scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis in a rural district of Pelotas, a city in southernmost Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6429108903
Author(s):  
Gilmar Batista Machado ◽  
Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto ◽  
Tanise Pacheco Fortes ◽  
Caroline Dewes ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Synanthropic Rodents

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In humans, the disease is responsible for more than a million cases annually. The purpose of this study was to assess human seroprevalence to leptospirosis in a rural community of southernmost Brazil. Furthermore, we assess possible epidemiological cues associated with seroprevalence. A total of 216 individuals were enrolled in the study. With an overall seroprevalence of 21.3% (n=46), to at least one of the 12 antigens tested. Seroreactivity was associated with 13 of the investigated cues, including those associated with the individuals, their behavior, environment, domestic animals, and synanthropic rodents. While seroprevalence was not particularly high when compared to other studies in similar populations, some of the risk factors associated with the disease are easy to circumvent, and indications for policymakers and future studies are made within.

Cervical insufficiency: a noteworthy disease with controversies

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Mengnan Li ◽  
Huijing Ma ◽  
Hailan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Losses ◽  
Recurrent Abortions

AbstractCervical insufficiency (CI) is a mainly disease leading to recurrent abortions and preterm birth which may present in about 1% of obstetric populations. Recurrent pregnancy losses caused by CI incur serious economic burdens on society as well as huge psychological burdens to family members. However, many patients even clinicians in some areas of the world still remain confused about this disease. At the same time, the etiology of CI is still uncertain and it is still a controversial disease in diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the potential risk factors associated with CI, which could be worthy of attention and helpful for future research. It also reviews the methods for diagnosis and treatment of CI to better understand this noteworthy disease, as well as presents the related consensus and controversies according to the newly updated guidelines, which has practical significance for conducting more in-depth investigations in the future.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

China’s Youth in NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training): Evidence from a National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Female Migrants

This study aims to understand the prevalence and characteristics of individuals aged 16 to 35 who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET) and the risk factors associated with being in NEET in China. The analysis uses the 2012 China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey to show that the NEET rate was 8 percent during the study period. Multilevel logistic regression indicates that women were more likely to be in NEET. Married women and female migrants had significantly higher risks of being in NEET, with migration having opposite effects for men and women. Education had protective effects against being in NEET, especially for women. Age had a nonlinear effect, with individuals aged 22 to 25 at the highest risk of being in NEET. I discuss implications for public policy and directions for future studies on NEET in China.

scholarly journals Vitamin C and the Lens: New Insights into Delaying the Onset of Cataract

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3142
Author(s):  
Julie C Lim ◽  
Mariana Caballero Arredondo ◽  
Andrea J. Braakhuis ◽  
Paul J. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Lens Physiology

Cataracts or clouding of the lens is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age and diabetes are major risk factors, and with an increasing aging and diabetic population, the burden of cataracts will grow. Cataract surgery is an effective way to restore vision; however, alternatives to cataract surgery are required to reduce the looming cataract epidemic. Since it is well established that oxidative damage plays a major role in the etiology of cataracts, antioxidants have been promoted as therapies to delay and/or prevent cataracts. However, many antioxidant interventions including vitamin C have produced mixed results as anti-cataract therapies. Progress has been made towards our understanding of lens physiology and the mechanisms involved in the delivery and uptake of antioxidants to the lens which may guide future studies aimed at addressing some of the inconsistencies seen in previous animal and human studies. Of interest is the potential for vitamin C based supplements in delaying the onset of cataracts post vitrectomy which occurs in up to 80% of patients within two years. These targeted approaches are required to reduce the burden of cataract on hospitals and improve the quality of life of our aging and diabetic population.

scholarly journals Etiology and biodistribution of enterobacteria and parasites, and their associated environmental risk factors among children under 5 years old with diarrhea in East-Central Gabon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolande MABIKA MABIKA ◽  
Sandrine Lydie OYEGUE-LIABAGUI ◽  
Franck Mounioko ◽  
Serge Ely DIBAKOU ◽  
Arnaud MONGO DELIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
East Central ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Better knowledge of endogenous germs and their associated demographic and environmental risk factors in a locality are essential to treat childhood diarrheal diseases. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize bacterial and parasitic pathogens responsible for childhood diarrhea, and to identify environmental risk factors associated with diarrhea in children under 5 years old living in Koula-Moutou, East-Central Gabon. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from May 2016 to February 2018. One-hundred and thirty-two (132) children under 5 years old were enrolled. The detection of pathogens in stool samples was performed using microscopic examination and MIF concentration for parasites, and conventional culture on selective media for enterobacteria. Results The prevalence of diarrheal pathogens was 46.1%, including bacterial enteropathogens (25.5%) and parasites (20.6%). A total of 228 pathogenic organisms were isolated, including 199 bacterial strains (87.3%) and 29 parasites (12.7%). The specific richness of the isolated enterobacteria was 24 species with a high prevalence of E. coli (39.8%), including 26.7% for the diarrheal cases and 13.1% for the controls. Twelve (12) parasite species were also isolated and the most common types of parasites were rhizopods (44.8%), which accounted for 37.9% of the diarrheal cases and 6.9% of the controls. Univariate analysis showed that the presence of watercourses (OR = 3.37) and domestic animals (OR = 1.65) were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Conclusion The findings show a high prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens but a low rate of parasites and bacteria-parasite co-infection in the study area. Risk factors associated with diarrhea among children under 5 years old were the presence of watercourses and domestic animals. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the routine examination of diarrheic stool samples for the diagnosis of pathogenic organisms. Further analyses are required to better understand the etiologies and risk factors associated with the transmission of bacteria and parasites in rural, semi-urban and urban regions of Gabon.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Gurunathan Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

scholarly journals French national survey of dog and cat owners on the deworming behaviour and lifestyle of pets associated with the risk of endoparasites

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Roussel ◽  
Jason Drake ◽  
Juan Manuel Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Parasite Distribution ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Risk Categories

Abstract Background Endoparasites in dogs and cats are a concern related to pet health and zoonotic risks. Several determinants may affect the endoparasite transmission and infection of dogs and cats such as pet’s lifestyle or regional parasite distribution. Although different zoonotic endoparasites, such as Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp., have been identified in France, little information exists about the deworming behaviors of owners or the frequency of occurrence of risk factors associated with endoparasite infection or transmission. Deworming guidelines, such as those created by the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP), recommend a deworming frequency according to the risk of infection of every pet and the potential risk for zoonotic transmission. The objectives of this study were to explore how lifestyles of dogs and cats from France were related to a particular risk of endoparasites and assess whether deworming frequencies complied with ESCCAP recommendations. Methods French data were extracted from a database created during a recent European pet owner survey regarding endoparasitic infection risk. Dogs and cats were grouped into risk categories based upon the ESCCAP guidelines. The compliance between the actual and recommended deworming frequencies were explored among the regions surveyed. Results The majority of dogs and cats were older than 6 months, had outdoor access, had contact with children or elderly people, and lived in rural and town areas. Most of the dogs were in contact with other dogs, snails or prey (83%), and ate slugs, snails, grass or dug in the garden (68%). Likewise, most of the cats hunted outside (57%) and caught prey animals (52%). Consequently, most of the dogs (89%) and cats (53%) were considered to be in the highest-risk category (D). However, independent of the region, the average deworming compliance for dogs was poor (6%). While deworming compliance for cats in category A (low-risk) was excellent (94%), for cats in category D it was poor (6%). Conclusions Deworming compliance is needed to enhance pet health and reduce zoonotic risks. Future studies are warranted to thoroughly investigate the compliance and effectiveness of deworming protocols, and the risk factors associated with endoparasites in France.

scholarly journals Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Roldán ◽  
Yuri A. Cavero ◽  
Yrma A. Espinoza ◽  
Susana Jiménez ◽  
César A. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Toxocara in the general population of the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. From March to August 2008, a total of 300 subjects were sampled and tested by means of a Toxocara ELISA-IgG test. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to assess the symptomatology and risk factors associated with human toxocariasis. The overall rate of seropositivity was 35.66%, with a significant high proportion in children (p < 0.001). The clinical evaluation revealed that 95.33% of the seropositive group had some type of symptomatology: headache (66.36%), respiratory compromise (63.55%), abdominal pain (54.21%), cutaneous signs (40.19%) and ocular manifestations (36.45%), and almost all of them were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 56.07% of the seropositive subjects presented at least one intestinal pathogen parasite with predominance of helminthes, but without significant association (p = 0.334). The analysis of risk factors showed only that the use of public places and geophagia exhibited a significant association with the seropositivity (p < 0.001). Clinical, serological and epidemiological findings associated to infection with Toxocara were observed in the present study and future studies should be done to assess this serious health problem.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Early Detection of Cervical Cancer by the IVA Method in Women of Childbearing Age In the City of Ternate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305-1320
Author(s):  
Hairudin La Patilaiya ◽  
Nursia Aja ◽  
Taufik Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background : Cervical cancer is one of the main problems in women's health in the world, including Indonesia. According to the 2018 Global Cancer Observatory from the World Health Organization (WHO), the most common cancer cases in Indonesia are breast cancer, which is 58,256 cases or 16.7% of the total 348,809 cancer cases. Cervical cancer (neck of the womb) is the second most common type of cancer in Indonesia, with 32,469 cases or 9.3% of the total cases. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with early detection of cervical cancer using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (IVA) ) in women of childbearing age in the Work Area of the Ternate City Health Center for Siko Treatment. Methods: This research is a quantitative analytic study with a cross sectional design. Data collection was carried out from December 2020 to January 2021. The population was all patients who underwent examinations at the Maternal and Child Health Polyclinic (KIA) at the Siko Care Health Center in Ternate City as many as 227 patients and a sample of 145 female patients of childbearing age from January to September 2020. Techniques sampling is simple random sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The research variable consists of the dependent variable, namely early detection of cervical cancer, while the independent variables are knowledge, husband's support, access to information and culture. Results: Shows that age (46.9%), knowledge of VIA (50.3%), attitude (55.2%), husband's support (52.4%), access to information (62.1%), culture (51.7%), Support Officer (48.3%), early detection of cervical cancer IVA method (55.2%), while the bivariate results include: Age (0.000, OR=19,011; CI=8.095-44,647), knowledge (0.001; OR=2.86; CI=1.563-18.367), attitude (0.000; OR=215.524 CI=53,456-868.955), husband's support (0.002; OR=1.448 CI=1.688-11.933), access to information (0.000; OR=2,294; CI=1,574-15,976), culture (0,003; OR=2,202 CI=1,648-10,717), health worker support (0,000; OR=27,111 CI;11,023-66,680). Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, husband's support, access to information and culture with early detection of cervical cancer against the IVA method. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the relevant agencies, namely the Siko Health Center, always improve health education to the community, especially mothers and husbands regarding early detection of cervical cancer through various media tools including leaflets, posters, flipcharts and other media. Through this counseling, it is hoped that the community will be more interested and understand the material presented more quickly

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