scholarly journals Effects of light intensity and temperature on Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) with straight and coiled trichomes: growth rate and morphology

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC. Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽  
B. Buch ◽  
TC. Hereman ◽  
JDT. Arruda-Neto ◽  
AN. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju (Ordem Nostocales) is one of the most troublesome bloom-forming species in Brazil. Understanding the population dynamics of the different morphotypes of C. raciborskii (straight and coiled) could assist in the prediction of favourable conditions for the proliferation of this potentially toxin-producing species. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two different light intensities and temperatures on the growth rate and morphology of the trichomes of the straight and coiled morphotypes. For such, two non-toxin producing strains of C. raciborskii were used - one with a coiled trichome (ITEP31) and another with a straight trichome (ITEP28). The strains were cultured in BG-11 medium in a climatic chamber under controlled conditions. Two light intensities (30 and 90 µmol.m-2.s-1 ) were combined at temperatures of 21 and 31 °C and the growth rate and morphological changes were analysed. The morphotypes responded differently to the different temperatures and light intensities. Both strains exhibited faster growth velocities when submitted to higher light intensity and temperature. The lower temperature and higher luminosity hampered the development of both strains. Variations in cellular morphology and an absence of akinetes in both strains were related to the lower temperature (21 °C). The coiled morphotype demonstrated considerable phenotype plasticity, changing the morphology of trichome throughout its growth curve. Although molecular analysis does not sustain the separation of the morphotypes as distinct species, their different eco-physiological responses should be considered further knowledge of extreme importance for the population control of these potentially toxic organisms.

scholarly journals Impact of increase in temperature and light intensity on development and metamorphosis of hatchery reared silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jayakumar ◽  
M. Sakthivel ◽  
A. K. Abdul Nazar ◽  
G. Tamilmani ◽  
P. Rameshkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trachinotus Blochii

The impact of increase in temperature and light intensity on development and metamorphosis of hatchery produced larvae of silver pompano <em>Trachinotus blochii</em> (Lacepede, 1801) was studied. Two sets of larviculture tanks (Set 1 and Set 2) in triplicate were exposed to two different temperatures and varying light intensities. The growth of the larvae from day one to day 25 post-hatch (dph) and metamorphosis were studied. It was found that an increase of 2°C water temperature and increased light intensity significantly reduced the growth. The percentage of growth reduction gradually decreased and got stabilised towards the end of larviculture with a mean reduction of 15%. Further, a delay of three days in metamorphosis was also observed in Set 2. The reduced growth rate coupled with change in pigmentation of larvae can be considered as the resilience response of the larvae to combat temperature and light stress without compromising survival.

EAR LENGTH AND SPIKELET NUMBER OF WHEAT GROWN AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND LIGHT INTENSITIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Light ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The number of spikelets on the differentiating inflorescence and the ear at anthesis was highest at high light intensities and at low temperatures. The length of the developing inflorescence and the ear, the height of the main stem, and the total plant dry weight at the time of anthesis were also greatest under these conditions.These results are related to differential effects of temperature and light intensity on the rates and duration of apical elongation, morphological development of the ear, and spikelet formation.

scholarly journals Growth, biomass, and chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content of Nannochloropsis sp. strain BJ17 under different light intensities

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhri ◽  
Nasrullah Bai Arifin ◽  
Anik Martina Hariati ◽  
Ating Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Effect Of Light

<p class="Pa3"><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p> </p><p class="Pa5"><em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. has been identified as sources of live feed and pigment in aquaculture. To increase the production, the optimal environmental conditions for microalgae are required. Light intensity is one of the important factors that significantly affects the biomass and pigment of microalgae. The study aimed to determine the effect of light intensity (1,500; 3,000; and 4,500 lux) on growth, biomass production, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid content of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. The results showed that different light intensities significantly affected the growth, biomass, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Increasing light intensity resulted in the increase of the growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid contents of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. The cell achieved the highest specific growth rate of 1.729 %/day and the cell concentration of 43.333×106 cell/mL at a light intensity of 4,500 lux. The highest chlorophyll-a and carotenoid concentrations of algae were obtained at 4,500 lux (8.304 μg/mL and 3.892 μg/mL, respectively). This study suggested that increasing light intensity led to the increase in the growth, biomass, chlorophyll-a, and carotenoid content of <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17.</p><p> </p><p class="Pa5">Keywords: carotenoid, chlorophyll, biomass, growth rate, light intensity</p><p> </p><p> </p><p class="Pa3"><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p> </p><p class="Pa5"><em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. diketahui sebagai sumber pakan alami dan pigmen pada budidaya perikanan. Budidaya pada kondisi lingkungan yang optimal diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produksi mikroalga. Intensitas cahaya merupakan salah satu faktor esensial yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi biomassa dan pigmen mikroalga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh intensitas cahaya yang berbeda (1.500, 3.000, and 4.500 lux) terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, klorofil-a, dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya yang berbeda berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, biomassa dan klorofil-a dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17. Semakin tinggi intensitas cahaya maka laju pertumbuhan, biomassa, kandungan klorofil-a dan total karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17 semakin tinggi. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi 1,729%/hari dan konsentrasi sel maksimum tertinggi 43,333×106 sel/mL dihasilkan pada intensitas cahaya 4.500 lux. Konsentrasi klorofil-a (8,304 μg/mL) dan karotenoid (3,892 μg/mL) tertinggi juga diperoleh pada intensitas cahaya 4.500 lux. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan intensitas cahaya berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, klorofil-a, dan karotenoid <em>Nannochloropsis </em>sp. strain BJ17.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: karotenoid, klorofil, biomassa, pertumbuhan, intensitas cahaya</p>

scholarly journals Algal growth response and survival in a range of light and temperature conditions: implications for non-steady-state conditions in waste stabilisation ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bartosh ◽  
C.J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Different Temperatures

Growth and physiological experiments were carried out using Scenedesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris as representative species typically found in waste stabilisation ponds. These experiments were designed to test the ability of the organisms to survive and grow under a range of different temperatures and light intensities that might occur in mid to high latitude regions. Growth was assessed using optical density and photosynthetic rate for a combination of temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C at light intensities of 7.8, 15.7, 31.3, 47, 62.7 and 78.3 μmol m−2 sec−1. C. vulgaris had a higher rate of growth and photosynthetic activity than S. subspicatus at low temperatures but had reached its maximum growth rate at 15 °C. S. subspicatus showed a higher growth rate than C. vulgaris at higher temperatures, and did not achieve its maximum growth rate over the range of temperatures studied. For both species light was not limiting to growth above 47 μmol m−2 sec−1. Survival of the two species under dark conditions was tested at 4 °C and −20 °C using direct plating and growth tests. C. vulgaris was able to survive at 4 °C for a much longer period than S. subspicatus and a portion of the population was able survive −20 °C. The different responses of the two species to dark and cold conditions are indicative of the range that may occur across a wider population, and show why in practice some species may appear earlier and compete more effectively in early spring but then lose advantage as the temperature and light intensity increases into the summer.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature on the growth of Pseudomonas putida

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sakil Munna ◽  
Zebunnesa Zeba ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Lower Temperature

Lots of reports on the generation of stress by increase in temperature in the bacterial cells especially in Escherichia coli has been observed so far. Current study further emphasized such effect on the cells of Pseudomonas putida (SUBP03). Conventional methods relating growth assessment of bacteria were employed. The optical density of bacterial cells at 600 nm (OD600) in the minimal broth along with the culturable cells were assessed in the form of colony forming units (CFUs) in the minimal agar media at different temperatures (27 °C, 30 °C, 33 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C). Morphological observations were made to further clarify the bacterial physiology and the spot tests were performed to examine the cell viability. Cells of P. putida (SUBP03) were found to grow vigorously at 30 °C, while the growth was found to decline at lower temperature (27 °C) and along with the increase in temperature (at 33 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C). However, the morphological changes were insignificant. Furthermore, cells were noticed to completely lose culturability at 40 °C after 48 hours.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.5(1) 2015: 9-12

scholarly journals Growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated tropical marine diatom, Skeletonema sp. UHO29, under different light intensities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Asmariani Asmariani ◽  
Wellem Muskita ◽  
Abdul Muis Balubi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Light Intensities

Abstract. Indrayani I, Haslianti H, Asmariani A, Muskita WH, Balubi M. 2020. Growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated tropical marine diatom, Skeletonema sp. UHO29, under different light intensities. Biodiversitas 21: 1498-1503. Light is one of the important factors affecting growth and biochemical composition of microalgae. The aim of this study was to determine growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated marine diatom, Skeletonema sp.UHO29 under different light intensities. The Skeletonema sp. was cultured in 300 mL conical flasks containing 150 mL of f/2 medium under three different light intensities (28, 60 and 110 μmol photons m-2 s-1 ) with three replications. The cultures were incubated under ambient room temperatures, and a cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark, in batch modes for two weeks. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate (0.56 d-1) was achieved at the highest light intensity (110 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and the lowest (0.11 d-1) was obtained at the lowest light intensity (28 μmol photons m-2 s-1). The highest biomass yield (0.62 g L-1) and biomass productivity (0.34 g L-1 d-1) was achieved at the highest light intensity. However, the highest lipid yield (0.175 g L-1), lipid content (28.78% ash-free dry weight) and lipid productivity (0.067 g L-1 d-1) were achieved at medium light intensity. The alga prefers high light intensity for higher growth rate and biomass productivity but it produces more lipids at medium light intensity. This study indicated that the Skeletonema sp.UHO29 is a potential species for outdoor mass cultivation and is a promising microalgal strain for use as a biodiesel feedstock due to its high growth rate, high biomass and lipid productivity.

scholarly journals KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN WARNA IKAN WILD BETTA (Betta sp.) DENGAN REKAYASA INTENSITAS CAHAYA DAN WARNA LATAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Riani Rahmawati ◽  
Sawung Cindelaras ◽  
Eni Kusrini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
White Background ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Blue Background

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh kondisi lingkungan dengan intensitas cahaya dan warna latar yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan warna ikan cupang (Betta sp.). Biota uji diberi kombinasi perlakuan perbedaan kondisi cahaya dan warna latar, yaitu: (A-1) 100 lux dan latar putih; (A-2) 100 lux dan latar hitam; (A-3) 100 lux dan latar biru; (B-1) 800 lux dan latar putih; (B-2) 800 lux dan latar hitam; (B-3) 800 lux dan latar biru; (C-1) 1.500 lux dan latar putih; (C-2) 1.500 lux dan latar hitam; dan (C-3) 1.500 Lux dan latar biru. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Ikan diberikan pakan berupa larva Chironomus sp. secara ad libitum. Penelitian dilakukan selama 84 hari. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan A-1 (intensitas 100 lux dan latar putih), dengan laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang dan bobot masing-masing sebesar 0,48 ± 0,06%/hari dan 0,75 ± 0,22%/hari; sintasan sebesar 100%, serta persentase perubahan hue (H), saturation (S), dan brightness (B) berturut-turut adalah 21 ± 18, 6 ± 10, dan 6 ± 18.This research was conducted to determine the effect of rearing environment and light intensity with different background coloration to improve the color quality and growth of wild betta fish (Betta sp.). The fishs which were placed in the small tanks and treated with different light intensities and background coloration. The treatments combinations were: (A-1) 100 lux and white background, (A-2) 100 lux and black background, (A-3) 100 lux and blue background, (B-1) 800 lux and white background, (B-2) 800 lux and black background, (B-3) 800 lux and black background, (C-1) 1,500 lux and white background, (C-2) 1,500 lux and black background, and (C-3) 1,500 lux and blue background. Each treatment was repeated three times. The fish were fed onfrozen Chironomus larvae twice a day. The research was conducted for 84 days. The result showed that the combination of 100 lux and white background resulted the best growth rate (0.48 ± 0.06 cm/day in length and 0.75 ± 0.22%/day in weight) and survival rate of 100%. The best combination had the value of hue (21 ± 18), saturation (6 ± 10), and brightness (6 ± 18).

scholarly journals Growth, Photosynthesis, and Nutrient Uptake at Different Light Intensities and Temperatures in Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1925-1933
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
PingPing Li ◽  
JiZhang Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Different Temperatures

Light and temperature are two crucial factors affecting plant growth. Light intensities vary considerably with season and weather conditions. Reasonable light regulation at different temperatures is a key issue in environmental regulation. In this study, we determined the effects of light intensity and temperature on crop growth and development. Furthermore, we determined an optimal light value and a suitable light range at different temperatures for producing the lettuce Lactuca sativa L. Artificial climate chamber experiments were conducted at five light intensities (100, 200, 350, 500, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1), as well as at low (15 °C/10 °C), medium (23 °C/18 °C), and high (30 °C/25 °C) temperatures. In these experiments, we investigated the photosynthetic rate; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; total N, P, and K uptake; and growth of lettuce plants. The results indicated that at a low temperature, the values of effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate (Tr) —as well as those of N, K, and P uptake—were the highest at 350 μmol·m−2·s−1, followed by 500 μmol·m−2·s−1, which resulted in higher values for leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW), and fresh weight (FW). At the medium temperature, the values of ΦPSII, Pn, gS, and Tr, as well as those of N, K, and P uptake were higher at 350, 500, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 than at other light intensities, resulting in high values for LN, LA, DW, and FW of lettuce plants. The LN, LA, and FW of lettuce plants were the highest at 500 μmol·m−2·s−1, whereas DW was the highest at 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. At a high temperature, lettuce plants exhibited the highest values of Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Pn, gS, and Tr, as well as those of N, K, and P uptake for the 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 treatment; whereas LN, LA, FW, and DW were the highest at 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. In addition, the values of Fv/Fm indicated that lettuce plants were under stress under the following combinations: 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the low temperature, 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the medium temperature, and 100–350 μmol·m−2·s−1 at the high temperature. Based on these results, an optimal regulation strategy for light intensity at different temperature environments was proposed for lettuce cultivars similar to L. sativa L. in some regions, such as the subtropical regions of China. Specifically, for low temperatures, light intensities of 350 to 500 μmol·m−2·s−1are recommended for production, and an intensity of 350 μmol·m−2·s−1 provides optimal supplementary light during early spring and winter in greenhouses. For medium temperatures, light intensities of 350 to 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 are recommended, and 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 is the optimal value during the middle of spring and autumn. For high temperatures, light intensities of 500 to 600 μmol·m−2·s−1are recommended, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 is the optimal value of light intensity during late spring and early autumn.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes on the leaf color in Hosta (Hosta plantaginea Aschers) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Changhai Sui ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Jinjiao Chen ◽  
Zhilin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Structure Changes

Abstract Background ‘Regal Splendour’ (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. Results The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. Conclusion The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Intensity and Quality on Growth Rate and Composition of Chlorella vulgaris

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N. Metsoviti ◽  
George Papapolymerou ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
White Led ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Nm Range ◽  
Effect Of Light

In this research, the effect of solar irradiance on Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in open bioreactors under greenhouse conditions was investigated, as well as of ratio of light intensity in the 420–520 nm range to light in the 580–680 nm range (I420–520/I580–680) and of artificial irradiation provided by red and white LED lamps in a closed flat plate laboratory bioreactor on the growth rate and composition. The increase in solar irradiance led to faster growth rates (μexp) of C. vulgaris under both environmental conditions studied in the greenhouse (in June up to 0.33 d−1 and in September up to 0.29 d−1) and higher lipid content in microalgal biomass (in June up to 25.6% and in September up to 24.7%). In the experiments conducted in the closed bioreactor, as the ratio I420–520/I580–680 increased, the specific growth rate and the biomass, protein and lipid productivities increased as well. Additionally, the increase in light intensity with red and white LED lamps resulted in faster growth rates (the μexp increased up to 0.36 d−1) and higher lipid content (up to 22.2%), while the protein, fiber, ash and moisture content remained relatively constant. Overall, the trend in biomass, lipid, and protein productivities as a function of light intensity was similar in the two systems (greenhouse and bioreactor).

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