scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of unadapted sheep submited to sudden intake of melon with high levels of sugar

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo Alves Barrêto Júnior ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Leonardo Frasson Reis ◽  
Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
High Sugar Content

This study evaluated the clinical effects of two different amounts of melon, with a high sugar content, suddenly offered to unadapted sheep. Twelve rumem cannulated crossbred 8-months-old sheep , weighing 25 kg each, were used. These sheep had never been fed with food concentrated with sugar or fruits. The animals were kept in collective pens with a basal diet of roughage and then randomly divided into two equal groups. The sheep in the two groups received 25% and 75% of dry matter (DM) of the diet the crushed melon, administered by the rumen cannula. Physical examination and measurement of rumen fluid pH was performed at the following times: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The animals of G25% did not present clinical signs despite subacute acidosis expected after administration of the melon. However, in the G75%, sheep developed clinical manifestation indicative of lactic acidosis with rumen fluid pH lower than 5.0 from T6h, but did not present with dehydration. In sheep from G75 %, tachycardia was observed at 3 h and continued until the end of the study; tachypnea was also observed at 3 h, which was caused by increased abdominal circumference. Based on the results obtained, the supplementation of high amounts of melon (75% DM) in the diet is not recommended for sheep, although the use of 25% DM is safe. However, greater amounts of this fruit could be used in the diet of sheep with gradual adaptation to the substrate.

scholarly journals Effects of sudden melon intake on ruminal parameters of non-adapted sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽  
Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽  
Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽  
Rodolfo Gurgel Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
High Lactate

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of varying amounts of melon with high sugar content offered to sheep without prior melon experience and that were not adapted to consuming it. We used 12 eight-month-old, rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep weighing 25 kg each. The animals received a base diet of roughage, and then half were randomly selected to have 25% of their diet replaced with melon (G25%) and the other half had 75% of their diet replaced with melon (75%). Ruminal fluid was collected before administration of melon and at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the administration of the fruit. Sheep from the G25% group presented volatile fatty acid ruminal acidosis (sub-acute) between 3 and 6 h after consumption. This acidosis was characterized by a rumen pH slightly lower than 5.6, increased discrete L-lactic acid content, and increased redox potential (RP) and methylene blue redox (MBR) time of the ruminal fluid. The G75% group presented lactic ruminal acidosis at T6h, characterized by a rumen pH lower than 5.0, high lactate-L content, increased RP and MBR time, and increased ruminal fluid osmolarity. Therefore, offering large amounts of melon (75% of dry matter (DM)) is not recommended but 25% of DM of this fruit can be used safely.

Substitution of sorghum grain for molasses increases the liveweight gain of steers given molasses-based diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum grain was included in a basal diet of molasses (molasses 505, urea 21, sunflower meal 191, pangola grass hay 250, minerals 31 g/kg as fed) at rates of 0, 202, 391 and 707 g/kg, generating diets in which grain replaced 0 (diet A), 33 (diet B), 66 (diet C) and 100% (diet D) of the molasses and hay. The four diets were fed to groups of four Hereford steers (293–334 kg liveweight) over a 96-day period. One half of each treatment group was implanted with a growth promotant (zeranol), and all were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir at the end of the trial. The inclusion of 33% grain increased voluntary feed consumption, digestible dry matter (DM) intake (from 57·6 to 82·0 g digestible DM/kg0·75 per day and significantly increased liveweight gain from 592 to 900 g/day. Zeranol implantation also increased liveweight gain but not feed intake. Steers given only grain (diet D) had the highest liveweight gains (1127 g/day). The addition of grain to molasses diets decreased urinary N excretion and increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid. Molar proportions of propionic acid in total VFA increased from 0·15 to 0·20, and butyric acid decreased from 0·36 to 0·29 when 33% of the molasses was replaced by sorghum grain. The fat content (depth at sacral position) of the carcasses of steers given grain only (diet D) was significantly greater (14 mm) than that of steers given the basal diet of molasses (4 mm), and carcass fat contents were intermediate (10 and 11 mm) for steers given diets B and C respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of small amounts of grain in molasses-based diets increased cattle growth principally by increasing digestible energy intake without decreasing molasses intake, thus improving the efficiency of utilization of molasses in molasses-based diets.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

Increasing magnesium intakes in relation to magnesium absorption in dry cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Jittakhot ◽  
J Thomas Schonewille ◽  
Hugo Wouterse ◽  
Anton WJ Uijttewaal ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Earlier studies with temporarily isolated rumen of heifers show saturation kinetics of Mg efflux across the rumen wall. Therefore, we hypothesized that high Mg intakes would not further increase the rate of Mg absorption in cows. To test our hypothesis, six ruminally fistulated non-pregnant dry cows were given diets with different Mg concentrations in a 6×6 Latin square design. Desired concentrations of Mg were attained by adding MgO to the basal diet and the Mg concentrations in the total rations were 3·8, 6·4, 9·1, 11·8, 14·1 and 17·3 g Mg/kg dry matter, which provided Mg intakes of 27·1, 44·6, 64·6, 83·5, 100·4 and 124·3 g/d, respectively. Increasing Mg intakes were associated with increased (P<0·001) faecal Mg excretion. However, apparent Mg absorption expressed as g/d was not significantly different for Mg intakes from 100·4 to 124·3 g/d while Mg absorption expressed as a proportion of intake was not significantly different for Mg intakes ranging from 64·6 to 124·3 g/d. Mg concentrations in rumen fluid after feeding increased (P<0·001) with increasing Mg intakes. Apparent absorption of Mg appeared to become saturated at a ruminal Mg concentration of 17·5 mM (Mg intake of 83·5 g/d). Group-mean post-feeding concentrations of Mg and Na in rumen fluid were significantly correlated (Pearson's r=−0·96; P=0·003, n=6). This study showed that under conditions of practical dairy cow feeding, Mg absorption was maximal at Mg intakes [ges ]84 g/d.

Turnips with chemically-treated straw for beef production 2. Effect of turnips on the degradability of straw in the rumen

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThe nylon bag technique was used to determine the effects of offering to steers an allowance of turnips in a diet based on straw on the degradation of dry matter and acid-detergent fibre of the straw. Rumen-cannulated steers were offered basal diets of (a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated strawad libitum, (b) NaOH-treated straw plus turnips (50 g dry matter per kg W0·73) offered once daily or (c) turnipsad libitum. Samples of straw, treated with NaOH, anhydrous ammonia (NH3,) or untreated straw were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen along with each of the basal diets. Additionally molasses (66 g dry matter per kg W0·75) was infused into the rumen of the steers offered the NaOH-treated straw. Dry matter and fibre losses of straw from nylon bags were in the order NaOH-treated > NH3,-treated > untreated; there was no interaction (P> 0·05) between method of straw treatment and effect of basal diet on 40-h or 72-h dry matter or fibre degradability. Supplementation of the basal straw diet with either turnips or molasses depressed (P< 0·01) degradability of both dry matter and fibre of the incubated straw at 40 and 72 h, molasses infusion producing a greater depression (P< 0·05) than offering turnips. There was a fall in rumen fluid pH shortly after steers consumed their turnip allowance or molasses was infused into the rumen, minimum pH values were 6·09 ± 0·241 and 5·75 ± 0·205 respectively. The pH of rumen fluid and degradability of dry matter and fibre of barley straw were depressed by the presence of carbohydrates in turnips and molasses. A reduction in the activity of cellulolytic bacteria may have been the cause of the depression in straw degradability.

scholarly journals The result of using a haylage made of sandpaper in the diets of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Nikolay Morozkov ◽  
Galina Maysak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Perm Region

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of feeding by sainfoin haylage in the dry period (21 days before calving) and in the period of early lactation (50 days after calving) on the metabolic processes of dairy cows and the results of reproduction. The article gives the brief description of sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria Kit.) as a valuable feed protein crop that can be successfully cultivated in Perm region conditions. High sugar content in sainfoin forage was noted 4.86 %, which is 1.6 times higher compared with standard class 1 for legume haylage first class. Methods. Experiments for use of sainfoin haylage in feeding highly productive cows were conducted in 2018. Cows of the experimental groups received a diet including sainfoin haylage. Cows in the control group received 5 kg of poaceous grass hay as a fodder. The first experimental group got 50 % of forage dry matter as sainfoin haylage. The second experimental group received 100 % of forage dry matter as sainfoin haylage. Results. Hay replacing by equal dry matter amount of sainfoin haylage provided positive effect on immuno-biochemical parameters of cows blood. The protein content increased in the blood plasma of cows during the time of the experiment: in the second experimental group by 4.3 g/l (5.47 %, p < 0.01) and reached 82.80 g/l, in the first experimental group by 1.72 % (p < 0.05), in the control – by 2.28 % (p < 0.05). Feeding sainfoin haylage to cows had a positive effect on their reproductive functions. The service period for cows of the second experimental group was shorter by 8.1 days (9.28 %, p < 0.01) compared with the first experimental group and by 21 days (24.05 %, p < 0.05) shorter than in the control group. The scientific originality of the work is that for the first time the biochemical composition of sainfoin was studied thoroughly in Perm region and the results of sainfoin haylage feeding to animals were presented.

Milk production responses to turnips fed to dairy cows in mid lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
K. Martin ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Summary. Recently, many dairy farmers in Victoria have grown turnips as a summer fodder crop for lactating dairy cows. This paper reports on a 1 month experiment in which cows were individually fed indoors, and milk yield responses to feeding combinations of turnips and barley were measured. Forty cows in mid lactation were evenly allocated to 5 treatment groups. The control group were offered a basal diet of pasture hay and pasture silage which is similar to that available on many Victorian dairy farms during summer. Cows in the other 4 groups were offered the basal diet and various combinations of turnips and/or barley. Marginal milk responses from barley, turnips and a 50 : 50 mixture of turnips and barley were 0.62, 0.49 and 0.59 L/kg dry matter of supplement eaten. Milk composition of all groups was similar. Despite diets differing greatly in the proportions and physical form of dietary constituents, the mean milk production of each group was accurately predicted by their mean dry matter intake. Measurement of plasma minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) and rumen fluid pH showed that dietary treatments caused some significant (P<0.05) differences but all values were within the normal range. In this experiment, the milk production responses from barley, turnips and combinations of barley and turnips were similar. Since the cost of turnips is generally about half that of barley, it is concluded that turnips are an economic alternative to barley as a feed supplement for summer milk production.

Supplementary grain and sodium propionate increase the liveweight gain and glucose entry rates of steers given molasses diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Sorghum Grain

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplements of sorghum grain (1·1 kg/day), sodium propionate (65 g/day) and intra-abomasal glucose infusion (200 g/day) on the liveweight gain (LWG), glucose metabolism and nitrogen utilization of Hereford steers (four per group) given molasses-based diets ad libitum (molasses 589, urea 18, sunflower meal 194, pangola grass hay 187, minerals 12 g/kg as fed). There was no significant effect of treatment on voluntary feed consumption (97–106 g dry matter (DM)/kg0·75 per day) or DM digestibility (0·564–0·579). The LWG of steers given grain supplements (899 g/day) and sodium propionate (943 g/day) were significantly (P<0·05) higher than those of steers given the basal diet (741 g/day) and basal diet plus glucose infusion (794 g/day).All supplements decreased plasma urea concentrations and urinary N excretion and increased the efficiency of N utilization from 0·19 to 0·36–0·38 g N retained per g apparently digested N intake. The provision of grain (13% DM intake) increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid, and both grain and sodium propionate increased the proportion of propionic acid in ruminal VFA. Grain supplementation and glucose infusions significantly (P<0·05) increased glucose entry rates (g/day and g/kg0·75 per day) without affecting plasma glucose concentrations or glucose pool size and space. Sodium propionate supplements increased plasma insulin concentrations to a lesser extent than grain supplements and glucose infusion. Increased glucose availability in the present studies was associated with an improved utilization of dietary protein and, in some cases, with improved LWG.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING DRY FEED CONCENTRATE FOR FARM ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
S. K. Volonchuk ◽  
I. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. I. Rezepin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The Cost

The results of research on the justification of technology for obtaining feed concentrate for farm animals are presented. It was found that the use of subsurface whey in the process of obtaining feed molasses contributes to an increase in its sugar content in comparison with molasses obtained from acidified water according to the currently used technology, but increases the duration of the process and the cost of electricity. It has lower humidity due to the presence of dry matter in the serum. The duration of the process of obtaining molasses based on water is less due to the fact that the availability of the reaction mixture is higher than when obtaining molasses based on serum. Molasses with a high sugar content was used to produce the concentrate. It was mixed with bran in certain proportions: 1,5:1,0; 2,0:1,0; 2,5:1,0, which corresponds to the humidity of 40, 50, 60 %. Composite variants were dried at IR-radiation flux densities of 15, 17.5, 20 kW/m2. The dependence of the sugar content in the composite on its humidity and the density of the IR-radiation flux is established. Indicators of the feed value of the received product are determined. A flowchart for obtaining feed concentrate has been developed.

Feed intake and liveweight of cattle on subtropical native pasture hays. 2. The effect of urea and maize flour, or protected-casein

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
PJ Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Native Pasture

Twenty-five Hereford cattle, of both sexes and a mean liveweight (� s.e.) of 172 �5.6 kg were allocated randomly from stratified groups to five treatments in which urea (UR), urea plus maize (URM), urea plus maize flour and protected casein (URMFC) or protected casein alone (FC) were offered to individually penned cattle on a basal diet of native pasture hay (8.4 g N/kg dry matter (DM)) over 70 days. Rumen ammonia concentrations were low in cattle on the basal hay diet (mean � s.e.d.) of 17 � 10.0 mg N/L but were significantly increased (P<0.01) by a supplement of 280 g/head.day of protected casein (FC) to 70 mg N/L and increased further (1 68 mg N/L) when urea was included with maize (URM) in the treatment. Volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were increased (P<0.05) only by URM which also resulted in higher (P< 0..01) molar proportions of propionic acid. All treatments increased (P< 0.01) the hay intake of cattle during the study with the exception of URM, which was based on a high rate of feeding (400 g/day) of maize flour. Liveweight change of cattle was increased (P<0.01) by urea (UR) and maize flour (URM) to 290 and 340 � 56 g/head.day respectively. Higher (P< 0.01) liveweight gains were recorded when protected casein was included in the diet (URMFC, FC), being 550 and 600 g/head.day respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the scope for improving the efficiency of gain in cattle on a low quality grass hay by including low rumen-degradable proteins as a supplement to grass hays.

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