scholarly journals Compromised nutrition in gerbils infected by Cystoisospora felis detected through an animal performance analysis tool

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Edwards Frazão-Teixeira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Vagner Ricardo da Silva Fiuza ◽  
Amanda Lucía Jiménez-Sanz ◽  
Edenio Detmann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Tool

The impact of Cystoisospora felis infection on the nutritional efficiency of gerbils was studied. The variables weight gain and feed intake were measured during four weeks in 28 laboratory gerbils, of which 14 were inoculated with 3.5 × 10(5) sporulated oocysts of C. felis and the remaining 14 were controls. The animals from both groups were weighted, killed, eviscerated and had their carcasses and tissues weighted and compared. A modern tool designed for measuring nutritional performance of farm animals was applied. The results showed compromised nutritional efficiency of the infected animals within the first week after infection. The consequences of these results are discussed here, including the potential impact of infection on farm animals performance.

scholarly journals A review on combined effects of moniliformin and co-occurring Fusarium toxins in farm animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Fremy ◽  
I. Alassane-Kpembi ◽  
I.P. Oswald ◽  
B. Cottrill ◽  
H.P. Van Egmond
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
On Farm

Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed represents the rule rather than the exception. Information about combinatory toxic effects of co-occurring mycotoxins is scarce, in particular the effects that mixtures of mycotoxins in feed may have on farm animals. This review focusses on studies on the combined effects of moniliformin and co-occurring mycotoxins in feed on farm animals. Moniliformin is a mycotoxin of emerging scientific interest, which may co-occur with many other mycotoxins, especially Fusarium mycotoxins. Oral exposure to moniliformin reduces feed consumption and body weight gain in poultry, in pigs and catfish, and induces cardiotoxic effects and/or alterations in serum biochemical and haematological parameters. In this review only experiments comparing effects as a result of the exposure to a combination of mycotoxins with effects due to the exposure to single mycotoxins were considered. Identified published studies on combined toxicity have been limited to combinations of moniliformin with either fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol, and were performed with poultry, pigs, and catfish. Most of the moniliformin/fumonisin B1 investigations involved poultry and focussed on adverse effects on feed intake, weight gain and immune response, as well as organ lesions. These studies mainly reported an interactive toxicity of moniliformin and fumonisin B1 but did not allow identification of the type of interaction. Likewise, no indication could be given for the interaction detected for both mycotoxins on weight gains of catfish. For the moniliformin/deoxynivalenol combination, only one study with broiler chickens was found relevant. This study concluded additive or less than additive toxicity, using kidney lesions and renal tubular epithelial degeneration as endpoints. While possible interactions between moniliformin and fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol were identified, the conclusions are based on limited studies and experimental designs. Further studies on the combined toxicity of moniliformin with other mycotoxins and other animal species would be needed.

scholarly journals Vinasse in the diet of lactating sows and its effect on litter

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48152
Author(s):  
Dandara Silva Barros ◽  
Jean kaique Valentim ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of adding vinasse as an acidifier in sows diet during the lactating period and its effect on litter. A total of 14 agroceres females were used from the first day of lactation until weaning. The vinasse was obtained in a mill near the experimental facility and was stored in sterilized barrels. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into two treatments: control liquid diet and liquid diet with the inclusion of vinasse in each feed supply of the day. The diets were supplied four times a day, containing a mixture of ½ L of vinasse and ½ L of water. Feed leftovers were weighted daily. Feed intake was used to evaluate sows’ performance. The piglets were weighted every week after birth until weaning in order to obtain weight gain. Vinasse inclusion showed an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake of lactating sows, improving diet palatability. Inclusion of acidifier in the diet did not show (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain of piglets. Vinasse consumption by sows did not influence litter performance. The inclusion of vinasse in the diet of lactating sows is beneficial because increases feed consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of edible fats and oils on the body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs in rats removing the impact of unequal feed intake

1970 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
N Ahmad ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
MJ Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Edible Fats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

An investigation on Long Evans male rats fed with different edible fats and oils was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during a period of 7 weeks (1st April to 19th May, 2005) to determine and to compare the effect of feeds on body weight gain and on weights of some selected organs (heart, liver and kidney) removing the impact of unequal feed intake. A total of 20, six-week old male rats were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. Rats were fed rat pellets purchased from ICDDR,B, Dhaka supplemented with beef fat in group A, fish fat in group B and soybean oil in group C while group D was considered as control and fed only with rat pellets. The concentration of fats and oils were 7% of normal diet and fed for 7 weeks. The highest weekly mean body weight gain (19.90g) adjusted for unequal feed intake was achieved by the rats of beef fat supplemented group A, followed by the rats of soybean oil supplemented group C (19.76g) and fish fat supplemented group B (15.67g). But none of the adjusted means of weekly body weight gain differed significantly (p > 0.05) from the control. Insignificant increases in heart weight were recorded in all treated rats and the maximum weight was in fish oil treated ones. Not much differences were recorded in the kidney weights rather beef oil treated rats' kidney had the lowest mean weight. A significantly (p < 0.01) higher liver weight was recorded in group B & C compared to control (group D), though the differences between A & D were insignificant. It could be concluded that fats and oils are harmful for the rat's body especially on liver and heart. Key words: Edible fats and oils, rat, body weight, organ weight, analysis of variance, covariance DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1326 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 107-110

Effects of Manufacturing Noise on Microturbine Centrifugal Impeller Performance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Javed ◽  
R. Pecnik ◽  
M. Olivero ◽  
J. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
1D Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a study on a small centrifugal impeller for microturbine application from a manufacturing perspective. The aim is to analyze the impact of geometric deviations on part performance using adequate performance modeling tools and statistical methods. A one-dimensional (1D) performance analysis tool has been developed in-house derived from the meanline and two-zone modeling methods. The 1D model has proved to be a simple and computationally inexpensive tool for having a quick performance analysis of the impeller using basic geometric information extracted from part drawings. For the sensitivity analysis, a total of eight input geometric parameters including radii, tip-clearance and blade angles have been varied individually within specific limits in the 1D tool for classifying their influence on the output performance. Since the 1D model is a simplified version of a much complex three-dimensional (3D) model, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool has been used to provide a comparison with the 1D model and scrutinize the effects of such deviations on the fluid behavior inside the impeller passage at a detailed level. For uncertainty quantification, Monte Carlo simulation has been performed using the 1D model to assess the variability of overall impeller output performance to simultaneous random deviations in the input geometric parameters. The study is useful to evaluate the possibility of designing gas turbine parts for manufacturability and superior production cost-effectiveness.

The oral administration of meat and bone meal-derived protein fractions improved the performance of young broiler chicks

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Muir ◽  
G. W. Lynch ◽  
P. Williamson ◽  
A. J. Cowieson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
The Impact

A study was designed to assess the impact of water-soluble proteins and peptides extracted from meat and bone meal (MBM) on broiler chick performance, following their oral delivery during the early post-hatch period. Proteinaceous material was fractionated by size exclusion filtration into weight ranges of <3 kDa (Fraction 1; 0.5 mg protein/mL), 3–100 kDa (Fraction 2; 0.5 mg protein/mL) and >100 kDa (Fraction 3; 0.8 mg protein/mL), which formed the three protein fraction treatments. A total of 1 mL of each of the respective preparations was delivered orally via gavage over 4 days (0.25 µL each day) to Cobb broiler hatchlings. Three control groups: control–unhandled, control–phosphate-buffered saline and control–handled were also included. Chicks were grown to 30 days of age. Feed intake, chick weight gain and feed conversion ratio were determined from day old through to 29 days of age. On Days 10, 16, 23 and 30, the weight of the breast and the small intestine was determined from 10 birds/treatment. For all parameters measured there was no interaction between experimental week and protein fraction treatment. Chicks receiving Fraction 2 had a statistically significant increase in feed intake and weight gain (P = 0.012) compared with the control–unhandled chicks. Chicks receiving Fraction 2 also demonstrated a numerically higher final bodyweight. Mass spectrometric analysis of all three fractions revealed that they each contained a wide array of proteinacious material. The results of this study suggests the likelihood that protein or protein-derived fragment components within the 3–100 kDa molecular weight range of MBM can generate improvements in broiler chick production, and thus promote the need for further research to identify the specific protein(s) responsible for the observed positive growth effects.

scholarly journals The impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Onu ◽  
F.N. Madubuike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks. Wild cocoyam corms were divided into two batches. One batch was ground raw and the other batch was cooked before grinding. Wild cocoyam meals so prepared were used to formulate 5 broiler starter diets at dietary inclusion levels of 0, 10 and 20% raw and cooked wild cocoyam respectively. 180 7-day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the five treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 12 birds. Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and economics of production. Results shows significant (p<0.05) improvement in feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and PER of birds fed cooked wild cocoyam meals. Marked (p<0.05) reduction was however, obtained in feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds fed raw wild cocoyam diets. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between birds fed maize-based (control) and cooked wild cocoyam diets. Results of this experiment indicated that cooking improved the nutritive value of wild cocoyam since birds fed cooked wild cocoyam diets produced best results than those fed raw wild cocoyam meal and that starter broilers could tolerate up to 20% dietary inclusion level of cooked wild cocoyam without any deleterious effect. Economics of production showed that cooked wild cocoyam diets were more profitable as regards the cost of feed per kg weight gain (N) and thus cost savings (%).

scholarly journals Impacts of Coronavirus on Farm and Pet Animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Subedi ◽  
Sulove Koirala ◽  
Lilong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Coronaviruses are positive sense RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, which are further subdivided into four genera: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Coronaviruses. Infectious bronchitis virus and SARS-CoV belong to Beta Coronaviridae family. Infectious bronchitis virus causes respiratory and nephritic signs that includes tracheal rales, urate crystals, lethargy and nasal discharge. In livestock and pets, the Coronavirus infection causes mostly gastrointestinal lesions, which may be prevented through vaccination and biosecurity. Recent infections of SARS-CoV-2 (also known as COVID-19) on farm and pet animals were summarized in this study. Besides, zoo animals were reported with infections in some countries/regions. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and African Swine Fever (ASF) on farm animals so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. The impact of Coronavirus on animals and potential prevention strategies, such as vaccine development and farm biosecurity measures, were discussed. Prior to the development of the effective vaccine, the biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) may play roles in preventing potential spread of diseases/viruses.

Preliminary studies on the reaction of growing geese (Anser anser f. domestica) to the proximity of wind turbines

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mikołajczak ◽  
S. Borowski ◽  
J. Marć-Pieńkowska ◽  
G. Odrowąż-Sypniewska ◽  
Z. Bernacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Group I ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Wind farms produce electricity without causing air pollution and environmental degradation. Unfortunately, wind turbines are a source of infrasound, which may cause a number of physiological effects, such as an increase in cortisol and catecholamine secretion. The impact of infrasound noise, emitted by wind turbines, on the health of geese and other farm animals has not previously been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of noise, generated by wind turbines, on the stress parameters (cortisol) and the weight gain of geese kept in surrounding areas. The study consisted of 40 individuals of 5- week- old domestic geese Anser anser f domestica, divided into 2 equal groups. The first experimental gaggle (I) remained within 50 m from turbine and the second one (II) within 500 m. During the 12 weeks of the study, noise measurements were also taken. Weight gain and the concentration of cortisol in blood were assessed and significant differences in both cases were found. Geese from gaggle I gained less weight and had a higher concentration of cortisol in blood, compared to individuals from gaggle II. Lower activity and some disturbing changes in behavior of animals from group I were noted. Results of the study suggest a negative effect of the immediate vicinity of a wind turbine on the stress parameters of geese and their productivity.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Heat Stress in Tropical and Subtropical Regions on Farm Animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The thermal relief regions for maximum animals are ranged 4 °C and 25 °C. In tropical and subtropical countries ambient temperature surpasses 25° C and animals undergo high environmental temperatures. Most physiological and biochemical variations in animals could take place to care for essential cell functions in contradiction of stressful conditions and to certification a fast retrieval from modest hypothermic destruction. Animal performance is reduced due to extreme variations in biological purposes affected by heat-stress conditions.

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