scholarly journals Thyroid hormone in health and disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Boelaert ◽  
J A Franklyn
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

Thyroid disease is common, affecting around 2% of women and 0.2% of men in the UK. Our understanding of the effects of thyroid hormones under physiological circumstances, as well as in pathological conditions, has increased dramatically during the last two centuries and it has become clear that overt thyroid dysfunction is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Both hypo-and hyperthyroidism and their treatments have been linked with increased risk from cardiovascular disease and the adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis in terms of osteoporosis risk are well established. Although the evidence suggests that successful treatment of overt thyroid dysfunction significantly improves overall survival, the issue of treating mild or subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism remains controversial. Furthermore, the now well-established effects of thyroid hormones on neurodevelopment have sparked a whole new debate regarding the need to screen pregnant women for thyroid function abnormalities. This review describes the current evidence of the effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular, skeletal and neurological systems, as well as the influence of thyroid diseases and their treatments on the development of malignancy. Furthermore we will describe some recent developments in our understanding of the relationship between thyroid status and health.

scholarly journals Thyroid and Aging or the Aging Thyroid? An Evidence-Based Analysis of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Aggarwal ◽  
Salman Razvi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Action Change

Thyroid hormone production, metabolism, and action change with aging. The reference ranges for serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormones are derived mainly from younger populations. Thus, the prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is increased greatly in the elderly. However, it is unclear whether mild thyroid dysfunction in the elderly is associated with adverse outcomes. In this review, we discuss current evidence-based literature on thyroid function in the elderly and whether subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly should be treated.

scholarly journals Low serum selenium in pregnancy is associated with reduced T3 and increased risk of GDM

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Pierre Hofstee ◽  
Janelle James-McAlpine ◽  
Daniel R McKeating ◽  
Jessica J Vanderlelie ◽  
James S M Cuffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Serum

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders affecting women commencing pregnancy. Thyroid hormone metabolism is strongly influenced by selenium status; however, the relationship between serum selenium concentrations and thyroid hormones in euthyroid pregnant women is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between maternal selenium and thyroid hormone status during pregnancy by utilizing data from a retrospective, cross-sectional study (Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool or MONT study) with cohorts from two tertiary care hospitals in South East Queensland, Australia. Pregnant women (n = 206) were recruited at 26–30 weeks gestation and serum selenium concentrations were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid function parameters were measured in serum samples from women with the lowest serum selenium concentrations (51.2 ± 1.2 µg/L), women with mean concentrations representative of the entire cohort (78.8 ± 0.4 µg/L) and women with optimal serum selenium concentrations (106.9 ± 2.3 µg/L). Women with low serum selenium concentrations demonstrated reduced fT3 levels (P < 0.05) and increased TPOAb (P < 0.01). Serum selenium was positively correlated with fT3 (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with TPOAb (P < 0.001). Serum fT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were not different between all groups, though the fT4/TSH ratio was increased in the low selenium cohort (P < 0.05). Incidence of pregnancy disorders, most notably gestational diabetes mellitus, was increased within the low serum selenium cohort (P < 0.01). These results suggest selenium status in pregnant women of South East Queensland may not be adequate, with possible implications for atypical thyroid function and undesirable pregnancy outcomes.

Beyond evidence-based policy and practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Mike Fisher
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper concerns the impact of social work research, particularly on practice and practitioners. It explores the politics of research and how this affects practice, the way that university-based research understands practice, and some recent developments in establishing practice research as an integral and permanent part of the research landscape. While focusing on implications for the UK, it draws on developments in research across Europe, North America and Australasia to explore how we can improve the relationship between research and practice.

scholarly journals SAT-LB80 Elevated Pre-Op Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated With Increased 30-Day Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariq Rashid Masoodi ◽  
Rameesa Batul ◽  
Khurram Maqbool ◽  
Amir Zahoor ◽  
Mona Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormones

Abstract BACKGROUND: The association between thyroid dysfunction and postoperative mortality is contentious. Thyroid function is frequently depressed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgical procedures, and this may adversely affect myocardial performance and postop outcome.OBJECTIVES: To study i) the changes and clinical significance of serum thyroid hormones during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and ii) the association between biochemically assessed peri-op thyroid function and 30-day mortality after CBPSTUDY DESIGN: Prospective Cohort StudySUBJECTS: 279 patients undergoing various cardiac surgeries under cardiopulmonary bypass.METHODS: All consenting patients undergoing open heart surgery in last five years at a tertiary care centre in North-India were studied. The thyroid hormone levels (Total T3, T4 and TSH) were measured before admission, and postoperatively on Day 1 & 7, and 3 months following surgery. The patients’ gender, age, weight, body mass index, heart disease details, previous cardiac surgeries, and cardiac surgery-related data such as pump time, aortic clamping time, hypothermia duration, postoperative hemodynamic status and postoperative use of inotropic drugs were recorded and analysed. Patients were classified as having biochemically overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, normal thyroid function, or non-classifiable state based on preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone and total T4 values. Outcome data were collected from hospital records. Biochemical thyroid dysfunction was not systematically treated. Outcomes measured were length of ICU stay, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.RESULTS: There was significant changes in thyroid function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (Fig 1). All patients showed a decrease in T3, T4 and TSH after surgery. Post-op complications were observed in 137 patients (49%) most common being atrial fibrillation (34%) followed by acute kidney injury (23%), infections (18%), dyselectrolytemia (7%), bleeding (1.4%) and ARDS (1.4%). Of 263 patients followed, eventually 26 patients expired with a mortality rate of 8.89% (95% CI, 0.4 - 19.4). Perioperatively, there was a significant correlation between 30-day with type of surgery (r, 0.26), aortic clamp time (r, 0.45), CBP time (r, 0.48), number of inotropes used (r, 0.57), hours of mechanical ventilation (r, 0.4), ICU stay (r, 0.13) and post-op complications (r, 0.24), as well as with the reduction in the thyroid hormone levels; 17 (7%), 3 (20%) and 6 (46%) patients of those with pre-op TSH level of &lt;6.5, &gt;6.5 and &gt;10.5 mIU/L expired (p &lt;0.001).CONCLUSION: Pre-op thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CBP. Excess mortality with elevated serum TSH levels suggests the importance of timely detection and intervention in individuals with thyroid dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery.Table of Contents oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFigures in parenthesis indicate ±Standard Deviation, unless indicated otherwise oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery

Evidence of the relationship of vigour and growth of newborn lambs with thyroid hormone concentration

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
P. Johnston ◽  
J. Roden ◽  
B. Merrell ◽  
W.A. Murray ◽  
W. Haresign
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Lambs are born with a well developed hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid system and are producing tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in significant quantities by birth. Thyroid hormones are high in the newborn lamb and appear to play an important role in adaptation, by the lamb, to the extra-uterine environment. The aims of this study were to look at the effects of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, on the neonatal lamb's ability to cope with the cold and its activity and vigour. Secondly to obtain preliminary estimates of the heritability of the two hormone concentrations and the lambs rectal temperature to see if they could potentially be useful indicators of the lambs genetic ability to thrive.

Meal-induced brown fat thermogenesis and thyroid hormone metabolism in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (5) ◽  
pp. E519-E524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Glick ◽  
S. Y. Wu ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
R. Reggio ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the meal-induced increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, determined by the level of GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and thyroid hormone metabolism have been examined. A single low-protein, high-carbohydrate meal resulted in a significant increase in the thermogenic activity of BAT. This effect on BAT thermogenesis was accompanied by significant increases in activity of thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase in the BAT (P less than 0.05) and liver (P less than 0.02) but not with any significant changes in serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones. The stimulatory effects of the meal on BAT thermogenesis and hepatic thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion persisted at least as late as 24 h after meal onset. Food deprivation for 40 h was associated with large reductions in serum concentrations of T3 (P less than 0.01) and T4 (P less than 0.001), but deprivation for 18 h had no significant effect on serum T3 and T4 concentrations. Our data indicate that the meal-induced increase in BAT thermogenesis can be independent from changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and suggest that T3 produced in BAT in response to feeding may play a role in the thermic response of this tissue to meals.

scholarly journals Why Can Insulin Resistance Be a Natural Consequence of Thyroid Dysfunction?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Brenta
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Differential Effects

Evidence for a relationship between T4 and T3 and glucose metabolism appeared over 100 years ago when the influence of thyroid hormone excess in the deterioration of glucose metabolism was first noticed. Since then, it has been known that hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance. More recently, hypothyroidism has also been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity. The explanation to this apparent paradox may lie in the differential effects of thyroid hormones at the liver and peripheral tissues level. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of thyroid hormones in glucose metabolism and analyze the mechanisms whereby alterations of thyroid hormones lead to insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Benhadi ◽  
W M Wiersinga ◽  
J B Reitsma ◽  
T G M Vrijkotte ◽  
G J Bonsel
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Child Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tsh Levels

BackgroundTo examine the relationship between maternal TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death.MethodCohort study of 2497 Dutch women. TSH, FT4, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations were determined at first booking. Child loss was operationalized as miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Women with overt thyroid dysfunction were excluded.ResultsTwenty-seven cases of child loss were observed. The mean TSH and FT4level in the women with child loss was 1.48 mU/l and 9.82 pmol/l compared with 1.11 mU/l and 9.58 pmol/l in women without child loss. The incidence of child loss increased by 60% (OR=1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–2.47)) for every doubling in TSH concentration. This association remained after adjustment for smoking, age, parity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, previous preterm deliveries, and previous preterm stillbirth/miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio=1.80 (95% CI: 1.07–3.03)). This was not true for FT4concentrations (OR=1.41 (95% CI: 0.21–9.40);P=0.724).ConclusionIn a cohort of pregnant women without overt thyroid dysfunction, the risk of child loss increased with higher levels of maternal TSH. Maternal FT4concentrations and child loss were not associated.

scholarly journals Prescription of the thyroid test results at the biochemistry laboratory in Antananarivo in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 019-024
Author(s):  
Rakotoniaina TL ◽  
Ranaivosoa MK ◽  
Rakotonindrina FI ◽  
Rakoto Alson OA ◽  
Rasamindrakotroka A
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
First Line ◽  
National Authority ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
The Mean

According to National Authority for Health, the isolated dosage of TSH, in first-line, is a sufficient supply for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid dysfunction. The purpose of this study are to determine the prevalence of prescriptions of thyroid test, evaluate the practices on the prescription of thyroid tests compared to international recommendations. It is a descriptive retropective study within a period of 12 months. All the files with a request for TSH and / or thyroid hormone were included in this study. All files with a previous thyroid check-up or as part of a dysthyroidism follow-up assessment were excluded. Among the 72600 prescriptions for biochemical tests, 184 corresponded to the prescription of thyroid tests, it means 0.25% compared to other biochemical blood tests recorded. Among the 184 prescriptions requesting thyroid tests,117 files were retained. The mean age of the patients was 42.3 years, with a sex ratio of 0.18. One hundred sixteen files included a request of TSH dosage; 28,21% included only a TSH dosage and 70.94% included a request of simultaneous TSH dosage with one of two thyroid hormones. One prescription (0.85%) asked for a thyroid hormones dosage only without preliminary TSH dosage. TSH ranged from <0.05 to 93.97µUI/mL. It was normal in 68.96%, reduced in 16.39% and increased in 14.65% of the dosages. The number of thyroid hormone dosage in first-line in this study is important. Their prescription should be adapted to current recommendations in order to avoid the additional cost of unnecessary dosages for patients.

scholarly journals Bone Microarchitectural Changes in Hyperthyroid Women Compared to a Normal Canadian Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A256-A257
Author(s):  
Terra G Arnason ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
Reza Behdani ◽  
Saija Kontulainen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Thyroid hormones play a critical role in bone physiology during childhood, but also impacts adult bone metabolism. Hyperthyroidism promotes accelerated bone turnover and bone remodelling which is associated with net loss of bone mineral density over time (BMD) and these changes have been quantitated using the gold standard of measuring BMD, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Ordinarily, biochemical thyroid hormone normalization restores BMD towards normal, yet an increased risk of fractures remains lifelong. DEXA, therefore, cannot explain the underlying etiology for fracture risk which may be due to undetected changes in bone microarchitecture. Our primary objective was to utilize an investigational 3-dimensional bone imaging technology, High Resolution peripheral Quantitative Tomography (HR-pQCT), to study bone microarchitecture in actively hyperthyroid women to determine if there are changes in cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture from that of age-matched controls. A subset of women were rescanned using HR-pCT after thyroid hormones had been normalized for at least 6 months to determine if there were cortical/trabecular architectural changes that reversed towards normal in these individual cases. We enrolled 20 hyperthyroid women (age 20–76) for this pilot study who had persistent TSH suppression for &gt;3 months (TSH&lt; 0.5, normal range: 0.5–4.49 mU/L) without secondary causes for bone loss. Their etiology was divided amongst TSH suppression for thyroid carcinoma, Grave’s disease and iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. HR-pQCT scans of the radius were compared to age-matched scans of normal females, available from the robust Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMOS) control cohort. Four participants were re-scanned after 6 months of TSH normalization to assess reversibility. The observed data showed statistically significant differences in key parameters of bone microarchitecture in hyperthyroidism, independent of etiology. We observed decreased cortical thickness and increased failure load as statistically different from age-matched controls. Increases in cortical bone porosity and decreases in volumetric bone density (cortical, trabecular and total) were notable but did not reach significance in this small study. Repeat scans following normalization of thyroid hormone levels revealed consistent (partial, nonsignificant) normalization of multiple bone microarchitecture elements including increased trabecular number/thickness, and decreased cortical porosity. These findings suggest that there are changes in both cortical and trabecular bone during active hyperthyroidism that may contribute to increased lifelong fracture risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document