Potential of eleven Eucalyptus species for the production of essential oils

Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil aim the production of paper and charcoal, but the use of the species for lumbering, construction and extraction of essential oil has increased. Eleven species of Eucalyptus were assessed in regard to their essential oil production potential, nine never used before for commercial, essential oil extraction. Assessements were compared with Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus, already explored in oil production for perfume and medical purposes, aiming to increase the availability of commercial species and the relationship between oil production and climatic conditions. Eucalyptus leaves were seasonally sampled (three months interval) for distillation and determination of productivity and chemical composition of oil - contents of oils main components. Eucalyptus viminalis showed the highest potential for cineol, and standed out among the species not yet used commercially. Influenced by soil moisture contents and air temperature, the lowest and the highest oil production happened respectively in Spring and Summer. Water deficiency in Spring caused the lowest oil production. In the Summer, on the other hand, the highest oil production was observed when temperatures were higher and no water deficiency registered. There was no climatic influence on the main oil chemical component.

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DETERMINATION OF SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENTIAL OIL VARIATION IN DIFFERENT LOCAL Ocimum basilicum L. ECOTYPES UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.3.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 3-15

Author(s):

Suleyman Kizil ◽

Ozlem Toncer ◽

Tahsin Sogut ◽

Emel Diraz ◽

Sengul Karaman

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Harvest Data ◽

Oil Components ◽

Main Components ◽

Semi Arid

The study aimed to determine agronomic characteristics and essential oil components of different basil ecotypes in semi-arid climatic conditions of South Eastern Anatolia, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Two-year harvest data about fresh and dry herb yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and its components from the plants of year 2015 and 2016 was analyzed in this study. Essential oil components were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The resulting outcomes demonstrated that both ecotypes and harvests had important effects on fresh and dry herb, dry leaf yield and essential oil contents of sweet basil. The highest dry leaf yield was noted from green leafy ecotypes and from second harvest stage. Twenty-three constituents were detected in the essential oil of O. basilicum ecotypes. The main components of basil essential oil were linalool, methyl chavicol, neral, geranial and methyl cinnamate that differed according to ecotypes and harvests during experimental years 2015 and 2016. Purple leafy basil ecotypes were determined as linalool rich, while greenish leaf ecotypes were abundant in methyl chavicol. Silbe – green ecotype contains higher neral and geranial levels than the other ecotypes. It was concluded that basil plant could be grown successfully and harvested two or more times to prefer for maximum dry leaf yield and essential oil contents under semi-arid climatic conditions.

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Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Valeriana parviflora Essential Oils Collected in the Venezuelan Andes in two Different Seasons

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000433 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

Sammy Fernández ◽

María Rondón ◽

Janne Rojas ◽

Antonio Morales ◽

Luis Rojas-Fermin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Isovaleric Acid ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Main Components

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Valeriana parviflora (Trevir) BM Vadillo, an endemic species of the Venezuelan Andes, collected from the same location in two different seasons (dry and rainy) of the year, were analyzed by GC/MS. The essential oil obtained during the dry season showed linalool (11.9%), eugenol (8.9%), p-menth-1-en-9-al (8.7%) and α-terpineol (7.7%) as main components, while the oil obtained from the rainy season collection showed o-xylol (16.2%), 3-methyl isovaleric acid (10.6%) and geranial (9.5%) as major compounds. Some of the differences in the composition of these oils might be due to the climatic conditions at the time of harvesting.

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Changes in Volatile Compounds during Aging of Sweet Fennel Fruits-Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Static Headspace Sampling Methods

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100326 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100

Author(s):

Menče Najdoska-Bogdanov ◽

Jane B. Bogdanov ◽

Marina Stefova

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Main Components

Two extraction methods for subsequent gas chromatographic (GC) determination of volatiles from freshly harvested and aged fennel fruit samples ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.,ssp. vulgare var. dulce) have been compared. Hydrodistillation followed by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis was used as a standard method for essential oil characterization, while static headspace followed by GC (SHS-GC-FID) was used as a comparative method for determination of volatile components. As the fennel fruit ages, there is a gradual loss of the volatile components as indicated by the lower yield of essential oil and lower content of volatiles, as indicated by the alternative SHS-GC-FID analysis. Slight differences observed for the main components ( trans-anethole, estragole, fenchone, and limonene) using the two methods are negligible, indicating that these volatiles did not undergo chemical transformation during the sample preparation procedures. A difference in anisaldehyde content was observed when the composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil was compared with the SHS-GC-FIDanalysis of volatiles and explanation for the variation of anisaldehyde content and the origin of other compounds was suggested. Comparison of the obtained results showed that limonene oxides, carvone and carveolare detectable in SHS-GC-FID analysis of the aged fennel fruits, while in hydrodistilled samples analyzed by GC-FID they were not present. Another observed difference was the appearance of products in significant amounts with higher retention times than trans-anethole, namely threo- and erythro-anethole β-hydroxymethylether and anethole glycol that are not detectable in the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation. So, the relative abundance of the major components is comparable between these two methods for fennel seed up to 3 years from harvest and they can be used interchangeably depending on the purpose and amount of material. Furthermore, SHS-GC-FID can be used for assessment of maximum storage time and quality of fennel fruit suitable for human consumption.

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Determination of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Melaleuca cajuputi Essential Oil from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22458 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 2203-2207

Author(s):

TRAN QUOC TOAN ◽

LAI PHUONG PHUONG THAO ◽

NGUYEN QUYET CHIEN ◽

NGUYEN THI HONG VAN ◽

ÐOAN LAN PHUONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Batch Process ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽

Main Components ◽

Bactericidal Agent

The essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi was obtained by hydrodistillation method. This work aims to adopt water as a solvent in a batch process to extract essential oil from Melaleuca cajuputi fresh leaves. The leaves are collected from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Analysis of constituents was performed by GC/MS. The maximum yield ranged from 0.6 to 0.7%. Several compounds have been identified in high quantities and meaningful qualitative and quantitative differences have been observed under different conditions. The main components of the M. cajuputi essential oil included eucalyptol (27.512%), γ-terpinene (8.59%), terpinolene (9.047%), β-eudesmene (3.359%), α- selinene (3.889%), α-terpineol (4.108%), 1R-α-pinene (2.158%), caryophyllene (6.48%) and α-caryophyllene (3.522%). This study has confirmed that the essential oil of M. cajuputi essential oil is a promising bactericidal agent on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Pertambahan Biomassa dan Produksi Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada Usia Panen yang Berbeda

Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi ◽

10.14710/baf.6.2.2021.124-130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 124-130

Author(s):

Rasyid Abdulaziz ◽

Sri Widodo Agung Suedy ◽

Munifatul Izzati

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Production ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Growth Data ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Range Test ◽

Essential Oil Production

Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang dapat digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, dan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan usia panen dengan biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri pada organ daun serta batang selasih. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan faktor pertama usia panen (1; 1,5; dan 2 bulan), dan faktor kedua organ tanaman (daun dan batang). Media tanam menggunakan tanah dan kompos (1:1) yang dimasukkan dalam polibag ukuran 30cm x 30cm, dan diberi naungan paranet 25%. Parameter yang diamati: data pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan cabang primer), biomassa, dan produksi minyak atsiri. Analisis data menggunakan Anaylysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Duncan's Multiple Range Test(DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa tanaman yang dipanen pada umur lebih tua menunjukkan pertumbuhan, biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri yang lebih tinggi. Pada usia 1,5 bulan, biomassa meningkat 114,485% dibanding usia 1 bulan, sedangkan pada usia 2 bulan, peningkatan biomasa 91,410% dibanding usia1,5 bulan. Produksi minyak atsiri tertinggi dihasilkan oleh organ daun pada usia panen 2 bulan sebesar 0,273g, dan 0,023g pada organ batang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia panen berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri tanaman selasih. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains essential oils that can be used in the cosmetic, perfume, medical industries. This study aims to determine the relationship between harvest age and biomass and essential oil production in basil leaves and stems. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern, with the first factor being harvest age (1; 1.5; and 2 months), and the second factor being plant organs (leaves and stems). The planting medium used soil and compost (1:1) which was put in 30cm x 30cm polybags and was given a 25% para net shade. Parameters observed: growth data (plant height, number of leaves, and primary branches), biomass, and essential oil production. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. Research shows that plants harvested at an older age show higher growth, biomass, and essential oil production. At the age of 1.5 months, biomass increased by 114.485% compared to the age of 1 month, while at the age of 2 months, the increase in biomass was 91.410% compared to the age of 1.5 months. The highest essential oil production was produced by leaf organs at 2 months of harvesting at 0.273g, and 0.023g in stem organs. The conclusion of this study showed that different harvest ages had a significant effect on the biomass and essential oil production of basil plants.

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COMPLEX OF HAZARD CRITERIA FOR IMPROVEMENT OF HYGIENIC STANDARDS LIST OF CHEMICALS IN WATER

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1099-1102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (11) ◽

pp. 1099-1102

Author(s):

R. A. Mamonov ◽

Z. I. Zholdakova ◽

O. O. Sinitsyna ◽

S. M. Yudin ◽

Irina A. Pechnikova

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Regulation System ◽

Carcinogenic Effects ◽

Relationship Structure ◽

The Relationship

Analysis of domestic (Russian) and foreign documents revealed the necessity to correct existing standards of chemicals in water according to the new data about previously unexplored toxicological properties including mutagenic, carcinogenic effects, effects on the endocrine system. It is advisable to correct safety levels within the structural sets based on the relationship “structure- biotransformation-activity”. It is necessary to review critically the MACs of aromatic compounds substantiated on the organoleptic sign of harmfulness. The standards of nine carcinogens are proposed to revise with considering the classification and safety levels. Determination of threshold concentration on general sanitary index of harmfulness may be excluded from the regulation system because self-purification processes not sufficient in the Russian climatic conditions are related to ecological indices. This hazard index creates a discrepancy between the assessment of the danger of drinking and surface waters. It is necessary to create unified MACs for groups of substances in view of the forms of their presence in water and matching of toxic mechanism of action in compliance with the principle “unity of standard and method of control”.

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Recent advances in oregano (Lippia graveolens and Poliomintha Iongiflora): Extraction methods component determination, and their potential applications.

Quimica Hoy ◽

10.29105/qh4.3-217 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

V. M. Jiménez Pérez ◽

B. M. Muñoz Flores ◽

E. Hernández Fernández ◽

D. Celis ◽

J. Treviño Carreón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Main Components

The work presented here describes the most significant advances in concerning the chemistry of oregano (Lippia graveolens and Poliomintha longiflora). We present new, green methods for essential oil extraction as well as the potential medicinal properties of said oil. This review also focuses on the determination of its main components, such as carvacrol and thymol. We describe their syntesis, reactivity, and potential applications of both compounds in various areas.

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Determination of Essential Oil Composition of Naturally Growing Heracleum platytaenium L. Plant in Bolu Ecological Conditions

ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.46291/ispecjasvol5iss2pp344-349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 344-349

Author(s):

Abdurrahim YILMAZ ◽

Vahdettin ÇİFTÇİ

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Endemic Plants ◽

Distillation Method ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aromatic Content ◽

Oil Components ◽

Main Components

Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. (Öğrekotu) is a plant depend on the Apiaceae family, with intense aromatic content and known for its use in traditional medicine. This plant, which is one of the endemic plants of Turkey, is perennial and monocarpic. In this study, the essential oil of the Heracleum platytaenium Boiss., which grows naturally in the northern parts of Bolu province, was obtained by the hidro-distillation method in the Clevenger device and the essential oil components were investigated in the GC-MS device. As a result of the study, the essential oil ratio was determined as 1.4%. Octyl hexanoate (8.76%), 5-Octen-1-ol (7.04%), n-Octyl Caprylate (5.42%), and Beta-Eudesmol (5.01%) were determined as the main components. In this study, a total of 36 components (81.69%) were detected in the GC-MS device.

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Household water use: a Portuguese field study

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2007.098 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5-6) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Vieira ◽

M. do C. Almeida ◽

J.M. Baptista ◽

R. Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Household Water ◽

Main Components ◽

Definition Of

Household water use structure can vary significantly depending on several factors like personal habits, socio-economic, cultural and climatic conditions. In the absence of Portuguese data on domestic water consumption, a field study was carried out in order to obtain information that could help support the definition of water conservation measures within the scope of the Portuguese National Program for the Efficient Use of Water. The paper describes the methodology and results obtained in this study, which involved approximately 100 participants that made a characterization of their appliances and detailed recordings of all water uses. Results allowed for the determination of average values of usage duration and frequency for each appliance, total volume consumed per water appliance and per capita water consumption. In terms of consumption structure, it was found that showering and bathing were the main components (36±13%) followed by taps (29±10%) and toilet flushing (21±7%).

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