The Idea of Progress in the Context of Modern Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Maria Kondratyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial

The article explores the idea of social progress in the context of the history of human society. The author considers the concept of progress in interrelation with the three revolutions. The first revolution was an agrarian one, which established the dominant religious consciousness and dependence on the divine intervention. Accordingly, the idea of progress as opposed to the perfection of God was not dominant. The world of nature is born, develops, and dies. This approach prevailed for about seven thousand years: from the first civilizations to the XV - XVIII centuries. According to the Judeo-Christian tradition, after the fall, the world fell away from God. This understanding corresponds to the primordial approach and is also opposite to the idea of progress. In the Renaissance, the secularization of consciousness and culture begins. Culture and values are formed on the basis of religious Judeo-Christian values, but a man becomes the bearer and guarantor of these values. The ideas of humanism and worshipping of a human being as the main creator are reflected in philosophy, art, and painting. In accordance with this approach, the idea of progress is born. The idea of progress is fully formed and takes possession of the masses in the age of Enlightenment. During this period, the industrial revolution is taking place. In European culture, the primacy of rationality, machine labor and equality is asserted. But at the same time, the industrial revolution entailed many social crises that are still relevant today. The United States and Europe were gradually able to overcome the challenges of the industrial revolution and create a system of “capitalism with a human face”, while partially imposing their system on other countries where production is cheaper. Therefore, the problems of the so-called “wild capitalism” still take place in the third world countries. By the middle of the XX century, science became the leading factor in manufacturing. Society is changing from industrial to post-industrial. The article focuses on the problems and opportunities of the modern post-industrial society with all the accumulated baggage of the previous stages of development. Humanity has achieved great technological success, and the scientific and technological revolution has brought material benefits to society. But at the same time, the consumer society creates many problems. What is progress in the context of modern discourse? The answer to this question is the purpose of this article.

Global trends of development of services in the post-industrial society

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Меружан Аветисян ◽  
Meruzhan Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial

The concept of post-industrial society represents a society in which the economy as a result of the technological revolution and significant income growth went from pre-emptive priority production of goods to production of services, has recently become even more relevant. For example, the World Bank experts, authors of the report "Industry of the future: a new era of global growth and innovation" argue that if a country has reached the average level of well-being, the share of services in GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture. Currently, as post-industrial countries are classified those countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP. Fall under this criterion, in the first place, the United States (the service sector accounts for 79.4% of US GDP), European Union (the service sector is 69.4% of the GDP of the EU countries), and all developed countries. A comparative analysis of the service sector in Russia shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of the sector the transition of our country in the post-industrial stage of development is impossible. The post-industrial structure of the economy suggests that overall GDP of more than 50% is formed by the service sector. The rapid development of the service sector and the increase of its share in the gross national product are features of the country´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development. Only relatively recently came the understanding of the important role services can play in the process of integration into the global economy and the international division of labor. Overall condition of the Russian service sector shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of this sector, to speak of Russia´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development is prematurely. Comparative analysis of the dependence of the well-being of the world from the share of services in countries’ GDP, revealed a number of interesting facts that have enabled the author to supplement, clarify and restate the conclusion of international experts as follows: the service sector in the GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture if the country embarked on the path of the main characteristics of the post-industrial society - the development of services. The welfare of the country, in this case does not matter. Moreover, at present the number of countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP, is growing rapidly.

The Internet and the Trajectories of Technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Daniel Bell
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Tv ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Single Channels ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
E Mail

A new communications infrastructure has arisen throughout the world. The older infrastructure, sparked by the industrial revolution, was transportation - ports, railroads, highways, trucks, which made commerce and the exchange of materials and goods possible. And the new infrastructures of post-industrial society are Cable, Broadband, Digital TV, Optical Fibre, Fax, E-Mail, ISDN (Integrated System Digital Networks, combining data, text, voice, sound and image through single channels).

scholarly journals The Role of Values in Social Change: An Analysis from The Qur’ānic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Means Of Production

In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society.  It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.

scholarly journals An Agro-Based Society after Post-Industrial Society: From a Perspective of Economic Growth Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Hongyun Han ◽  
Sheng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Post Industrial

Since the Industrial Revolution, a new era has arisen called the Anthropocene, in which human actions have become the main driver of global environmental change outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene. During the Holocene, environmental change occurred naturally, and the Earth’s regulatory capacity maintained the conditions that enabled human development. Resource overexploitation of the industrial “Anthropocene”, under the principle of profit maximization, has led to planetary ecological crises, such as overloaded carbon sinks and climate changes, vanishing species, degraded ecosystems, and insufficient natural resources. Agro-based society, in which almost all demands of humans can be supported by agriculture, is characterized by life production. The substitution of Agro-based society for a post-industrial society is an evolutionary result of social movement, it is an internal requirement of a sustainable society for breaking through the resource constraint of economic growth. The core feature of agriculture is to use organisms as production objects and rely on life processes to achieve production goals. The substitution of Agro-based society for a post-industrial society is the precondition for a sustainable carbon cycle, breaking through the resource limits of the industrial “Anthropocene”, alleviating the environmental pressure of economic development, and promoting society from increasing disorderly entropy to orderly decreasing entropy. Meanwhile, technological advancements and growing environmental awareness of society make it feasible for the substitution of an agro-based society for a post-industrial society.

scholarly journals The Transformation of Labour and Employment in Post-Industrial Society

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Irina Rodionova ◽  
Aleksandr Sholudko
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
World Development

The Transformation of Labour and Employment in Post-Industrial Society The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of labour and employment in post-industrial society. Allocation shifts in industrial production have become characteristic features of the world economy. The structure of employment has also transformed in new conditions of world development.

Conclusions

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Rostow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

I have tried in this book to summarize where the world economy has come from in the past three centuries and to set out the core of the agenda that lies before us as we face the century ahead. This century, for the first time since the mid-18th century, will come to be dominated by stagnant or falling populations. The conclusions at which I have arrived can usefully be divided in two parts: one relates to what can be called the political economy of the 21st century; the other relates to the links between the problem of the United States playing steadily the role of critical margin on the world scene and moving at home toward a solution to the multiple facets of the urban problem. As for the political economy of the 21st century, the following points relate both to U.S. domestic policy and U.S. policy within the OECD, APEC, OAS, and other relevant international organizations. There is a good chance that the economic rise of China and Asia as well as Latin America, plus the convergence of economic stagnation and population increase in Africa, will raise for a time the relative prices of food and industrial materials, as well as lead to an increase in expen ditures in support of the environment. This should occur in the early part of the next century, If corrective action is taken in the private markets and the political process, these strains on the supply side should diminish with the passage of time, the advance of science and innovation, and the progressively reduced rate of population increase. The government, the universities, the private sector, and the professions might soon place on their common agenda the delicate balance of maintaining full employment with stagnant or falling populations. The existing literature, which largely stems from the 1930s, is quite illuminating but inadequate. And the experience with stagnant or falling population in the the world economy during post-Industrial Revolution times is extremely limited. This is a subject best approached in the United States on a bipartisan basis, abroad as an international problem. It is much too serious to be dealt with, as it is at present, as a domestic political football.

Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Herbert Spencer is chiefly remembered for his classical liberalism and his evolutionary theory. His fame was considerable during the mid- to late-nineteenth century, especially in the USA, which he visited in 1882 to be lionized by New York society as the prophetic philosopher of capitalism. In Britain, however, Spencer’s reputation suffered two fatal blows towards the end of his life. First, collectivist legislation was introduced to protect citizens from the ravages of the industrial revolution, and Spencer’s spirited defence of economic laissez-faire became discredited. Second, his evolutionary theory, which was based largely on the Lamarckian principle of the inheritance of organic modifications produced by use and disuse, was superseded by Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Nearly a century after his death, however, there is renewed interest in his ideas, partly because the world has become more sympathetic to market philosophies, and partly because the application of evolutionary principles to human society has become fashionable once more.

scholarly journals CDIO Approach in Developing Teacher Training Program to Meet Requirement of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nhi Thi Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Van Thai ◽  
Huong Thi Pham ◽  
Giang Chau Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
And Training

In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and integration of the Vietnamese economy into the global economy, Vietnam's education and training has been increasingly developed and increasingly deeply integrated into the world. The development of teacher training programs is considered an urgent issue, a prerequisite to contribute positively to the development of education and training in the country. However, the first period of integration shows that teachers have many limitations in practical skills, soft skills, and foreign languages when working in a modern environment. These limitations are due to many factors; one of the basic factors is that the training programs at teacher training facilities are mainly focused on knowledge towards approaching content. Therefore, the development of training programs in general and teacher training programs in particular in the direction of developing necessary skills that society requires learners to have, in order to work and develop their qualities after graduation, to meet the integration needs in the context of the industrial revolution 4.0 is an important trend in the world and especially for Vietnam in the current period. CDIO stands for words: Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate. It is a solution to improve the quality of training to meet social requirements, on the basis of determining the outcome standards, developing programs and training plans; It is also the idea of universities, technical institutes of the United States and Sweden in the early 90s of the last century with the intention of training students after graduation with full knowledge and skills such as: communication skills, personal skills ... and immediate access to the labor market, meeting the needs of the business. In this article, we focus on the solution to develop teacher training programs under the CDIO approach to meet the requirements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in higher education institutions in Vietnam.

Industrialization, Hubs, and Catch-up

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch Up

This chapter analyses the striking changes in the geographical distribution of manufacturing production amongst countries and across continents since 1750, a period that spans more than two-and-a-half centuries, which could be described as the movement of industrial hubs in the world economy over time. Until around 1820, world manufacturing production was concentrated in China and India. The Industrial Revolution, followed by the advent of colonialism, led to deindustrialization in Asia and, by 1880, Britain became the world industrial hub that extended to northwestern Europe. The United States surpassed Britain in 1900, and was the dominant industrial hub in the world until 2000. During 1950 to 2000, the relative, though not absolute, importance of Western Europe diminished, and Japan emerged as a significant industrial hub, while the other new industrial hub, the USSR and Eastern Europe, was short lived. The early twenty-first century, 2000–2017, witnessed a rapid decline of the United States, Western Europe, and Japan as industrial hubs, to be replaced largely by Asia, particularly China. This process of shifting hubs, associated with industrialization in some countries and deindustrialization in other countries in the past, might be associated with premature deindustrialization in yet other countries in the future.

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

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