone abortion still need to be studied further, particularly in Morocco.

scholarly journals French national survey of dog and cat owners on the deworming behaviour and lifestyle of pets associated with the risk of endoparasites

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Roussel ◽  
Jason Drake ◽  
Juan Manuel Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Parasite Distribution ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Risk Categories

Abstract Background Endoparasites in dogs and cats are a concern related to pet health and zoonotic risks. Several determinants may affect the endoparasite transmission and infection of dogs and cats such as pet’s lifestyle or regional parasite distribution. Although different zoonotic endoparasites, such as Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp., have been identified in France, little information exists about the deworming behaviors of owners or the frequency of occurrence of risk factors associated with endoparasite infection or transmission. Deworming guidelines, such as those created by the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP), recommend a deworming frequency according to the risk of infection of every pet and the potential risk for zoonotic transmission. The objectives of this study were to explore how lifestyles of dogs and cats from France were related to a particular risk of endoparasites and assess whether deworming frequencies complied with ESCCAP recommendations. Methods French data were extracted from a database created during a recent European pet owner survey regarding endoparasitic infection risk. Dogs and cats were grouped into risk categories based upon the ESCCAP guidelines. The compliance between the actual and recommended deworming frequencies were explored among the regions surveyed. Results The majority of dogs and cats were older than 6 months, had outdoor access, had contact with children or elderly people, and lived in rural and town areas. Most of the dogs were in contact with other dogs, snails or prey (83%), and ate slugs, snails, grass or dug in the garden (68%). Likewise, most of the cats hunted outside (57%) and caught prey animals (52%). Consequently, most of the dogs (89%) and cats (53%) were considered to be in the highest-risk category (D). However, independent of the region, the average deworming compliance for dogs was poor (6%). While deworming compliance for cats in category A (low-risk) was excellent (94%), for cats in category D it was poor (6%). Conclusions Deworming compliance is needed to enhance pet health and reduce zoonotic risks. Future studies are warranted to thoroughly investigate the compliance and effectiveness of deworming protocols, and the risk factors associated with endoparasites in France.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document