scholarly journals A first-year dornase alfa treatment impact on clinical parameters of patients with cystic fibrosis: the Brazilian cystic fibrosis multicenter study

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rozov ◽  
Fernando Antônio A. e Silva ◽  
Maria Angélica Santana ◽  
Fabíola Villac Adde ◽  
Rita Heloisa Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Dornase Alfa ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽  
One Year

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical impact of the first year treatment with dornase alfa, according to age groups, in a cohort of Brazilian Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS: The data on 152 eligible patients, from 16 CF reference centers, that answered the medical questionnaires and performed laboratory tests at baseline (T0), and at six (T2) and 12 (T4) months after dornase alfa initiation, were analyzed. Three age groups were assessed: six to 11, 12 to 13, and >14 years. Pulmonary tests, airway microbiology, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, emergency and routine treatments were evaluated. Student's t-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance were used when appropriated. RESULTS: Routine treatments were based on respiratory physical therapy, regular exercises, pancreatic enzymes, vitamins, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. In the six months prior the study (T0 phase), hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations occurred in 38.0, 10.0 and 61.4% in the three age groups, respectively. After one year of intervention, there was a significant reduction in the number of emergency room visits in the six to 11 years group. There were no significant changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (VEF1), in forced vital capacity (FVC), in oxygen saturation (SpO2), and in Tiffenau index for all age groups. A significant improvement in Shwachman-Kulczychi score was observed in the older group. In the last six months of therapy, chronic or intermittent colonization by P. aeruginosa was detected in 75.0, 71.4 and 62.5% of the studied groups, respectively, while S. aureus colonization was identified in 68.6, 66.6 and 41.9% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with dornase alfa promoted the maintenance of pulmonary function parameters and was associated with a significant reduction of emergency room visits due to pulmonary exacerbations in the six to 11 years age group, with better clinical scores in the >14 age group, one year after the intervention.

scholarly journals Variation in treatment preferences of pulmonary exacerbations among Australian and New Zealand cystic fibrosis physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000956
Author(s):  
Grace Currie ◽  
Anna Tai ◽  
Tom Snelling ◽  
André Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Dornase Alfa ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Professional Opinion ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations

BackgroundDespite advances in cystic fibrosis (CF) management and survival, the optimal treatment of pulmonary exacerbations remains unclear. Understanding the variability in treatment approaches among physicians might help prioritise clinical uncertainties to address through clinical trials.MethodsPhysicians from Australia and New Zealand who care for people with CF were invited to participate in a web survey of treatment preferences for CF pulmonary exacerbations. Six typical clinical scenarios were presented; three to paediatric and another three to adult physicians. For each scenario, physicians were asked to choose treatment options and provide reasons for their choices.ResultsForty-nine CF physicians (31 paediatric and 18 adult medicine) participated; more than half reported 10+ years of experience. There was considerable variation in primary antibiotic selection; none was preferred by more than half of respondents in any scenario. For secondary antibiotic therapy, respondents consistently preferred intravenous tobramycin and a third antibiotic was rarely prescribed, except in one scenario describing an adult patient. Hypertonic saline nebulisation and twice daily chest physiotherapy was preferred in most scenarios while dornase alfa use was more variable. Most CF physicians (>80%) preferred to change therapy if there was no early response. Professional opinion was the most common reason for antibiotic choice.ConclusionsVariation exists among CF physicians in their preferred choice of primary antibiotic and use of dornase alfa. These preferences are driven by professional opinion, possibly reflecting a lack of evidence to base policy recommendations. Evidence from high-quality clinical trials is needed to inform physician decision making.

scholarly journals One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Iván Area ◽  
Henrique Lorenzo ◽  
Pedro J. Marcos ◽  
Juan J. Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Life Table of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia [Struktur Populasi dan Tabel Hidup Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Tati Suryati Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Recruitment Time

AbstractDog Conch (Strombus turturella) has an essential economic value in Bangka Belitung Islands. Allegedly, the population of Dog Conch is decreasing due to overexploitation. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the distribution of long frequency, growth pattern, age group, recruitment time estimation and life table of Dog Conch. This research took place on the coast of Tukak Village and Anak Air Island, Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of Dog Conch were taken using 3x3 m2 square. The shell length of Dog Conch found ranged between 18.18 to 77.49 mm, consisting of three age groups. Asymptotic length value (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and theoretical age on zero-length (t0) were 83.94 mm, 0.79/year and -0.152 sequentially. In the first year, Dog Conch grows to 50.18 mm and slows down when it grows older until it is 13 years old. The proportion of high mortality rate was at 1 to 2 years old and 3 to 4 years old or in adult individuals, while the highest life expectancy rate was in the age group of 0-1-year old or young individuals. It indicated that the high mortality rate was in the group in which people use to consume or sell in the marketsAbstrakSiput gonggong (Strombus turturella) memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Diduga populasi siput gonggong semakin menurun akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait distribusi frekuensi panjang, pola pertumbuhan, kelompok umur, estimasi waktu rekruitmen dan tabel hidup siput gonggong. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesisir Desa Tukak dan Pulau Anak Air, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 3x3 m2. Panjang cangkang siput gonggong yang ditemukan berkisar antara 18.18 s.d 77.49 mm yang terdiri atas 3 kelompok umur. Nilai panjang asymptotic (L∞), koefisien pertumbuhan (K) dan umur teoritis ketika panjang sama dengan nol (t0) adalah 83.94 mm, 0.79/tahun dan -0.152 secara berurutan. Pada tahun pertama siput gonggong mengalami pertumbuhan, mencapai 50.18 mm dan melambat ketika umur semakin tua hingga umur 13 tahun. Proporsi laju kematian tinggi terdapat pada umur 1 s.d 2 tahun dan 3 s.d 4 tahun atau pada individu dewasa, sedangkan nilai harapan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun atau individu muda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur yang telah diambil oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan dijual ke pasaran.

scholarly journals BODY MASS INDEX AND ALBUMIN LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN PEDIATRIC SUBJECTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Miriam Isabel Souza dos Santos Simon ◽  
Gabriele Carra Forte ◽  
Paulo José Cauduro Marostica
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and albumin with pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) pediatric subjects. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with clinically stable CF’s subjects. Clinical (pulmonary function) and nutritional evaluation (body mass index and albumin) were performed. Univariate analysis was performed using simple linear correlations. Regression analysis was performed using an exit level of p<0.05. Results: Seventy-eight CF’s subjects (mean age 12.8±3.8 years) with mean albumin 4.2±0.4 mg/dL, predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) 80.8±22.6 and BMI median percentile 51.2 (1.3-97.7). In the multiple regression models, albumin, age and BMI percentile were associated with pulmonary function. Subjects with lower than 25 BMI percentile had 12.2% lower FEV1%. An albumin increase of 0.1 mg was associated with 2.7% increase in predicted FEV1%, and one year increase in age was associated with reduction in 1.2% of predicted FEV1%. Conclusions: BMI percentile, albumin and age were independently associated with predicted FEV1% in a tertiary referral hospital.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Cattle with Reproductive Problems in Sudan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghafar M. Elfahal ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Khalid A. Enan ◽  
Azza B. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warm-blooded animals in most parts of the world. The disease is common among sheep and goats and it is recognized as one of the major causes of reproductive failure in these animals. Cattle, on the other hand, can be infected, but abortion or perinatal mortality has not been recorded. This survey was carried out to study the prevalence of this disease in cattle in Khartoum and Gazira States (Sudan). 181 sera samples collected from dairy cattle with reproductive problems were assayed for antibodies to T. gondii by ELISA. The prevalence rate of T. gondii antibodies in cattle at herd level was 44.8% (13/29). Herd level infection rates were 50% and 33.3% in Khartoum and Gazira States, respectively. The overall prevalence of T. gondii at individual level in both states was 13.3% (24/181). The prevalence was 12.7% (17/134), was 14.9% (7/47) in Khartoum and Gazira State, respectively. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the age group less than one year old (36.4%) than in other age groups and in males (30.8%) than in females (11.9%) while no significant relationship was discerned regarding breed, location, season, or signs of reproductive disease.

Quality of life in young men after radical prostatectomy: Results from the CaPSURE registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4576-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wright ◽  
D. W. Lin ◽  
J. E. Cowan ◽  
J. Duchane ◽  
P. R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
One Year

4576 Background: Over the past two decades, the age at diagnosis and treatment of men with prostate cancer (CaP) has steadily declined. Previous work suggests that younger men have similar or improved pathologic and clinical outcomes compared to older men. The literature on quality of life (QOL) following local treatment for CaP has primarily focused on comparing treatment modalities rather than specific age groups. This analysis explored QOL outcomes in younger men following primary curative treatment for localized prostate cancer. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected cohort from the CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor) registry. Men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized disease and completed the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (PCI) pre- and one-year post-surgery were identified. Men were grouped based on age (< 55, 55–64, ≥ 65 years). A severe decline in PCI domains from pre- to post-RP was defined as a decrease of one standard deviation from the pre-RP score. PCI scores were compared across age groups, and a multivariate model created to analyze the predictors of severe declines in PCI domains. Results: 1,143 men were identified, with 190, 526 and 427 men in the three age groups, respectively. Younger men had significantly higher mean scores one-year after RP in the urinary function (UF), urinary bother (UB) and sexual function (SF) domains of the PCI. The proportion of men with a severe decline in UF, UB and SF was not significantly different in the age groups (range 49–54%, 32–38%, 58–51% respectively). However, a severe decline in SB was more common in the youngest age group than in the oldest (54% vs. 36%, p < 0.01). With the youngest men as the reference group in the multivariate model, the oldest age group was 40% less likely to have a severe decline of SB (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.90, p = 0.04) but trended toward a higher risk of severe decline in UB (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.85–1.89, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Age predicts disease-specific QOL changes at one-year following RP. Younger men had significantly better mean UF, UB, and SF domain scores one-year after RP than did their older counterparts. Men < 55 years old are more likely than older men to experience a severe decline of sexual bother but trend toward a lower risk of a severe urinary bother. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

ENZYME HETEROZYGOSITY ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH AT DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN OYSTERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
One Year ◽  
Polymorphic Enzymes

Following our earlier reports on one-year-old oyster populations of Prince Edward Island (Singh and Zouros, 1978, 1981; Zouros et al., 1980), cohorts of three-year classes were studied from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Random samples of about 200 individuals from each year class were analyzed for four polymorphic enzymes. A number of generalizations emerged. There was a general deficiency of heterozygotes in the three age groups and this deficiency decreased with age (reflecting reduction in heterozygote deficiency). This suggests genotype-specific mortality during ontogeny. The deficiency of heterozygotes was more pronounced in slower growing, lighter individuals than in faster growing, heavier individuals. The number of heterozygous loci per individual was positively correlated with mean growth rate. The variance in weight was lower in heterozygotes; it decreased with increase in number of heterozygous loci in a given age group. Overdominance in growth rate appears to be the most plausible explanation for these observations.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Treatment for Progressive Keratoconus in the Pediatric and Adult Age Groups: One-Year Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Berhuni ◽  
Cem Ozturkmen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the short-term results of accelerated crosslinking (A-CXL) treatment for progressive keratoconus in the pediatric and adult age groups. Materials and methods: The records of the 62 eyes of 40 patients who had undergone the A-CXL procedure (9 mV/cm2, 10 min) for progressive keratoconus between January 2015 and January 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups as the pediatric group (aged 17 years or less) and the adult group (aged 18 years or more) for statistical analysis. Pre- and post- 12th month A-CXL best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), sim K1, sim K2, corneal thickness at the thinnest point (thCT), and corneal astigmatism (CA) values of the patient groups were recorded. Results: The 29 eyes of 16 patients were included in the pediatric group and the 33 eyes of 24 patients were included in the adult group. The mean age was 13.50±3.05 years in the pediatric group and 23.58±4.37 years in the adult group. A significant improvement in BCVA and a significant decrease in thCT values were present in both groups 12 months after the surgery compared to the preoperative period. A decrease was present in the Kmax, sim K1, sim K2 and CA values in the pediatric group, but was not statistically significant. The decrease in Kmax, sim K1 and sim K2 values compared to the preoperative period was significant in the adult group, but the decrease in CA values was not significant. When the two groups were compared at the end of 12 months, only the sim K1 value was significantly lower in the adult group, and there was no significant difference between the other measurements. Conclusions: Better visual acuity improvement, a higher flattening rate, and less progression occur after 12 months with A-CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus in the adult age group compared to the pediatric age group.

scholarly journals Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Cystic Fibrosis Children Treated for Pulmonary Exacerbations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Pollak ◽  
Michelle Shaw ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Melinda Solomon ◽  
Felix Ratjen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽  
Response Testing

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are associated with significant drop in pulmonary function. The clinical value of measuring bronchodilator (BD) responsiveness during treatment for PEx to monitor or predict recovery of lung function is unclear. Methods: A retrospective analysis of spirometry with BD response testing obtained during hospital admissions for PEx in pediatric CF patients. Repeated events were included for patients with BD testing during multiple admissions. Results: 249 spirometries with BD testing in 102 patients were completed around day 7 (day 4-10) of hospital admission for treatment of CF PEx. Median (IQR) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 70.6% predicted (58.1, 84.6) prior to the PEx event (best FEV1 in 6 months prior to admission), 54.4% (41.5, 66.9) at admission, 62.3% (48.4, 74.7) around day 7 of admission and 67.1% predicted (53.8, 78.2) at end of treatment. BD response around day 7 correlated poorly with FEV1 prior to PEx (r=-0.16, p=0.02), and did not correlate with recovery to baseline FEV1 at end of treatment (r=0.08, p=0.22). Only 23/249 (9%) patients had a BD response of ≥12 % and 200 ml. BD response was not related to age or severity of lung disease and led to an immediate change in clinical management in only 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: BD response in CF patients treated for PEx is poorly correlated with baseline pulmonary function and does not correlate with recovery of FEV1 with treatment. These data suggest that routine testing for BD response is not indicated during PEx.

scholarly journals Changes in antidepressant use in Australia: A nationwide analysis prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Malcolm B. Gilles ◽  
Andrea L Schaffer ◽  
David Peiris ◽  
Helga Zoega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Background: Depression and anxiety affect 4% to 14% of Australians every year; symptoms may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined recent patterns of antidepressant use in Australia in the period 2015 to 2021, which includes the first year of the pandemic. Methods: We used national dispensing claims for people aged ≥10 years to investigate annual trends in prevalent and new antidepressant use (no antidepressants dispensed in the year prior). We conducted stratified analyses by sex, age group and antidepressant class. We report outcomes from 2015 to 2019 and used time series analysis to quantify changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to February 2021). Results: In 2019 the annual prevalence of antidepressant use was 170.4 per 1,000 women and 101.8 per 1,000 men, an increase of 7.0% and 9.2% from 2015, respectively. New antidepressant use also increased for both sexes (3.0% for women and 4.9% for men) and across most age groups, particularly among adolescents (aged 10-17 years; 46%-57%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed higher than expected prevalent use (+2.2%, 95%CI 0.3%, 4.2%) among females, corresponding to a predicted excess of 45,217 (95%CI 5,819, 84,614) females dispensed antidepressants. The largest increases during the first year of the pandemic occurred among female adolescents for both prevalent (+11.7%, 95%CI 4.1%, 20.5%) and new antidepressant use (+15.6%, 95%CI 8.5%, 23.7%). Conclusion: Antidepressant use continues to increase in Australia overall and especially among young people. We found a differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in treated depression and anxiety, greater among females than males, and greater among young females than other age groups, suggesting an increased mental health burden in populations already on a trajectory of increased use of antidepressants prior to the pandemic. Reasons for these differences require further investigation.

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