XIV.—The Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds

PMLA ◽  
1917 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-366
Author(s):  
Elbert N. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Assertion ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Insight Into

The Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds formulate a theory of painting which elevates that art to a kinship with the then more firmly established art of poetry. On the ground that painting is no mere handicraft, the great president of the Royal Academy recommended to his pupils “not the industry of the hands, but of the mind,” and insisted that a successful painter “stands in need of more knowledge than is to be picked off his palette.” This general assertion is then amplified, in one of the most significant passages of the lectures. “Every man,” Reynolds continued, “whose business is description, ought to be tolerably conversant with the poets, … that he may imbibe a poetical spirit, and enlarge his stock of ideas. He ought not to be wholly unacquainted with that part of philosophy which gives an insight into human nature… . He ought to know something concerning the mind, as well as a great deal concerning the body of man.”

The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Psychoanalytic Treatment ◽  
Depressive Position ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Human Growth And Development ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Donald Winnicott

Volume 11 of the Collected Works, with an introduction by the British analyst Professor Steven Groarke, consists of two books of Winnicott’s writings, Human Nature and The Piggle, both published posthumously. Human Nature gathers together Winnicott’s own teaching notes on the subject of human growth and development with other unpublished writings from this period. Winnicott reflects on the vast subject of human nature from his own experience, returning throughout to certain topics of continuing interest for him, including psyche-soma and the mind, health and ill health, the body and psychological disorder, psychosomatics and emotional development, health and the instincts, the depressive position, repression, hypochondria, the inner world, intellectual function, illusion, creativity, the environment in psychoanalysis, withdrawal, and regression. The second half of Volume 11 consists of the case history The Piggle: An Account of the Psychoanalytic Treatment of a Little Girl, in preparation by Winnicott at the end of his life but completed and published after his death. This book includes an introduction by Donald Winnicott, a preface by Clare Winnicott and the British analyst Ray Shepherd, and a foreword by the American analyst Ishak Ramzy, who corresponded with Winnicott and, with his help, prepared and edited the book for publication. The Piggle collects Winnicott’s records of sixteen consultations with a toddler-age child, Gabrielle, and an afterword by her parents. Volume 11 is introduced by the psychoanalyst and Professor of Social Thought, Steven Groarke.

scholarly journals Merging the arts of song and dance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Karen Hagen ◽  
Anne Cecilie Røsjø Kvammen ◽  
Richard Lessey
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Collaborative Teaching ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enactive Cognition ◽  
Dance Teachers ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Insight Into

To learn, acquire knowledge, and develop skills is an embodied process. In this article, the authors argue that merging the fields of song and dance is dependent on a deeper understanding of how the mind and the body interact, and they utilize the concept of enactive cognition to explain these processes. The authors maintain that students need insight into these processes in order to improve their learning and, consequently, their performance. Retrospective examples taken from three educational situations within the musical theatre context elucidate the discussion of the concepts of alignment and breathing. These frequently used concepts are often a source of confusion and misunderstanding for the student. To alleviate this, a stronger, interdisciplinary dialogue among the singing and dance teachers who are involved in the genre of musical theatre needs to be developed. The authors suggest collaborative teaching as a means to develop the teaching methods and as the pathway to attaining a common base when integrating the skills of singing and dancing.

scholarly journals Poznanie i wolna wola – dwie podstawowe kategorie antropologii Ambrozjastra

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Inner Strength ◽  
The Mind

Ambrosiaster belongs to the Roman school of exegesis. He deserves the atten­tion because of the relations between him and Marius Victorinus, his predecessor, as well as Pelagius and Augustine, his successors. The purpose of the article was to present Ambrosiaster’s anthropology on the basis of his writings. The conclu­sions have been presented in three parts: the elements of human nature, the ratio­nality of knowledge and the scope of free will. The first part shows the process in which the elements of nature are integrated. The spirit plays the decisive role synchronizing both the body and the soul. This dynamic and ongoing process is inspired by the presence of the Holy Spirit. The second part reveals two conditions for gaining knowledge: accepting the limita­tions of the mind and expanding and developing the principle of analogy. The last part presents two ways the free will is practised: by increasing how much one owns, which may be associated with lust, or by strengthening one’s inner strength. The role of the cultural and the ecclesial environment constitutes important infor­mation for the reconstruction of the views of Ambrosiaster. This raises the ques­tion whether – alongside Antioch and Alexandria – one could also talk about the Roman school of exegesis (Marius Victorinus, Ambrosiaster, Pelagius).

scholarly journals Review Article on A Fragmented Feminism: The Life and Letters of Anandibai Joshee By Meera Kosambi, Ram Ramaswamy, Madhavi Kolhatkar & Aban Mukherji

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjana G ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Know How ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

A Fragmented Feminism: The Life and Letters of Anandibai Joshee is the seminal work on social history about the first woman doctor of India, Anandibai Gopal Joshee written by the sociologist Meera Kosambi and Edited by Ram Ramaswamy, Madhavi Kolhatkar and Aban Mukherji. It provides insight into the psychosocial impacts of culture on Indian women through the life of Dr. Anandibai Gopal Joshee, India’s first women doctor. The author collected the letters written by Anandibai, newspaper reports on her, her poems in Marathi and rare photographs of her to craft the biography of her life. This book resembles an epistolary style in its narrative quality accompanied by annotations and explanations by the author and Editors. Anandibai, who was graduated in western medicine at America, lived during the nineteenth century pre-independence India where access to basic education was a distant dream. This book stands as a witness to practices of child marriage, physical and emotional abusement on women. (Kosambi, 19) ‘In childhood the mind is immature and the body undeveloped. And you know how I acted on these occasions. If I had left, you at that immature age, as you kept on suggesting, what would have happened? (And any number of girls have left their homes because of harassment from mothers-in-law and husbands). I did not do so because I was afraid that my ill-considered behaviour would tarnish my father’s honour… And I requested you not to spare me, but to kill me. In out society, for centuries there has been no legal barrier between husband and wives; and if it exists, it works against women! Such being the vase, I had no recourse but to allow you to hit me with chairs and bear it with equanimity. A Hindu woman has not right to utter a word or to advise her husband. On the contrary she has right to allow her husband to do what he wishes and to keep quiet.’

scholarly journals From ‘the mind isolated with the body’ to ‘the mind being embodied’: Contemporary approaches to the philosophy of the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Duoyi Fei
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Mind

In the interpretation of the body in the 20th century, philosophy placed less emphasis than before on its natural composition and sought to integrate value judgements from different perspectives. The philosophy of the body addresses the deepest essential problems of human society and culture, it generates a uniquely detailed analysis of human nature and its various roles and performances in social operations, and it reveals contemporary society’s operating mechanisms and deep internal contradictions. Accordingly, philosophy no longer gives the mind any priority or superiority in terms of cognition, and the focus of research has moved away from pure consciousness and towards the body. Contemporary philosophical exploration of the body covers both the concept of belongingness and the feasibility of bodily freedom. It not only foregrounds the impossibility of viewing the body and the mind as separate entities but also leads us to examine the connections between humans and the world, taking meaning, reason and the body as their basis. This paper explores the connections between body and thought in modern philosophy, traces the development of philosophy’s increasing concern with the body, elucidates the main contributions of representative figures in the field of philosophy of the body, and analyses the methodological significance and influence of the philosophy of the body as a contemporary philosophical trend.

Custom and Habit in Physiology and the Science of Human Nature in the British Enlightenment

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
David Hume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Joseph Butler ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
William Cullen ◽  
Philosophical Writings

In this paper I show how what came to be known as “the double law of habit,” first formulated by Joseph Butler in a discussion of moral psychology in 1736, was taken up and developed by medical physiologists William Porterfield, Robert Whytt, and William Cullen as they disputed fundamental questions regarding the influence of the mind on the body, the possibility of unconscious mental processes, and the nature and extent of voluntary action. The paper shows, on a particular topic, the overlap between eighteenth-century philosophical writings on the science of human nature on the one hand, and medical writings and lectures in physiology on the other. Other early modern writers discussed in the paper include René Descartes, Herman Boerhaave and David Hume.


Insight of Trividha Roga Ayatana (Three Principal Causes of Diseases) Mentioned in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sudama Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Body State ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Body Components ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Insight Into

Disease is as old as mankind itself. Man has always tried to understand natural phenomena and attempted to give his own explanation to it. According to Ayurveda, disease is a state of the body and mind that gives pain and discomfort to us. The cause of disturbance of the normal balance between the mind and body can be external, Agantuka, or internal, Nija. It means that the internal environment of the body is at constant interaction with the outside world. Disorder occurs when these two are out of balance. Hence to change the internal environment, to bring it at balance with the external world, it is important to understand the process of disease occurrence within the mind and body state. Ayurveda provides extensive insight into the concept and process of disease. According to Ayurveda, the root cause of any disease is always the imbalance of tridoshas, or body humours which further manifests as imbalance in other body components inevitably leading to diseases. Three main causes are misuse of intellect (pragyapradha), misuse of senses (Asatmendriyartha samyoga), seasonal variations (parinama or kala). Key words: Ayurveda, Roga, tridosha, trividha roga ayatana, pragyapradh, asatmendriyartha samyog, parinama.

The Nature of the Union of Mind and Body in Spinoza

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Jaquet
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Parallelism Model

The first chapter has three parts: – An analysis of the givens of the problem – A critique of the parallelism issue – The definition and nature of equality, which expresses the link between body and mind in Spinoza Spinoza conceives of the body and mind as one and the same thing expressed in two ways, under the attribute of thought, and under the attribute of extension. The problem is finding out how these two ways interrelate and come together, in order to understand human nature. Most commentators have interpreted the mind-body relationship according to the psychophysical parallelism model imported from Leibniz, which is unsatisfactory because it introduces a duality where there is unity, and reduces the differences of expression to the uniformity of self-replicating lines. That is why we must return to Spinoza's text, in order to inventory the terms he uses to expresses the mind-body union. The author's analysis reveals that the key concepts are equality and simultaneity. It then becomes necessary to examine psychophysical equality and simultaneity, and the special occasions on which they appear in Spinoza's corpus. That is why studying the affects becomes crucial – it makes it possible to comprehend the mind and body at the same time.

Człowiek jako dynamiczna jednostka duchowo-cielesna w nauczaniu św. Maksyma Wyznawcy

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 205-230
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Entire Universe ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Maximus The Confessor ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Individual Human

In St. Maximus the Confessor’s teaching human nature consists of the soul and the body, in which logos of power that unifies them together is inscribed. Human nature manifests itself in the individual human being. The human being as the body and the soul naturally longs for God. This longing is fulfilled by the movement, which is connected to dynamism of the entire human structure. The dynamism is inscribed in the mind, reason, spirit, will, sense, passionate powers and body. The dynamic aspiration for God does not imply getting rid of any of the human elements, even passionate and bodily, but on the contrary, it demands ap­preciation and proper use of all the natural powers of the human being. Maximus the Confessor treats the human being as a whole. The human is not only mind, reason and spirit, but also will, sense, passionate powers and body. The dynamism of mental and spiritual sphere should be extended in the senses, passionate pow­ers and body, so that the body also becomes the source of virtues, and is deified together with the soul through unity with the Absolute. This unity as the goal of human longing will never be static, but dynamic, because the fulfillment of this longing is the state with eternal movement. So human being will constantly strive for even more perfect unity with God. Through this unity the human being becomes more human. The originality of the Author consists in the fact that using the anthropological views of the earlier tradition and interpreting them mystically and symbolically, he intertwined the entire dynamism of human being with the structure of the Platonic world. The human being through the longing for God and through the proper use of natural powers mystically unites with God not only himself/herself, but also the entire universe, because the structure of the human being is analogous to the structure of the universe.

Can we get human nature right?

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (39) ◽  
pp. e2108274118
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Mind

Few questions in science are as controversial as human nature. At stake is whether our basic concepts and emotions are all learned from experience, or whether some are innate. Here, I demonstrate that reasoning about innateness is biased by the basic workings of the human mind. Psychological science suggests that newborns possess core concepts of “object” and “number.” Laypeople, however, believe that newborns are devoid of such notions but that they can recognize emotions. Moreover, people presume that concepts are learned, whereas emotions (along with sensations and actions) are innate. I trace these beliefs to two tacit psychological principles: intuitive dualism and essentialism. Essentialism guides tacit reasoning about biological inheritance and suggests that innate traits reside in the body; per intuitive dualism, however, the mind seems ethereal, distinct from the body. It thus follows that, in our intuitive psychology, concepts (which people falsely consider as disembodied) must be learned, whereas emotions, sensations, and emotions (which are considered embodied) are likely innate; these predictions are in line with the experimental results. These conclusions do not speak to the question of whether concepts and emotions are innate, but they suggest caution in its scientific evaluation.

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