scholarly journals The Personality of a Criminal in Criminological Studies of the Soviet Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Alexander Shesler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Value System ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Criminal Personality ◽  
Psychological Features

The paper describes the evolution of the views of Soviet criminologists on such element of its object as the personality of a criminal. As the anthropological approach to the personality of a criminal was dominant in the criminology of the pre-Soviet period, the first Soviet criminological studies of criminal personality were based on viewing a criminal as a person with metal deviations which should be corrected therapeutically. It is noted that the social character of the Marxist doctrine, its understanding of crime as a legacy of the exploitative society, as well as the fallacy of substituting the personality of a criminal by a that of a person who committed publically dangerous acts due to mental deviations in the early Soviet criminological studies led to the termination of such research. After the renaissance of criminological studies in mid-1960s, the personality of a criminal was not immediately included in the object of criminology as an independent element. The author singles out three approaches to researching the personality of a criminal in Soviet criminology: the psychological approach that identifies certain psychological features in the personality of a criminal (defects of legal consciousness, distortions of the value system, etc) or defines a criminal as a person alienated from society; the bio-social approach that characterizes a criminal as person who is genetically or psycho-pathologically predisposed to crime and who acts on this predisposition in an unfavorable social environment. It is concluded that, in the modern period, these approaches have created a basis for a complex study of the personality of a criminal, according to which it is viewed as an aggregate of social, biological and psychological features.

scholarly journals Research of psychological features of corruption criminals with the help of projective technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
M.V. Kroz ◽  
N.A. Ratinova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Value System ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Projective Technique ◽  
Psychological Features

The article presents the second part of the psychological study of the identity of corruption criminals. The results obtained by the projective method "color test of relations" in comparison with the data of survey methods presented earlier are presented. The theoretical basis of the study was the value-normative theory of the offender A. R. Ratinov, so the main attention was paid to the analysis of the value system of corrupt officials. Features of realized and unconscious valuable preferences of corruption criminals and law-abiding citizens were revealed, their comparison is carried out. The most and least significant values, defects of legal consciousness are defined.

Social-Psychological Models in Labor Motivation Analysis

2004 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Social Psychological Approach

Benefits of using social-psychological approach in the analysis of labor motivations are considered in the article. Classification of employees as objects of economic analysis is offered: "the economic man", "the man of the organization", "the social man" and "the asocial man". Related models give the opportunity to predict behavior of the firm in different situations, such as shocks of various nature.

MENELUSURI JEJAK DAN KIPRAH KIAI MOHAMMAD HASAN GENGGONG; DALAM MEMBANGUN KEPEMIMPINAN SPRITUAL-TRANSFORMATIF

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Chusnul Muali
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Transformative Leadership ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
School Students ◽  
Value System ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Science

Pesantren and social value system is the result of constructing kiai's thoughts and social actions as an inseparable entity. This study aims to interpret the role and social action of kiai Moh Hasan, both as a fighter (al-haiah al-jihaadi li'izzi al-Islaami wal muslimin) in the community as well as guidance and guidance for the community (al-haiah al ta 'awuny wa al takafuly wal al ittijaahi) and teaching in educational institutions (al-haiah al ta'lim wa al-tarbiyah), significantly contributes greatly to the social realities of society in Indonesia. Portrait of central figure kiai Moh Hasan can not be separated from the depth of his field of Islamic science, simplicity, kezuhudan, struggle, sincerity and generosity. This view, not only recognized among the people around the boarding school, students and colleagues, but also spread in some areas in Indonesia. The fame of kiai Moh Hasan among scholars, habaib and society has many karamah and some other privileges, not even a few from the social recognition of kiai Moh Hasan Genggong, because the kiai are believed to have closeness with God, thus perceived as auliya'Allah. Thus the role and social actions of the kiai above, gave birth to the value system, so as to influence and move the social action of other individuals. The internalization of the aforementioned values becomes social capital in building a spiritual-based transformative leadership, as a strong leadership model and conducts various changes in the social field, by transforming the value of the ethical values.

La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Papal Court

AbstractThe article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.

Scribal elites in Sultanate and Mughal Bengal

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumkum Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Geography ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Bengali Literature ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Middle Period

This article studies the importance of scribal skills in sustaining political regimes and the function of scribal careers in shaping and creating social and ritual status with particular reference to Bengal from the thirteenth till the eighteenth centuries. Based on histories of landed families, middle period Bengali literature and the large genealogical corpus (kulagranthas) of this region, the article surveys the social geography of literate–scribal communities and their long association with a number of Indo–Islamic regimes which ruled over Bengal during these centuries. The article explores the social and cultural implications of scribal careers as well as the educational and linguistic proficiencies which undergirded them. Finally, the article notes the role played by polities in regulating jati hierarchies and boundaries and comments on its implications for the period studied here as also for the colonial/modern period.

KUMYK SATIRICAL AND HUMOROUS PROSE OF THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Malik Alievich Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Social Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article considers the Kumyk satirical-humorous prose of the last thirty years on the example of the work of its prominent representatives A. Mamaev and G. Konakbiev, highlights its individual trends, content, artistic features. It is noted that in it, with the leading role of small genres, we can see the activation of a short story of an anecdotal form, the weakening of the social component against the background of increased writers’ attention to private phenomena, an appeal to traditional moral values, active operation by such comic means as playing words, transitions from the author's position to the position of characters, dynamic plots, spectacular finals, etc.

Youthful mothering? Exploring the meaning of adulthood and youthfulness within the maternal identity work of young Swedish mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sjöberg ◽  
Hanna Bertilsdotter-Rosqvist
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Maternal Identity ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Social ◽  
Responsible Adult

In this paper, we explore meanings of adulthood and youthfulness in relation to notions of life course, good motherhood, and girlhood among young mothers in Sweden. Our analysis was informed by a discursive psychological approach and was based on interview conversations with 17 mothers who were 13–25 years old at the birth of their first child. In our analysis, we identified two repertoires – the ‘social age’ repertoire and the ‘chronological age’ repertoire. The interviewees invoked the two repertoires to position themselves and others as either responsible adult mothers or as responsible youthful mothers. Meanings of adulthood are central within the idea of motherhood, and by deviating from their expected life course young mothers are often understood as non-adults who are incapable of fulfilling the developmental task of motherhood. Our work suggests that the maternal identity work of young mothers takes place within discourses of both adulthood and youthfulness.

Acting Out

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Role Modeling ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Value System ◽  
City Life ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Big City ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
The Right

In the turbulent context of interwar Polish politics, a period bookended by the right-wing nationalists’ repression of an ethnically heterogeneous state, several popular high-quality cabarets persisted in Warsaw even as they provoked and defied the nationalists’ harsh criticism. In their best, most influential incarnation, Qui pro Quo (1919–1932) and its successors, these literary cabarets violated the right’s value system through their shows’ insistent metropolitan focus, their stars’ role-modeling of immoral behavior and parodic impersonation, and their companies’ explicitly Jewish–Gentile collaboration. In the community of the cabaret, which was even more bohemian and déclassé than that of the legitimate theater, the social and ethnic antagonisms of everyday Warsaw society mattered relatively little. Writers and players bonded with each other, above all, in furious pursuit of fun, fortune, celebrity, artistic kudos, and putting on a hit show. This analysis details how the contents and stars of Qui pro Quo challenged right-wing values. Its shows advertised the capital as a sumptuous metropolis as well as a home to an eccentric array of plebeian and underworld types, including variations on the cwaniak warszawski enacted by comedian Adolf Dymsza. Its chief female stars—Zula Pogorzelska, Mira Zimińska, and Hanna Ordonówna—incarnated big-city glamour and sexual emancipation. Its recurring Jewish characters—Józef Urstein’s Pikuś and Kazimierz Krukowski’s Lopek—functioned as modern-day Warsaw’s everymen, beleaguered and bedazzled as they assimilated to city life. Qui pro Quo’s popular defense against an exclusionary nationalism showcased collaborative artistry and diverse, charismatic stars.

scholarly journals THE RISE OF THE AMBASSADRESS: ENGLISH AMBASSADORIAL WIVES AND EARLY MODERN DIPLOMATIC CULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEMMA ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractThis article reveals how the ambassadress became an important part of early modern diplomatic culture, from the invention of the role in the early sixteenth century. As resident embassies became common across the early modern period, wives increasingly accompanied these diplomatic postings. Such a development has, however, received almost no scholarly attention to date, despite recent intense engagement with the social and cultural dimensions of early modern diplomacy. By considering the activities of English ambassadresses from the 1530s to 1700, accompanying embassies both inside and outside of Europe, it is possible not only to integrate them into narratives of diplomacy, but also to place their activities within broader global and political histories of the period. The presence of the ambassadress changed early modern diplomatic culture, through the creation of gendered diplomatic courtesies, gendered gift-giving practices, and gendered intelligence-gathering networks. Through female sociability networks at their host court, ambassadresses were able to access diplomatic intelligence otherwise restricted from their husbands. This was never more true than for those ambassadresses who held bonds of friendship with politically influential women at their host or home court, allowing them to influence political decision-making central to the success of the diplomatic mission.

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