scholarly journals Antagonistic bioagent mechanisms of controlling potato soft rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Osei ◽  
Chengde Yang ◽  
Lingxiao Cui ◽  
Lijuan Wei ◽  
Mengjun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Yield Production

Bacterial antagonists are effective as an alternative to synthetic bactericides in the control of potato soft rot. The use of bioagents reduces the application of synthetic bactericides, which are harmful to humans and the environment. However, the mechanisms of some bioagents, such as some fungi and bacteria, are not yet understood. This paper reviews the current situation of potato soft rot, biological controls, antagonistic bioagents and their mechanisms, application strategies and future directions in today’s agriculture. These mechanisms include mycoparasitism, competition, rhizosphere colonisation, synthesis and release of metabolites. Bioagents increased the defensive system of plants by increasing the antioxidants genes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and eventually increased the plant growth and yield production.  

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Singh ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
Iram Khan ◽  
Rose Rizvi ◽  
M. Saquib
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover,  Rhizobium leguminosarum  influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words:  Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010  

Zinc oxide nanoparticles help to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizan ◽  
Fangyuan Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Ahmad Faraz ◽  
Shamsul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agricultural Yield

: Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is a main concern of environmentalists in the present time. To get food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps to better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are influencing the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-NPs on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative activities in various plants have also been examined properly. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-ZnO-NPs research.

scholarly journals Crude Citric Acid of Trichoderma asperellum: Tomato Growth Promotor and Suppressor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽  
WesamEldin I. A. Saber ◽  
Khalid M. Ghoneem ◽  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Amira A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments

Presently, the bioprocessing of agricultural residues to various bioactive compounds is of great concern, with the potential to be used as plant growth promoters and as a reductive of various diseases. Lycopersiconesculentum, one of the most consumed crops in the human diet, is attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, so the main aim is to biocontrol the pathogen. Several fungal species were isolated from decayed maize stover (MS). Trichodermaasperellum was chosen based on its organic acid productivity and was molecularly identified (GenBank accession number is MW195019). Citric acid (CA) was the major detected organic acid by HPLC. In vitro, CA of T.asperellum at 75% completely repressed the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In vivo, soaking tomato seeds in CA enhanced the seed germination and vigor index. T. asperellum and/or its CA suppressed the wilt disease caused by FOL compared to control. There was a proportional increment of plant growth and yield, as well as improvements in the biochemical parameters (chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic contents and peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities), suggesting targeting both the bioconversion of MS into CA and biological control of FOL.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

Effects of early season waterlogging on maize growth and yield

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Mason ◽  
KE Pritchard ◽  
DR Small
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Final Harvest

Five irrigation treatments (0, 2, 6 and 24 h ponding in furrows plus a 6-h flooded treatment) were applied at the first two irrigations after emergence of a maize crop. Water was ponded for 6 h in the furrows or on the flooded plots at each of the 10 subsequent irrigations.The irrigation treatments had a significant effect on plant growth, resulting in final DM yields of 22.3, 19.7, 19.2, 18.7 and 13.9 t/ha for the 0, 2,6, 24 h furrow irrigations and the 6 h flood treatment respectively. The 2, 6 and 24 h furrow treatments did not perform differently in any of the parameters measured, indicating that a threshold level of waterlogging was reached in all three compared with the zero ponding treatment.Nitrogen applications of 25 kg N/ha to the soil or foliage prior to each of the first two irrigations did not reduce the severity of the waterlogging treatments, despite herbage N levels being significantly depressed in the flooded plots. Similarly, soil fungicide application did not mitigate the waterlogging effects.Individual plants within the treatment populations differed greatly in their response to the waterlogging treatments. The effect on individual plants persisted until final harvest. Cultural methods which may prevent the yield losses associated with the first irrigation of maize are discussed.

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