scholarly journals Iodine concentrations in cow’s milk in Central and Northern Bohemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hejtmánková ◽  
L. Kuklík ◽  
E. Trnková ◽  
H. Dragounová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
On Farm

Iodine deficiency and related risks of medical and/or developmental disorders in humans are a worldwide problem. In the last years, Czech endocrinologists and paediatricians have observed a significant increase in the occurrence of goitre in children and adolescents caused by a low dietary intake of iodine. Given the low consumption of seafood, milk and dairy products are the main sources of iodine in theCzechRepublic. Iodine contents of milk of dairy cows of different breeds from seven farms located in Central andNorthern Bohemia were studied over a period of 17 months (April 2000 through August 2001). Iodine content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) based on IDF Standard 167 (1994), following alkaline mineralization of the sample. An analysis of the certified reference material CRM 063 was used to examine the accuracy of determination. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with and without replications, including Scheffe’s comparison at a 5% level of significance, was used for statistical evaluation of experimental data. The iodine content of milk ranged from 147 to 605 µg/kg (mean 251  110 µg/kg) during the winter season, and from 35 to 484 µg/kg (mean 212  104 µg/kg) during the summer season. The mean iodine concentration in all samples of milk during the studied period was 225  109 μg/kg.The wide range of iodine concentrations is connected with differences in iodine saturation of dairy cows and it is a result of multiple factors. Iodine reserves in the soil play an important role and influence the content of iodine in feeds for dairy cows and thereby the iodine levels in milk. The presence of goitrogenic substances in feed for dairy cows is another important factor. The iodine content was found to be statistically significantly lower in the milk from dairy cows fed a diet enriched with rapeseed cakes compared to that of dairy cows on a diet without rapeseed cake. Dairy cows on farm F6, which were fed maize silage without added rapeseed cake during winter, had a statistically higher iodine content in milk during the winter season compared to summer, when they were fed fresh fodder. Fresh fodder is supposed to contain goitrogenic substances which significantly reduce iodine levels in milk. This opinion is supported by experimental findings that the date of milk sample collection has no statistically significant influence on milk iodine levels if the dairy cows are fed a diet containing added rapeseed cake (farms F1, F2, F3, and F4) throughout the year. Compared to the other farms, statistically significantly higher milk iodine content was found on farm F5. The mean iodine content in milk from farm F5 was 425  74 μg/kg during the studied period. The main cause is probably that the diet contained no rapeseed cake.  

Evaluation of intraocular penetration of levofloxacin by high performance liquid chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Mahsa Hasanzadeh ◽  
◽  
Amir Heydari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

AIM: To evaluate the levofloxacin eye drop into human eye penetration, levofloxacin eye drop concentrations in human ocular aqueous of 33 patients undergoing cataract surgery were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS: Totally 33 volunteer patients who scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery received one drop of levofloxacin every 6h for 3d before and on the day of surgery, administration of drug was stopped 1h before surgery. Levofloxacin concentration in aqueous humor was measured by HPLC method with fluorescence detector. RESULTS: A simple, effective and sensitive HPLC method for determination of levofloxacin in human ocular aqueous was validated. Linearity was shown for levofloxacin concentration over a wide range of 1.95×10-3-1.50 µg/mL. The mean aqueous level of levofloxacin was 0.3399±0.03405 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: Results from the present study demonstrate that topical administration of levofloxacin 0.5% before cataract surgery with routine dose (one drop every 6h) unable to reach MIC90 for most common microorganism causing acute bacterial endophthalmitis.

scholarly journals In vitro production of embryos from high performance cows and the development of frozen-thawed embryos after transfer: a field study

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Machatkova ◽  
P. Hulinska ◽  
Z. Reckova ◽  
K. Hanzalova ◽  
J. Spanihelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fresh Embryos ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

In this field study, embryos were derived from genetically highly valuable cows excluded from breeding due to reproductive disorders. Cows, 5 to 10 years old, of Czech Siemmental, Holstein Dairy and Beef Cattle breeds were used as oocyte donors. Oocytes were obtained either in the growth phase of the first follicular wave from cows with synchronized oestrus or in any other phases of follicular development from cows without oestrus synchronization. The embryos were prepared by a standard protocol described previously. The mean number of usable oocytes, transferable and freezable embryos per donor, and the mean percentage of usable, transferable and freezable embryos were assessed. The results were analyzed by Student’s-<I>t</I> and Chi-squared tests. The embryos were frozen according to a slow freezing protocol. After thawing, they were transferred to recipients on Day 7 after oestrus. Irrespective of the breed, the mean numbers of usable oocytes and transferable and freezable embryos collected per donor were significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for the synchronized than for the nonsynchronized donors (20.4 vs 11.7, 4.3 vs 1.0 and 3.2 vs 0.8, respectively). Similarly, the mean percentages of usable oocytes, transferable and freezable embryos were significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for the synchronized than for the nonsynchronized donors (28.5% vs 20.5%, 20.9% vs 9.0% and 15.8% vs 6.5%, respectively). On comparison of the synchronized and nonsynchronized donors of each breed, the difference in the mean percentage of usable oocytes was significant (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in cows of all three breeds, the difference in the mean percentage of transferable embryos was significant in Czech Siemmental and Holstein Dairy cows (<I>P</I> < 0.01) and the difference in the mean percentage of freezable embryos was significant only in Holstein Dairy cows (P < 0.01). After the transfer of 41 frozen-thawed embryos and 43 fresh embryos, 20 heifers and 24 heifers became pregnant, respectively. In conclusion: (a) higher number of oocytes from infertile, genetically valuable cows was recovered in the growth phase compared with the other phases of follicular development; (b) greater development of these oocytes resulted in more embryos for transfer and cryopreservation; (c) the transfer of frozen-thawed and fresh embryos resulted in pregnancy rates of 48.8% and 55.8% , respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk as influenced by the inclusion of extruded rapeseed cake in the diet of dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Veselý ◽  
L. Křížová ◽  
J. Třináctý ◽  
S. Hadrová ◽  
M. Navrátilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Rapeseed Cake

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of extruded rapeseed cake in diets of dairy cows on changes in milk fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk and on the thyroid gland status. An experiment was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows divided into 2 groups – experimental (R) fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake and control (S) fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soya. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 42 days (21 days of preliminary period and 21 days of experimental period). Samples of milk and blood were taken three times a week during the experimental period. DMI was not affected by the treatment (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Milk yield and 4% FCM were lower in R compared to S (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Percentages of milk fat and protein were higher in R than in S (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The total content of SFA and UFA was not affected by the treatment (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, the content of MUFA in R was higher (34.71 g/100 g) and the content of PUFA was lower (4.00 g/100 g) than in S (32.14 and 5.54 g/100 g, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The contents of C18:2 and C18:3 isomers and metabolites in R were lower than in S (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The content of <I>cis</I>-9, <I>trans</I>-11 CLA and <I>trans</I>-10, <I>cis</I>-12 CLA was lower in R (0.71 and 0.016 g/100 g) compared to S (0.97 and 0.022 g/100 g, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The index of atherogenicity and peroxidisability in R was lower than in S (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The index of desaturation was not affected by the treatment (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The mean daily intake of glucosinolates (Gls) in R was 50.14 mmol and resulted in a significant decrease in iodine concentration in milk in R (196.7 &mu;g/l) in comparison with S (367.0 &mu;g/l, <i>P</i> < 0.05) resulting in the lower daily iodine output in milk in R compared to S (4.4 and 9.2 mg/day, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Concentrations of T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> in blood plasma were not affected by the treatment (<i>P</i> > 0.05).

scholarly journals Distribution of Linezolid in Tuberculosis Lesions in Patients with Spinal Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Weijie Dong ◽  
Tinglong Lan ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Shibing Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Linezolid has strong antimicrobial activity against the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known about the distribution of linezolid in tuberculosis (TB) lesions in patients with MDR-TB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of linezolid in TB lesions in patients with spinal MDR-TB. Nine patients with spinal MDR-TB were enrolled prospectively from August 2019 to February 2020. The patients received a linezolid-containing anti-TB treatment regimen and needed surgery for the removal of TB lesions. During the operation, nine blood samples, eight diseased bone tissue samples, seven pus samples, and four granulation tissue samples were collected simultaneously and 2 h after the oral administration of 600 mg of linezolid. Linezolid concentrations in plasma, diseased bone tissue, pus, and granulation tissue samples were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. At sample collection, the mean concentrations of linezolid in plasma, diseased bone tissue, pus, and granulation tissue samples of the nine patients were 11.14 ± 5.82, 5.94 ± 4.27, 11.09 ± 4.58, and 14.08 ± 10.61 mg/liter, respectively. The mean ratios of linezolid concentration in diseased bone/plasma, pus/plasma, and granulation/plasma were 53.84%, 91.69%, and 103.57%, respectively. The mean ratios of linezolid concentration in pus/plasma and granulation/plasma were higher than those in diseased bone/plasma, and the difference was statistically significant (t = −2.810, P = 0.015; t = −4.901, P = 0.001). In conclusion, linezolid had different concentration distributions in different types of TB-infected tissues in patients with spinal MDR-TB.

A high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the mycotoxin phomopsin A in lupin stubble

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Hancock ◽  
P Vogel ◽  
DS Petterson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

An assay using high performance liquid chromatography to measure phomopsin A, the principal mycotoxin responsible for lupinosis is described. Samples of lupin stubble are extracted with methanol: water and purified by partitioning between n-butanol and water, chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 and by cation exchange chromatography. The analysis is performed on a reverse phase C18 column using a methanol:water gradient and UV detection. The limit of detection for this procedure is 0.5 mg phomopsin A per kg stubble. Improvements to the extraction and purification procedures were made and total analysis time was reduced to 2 days. The mean (� s.d.) recovery for the purification procedure was 64.3 � 4.5% over a wide range of concentrations.

Prediction of the voluntary intake potential of grass silage by sheep and dairy cows from laboratory silage measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
D. S. Percival ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Incomplete Block ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractNinety-four silages were made over 5 years from predominantly perennial ryegrass swards using a range of cutting dates (19 May to 18 September), wilting periods (0 to 48 h) and additives (none, acids, inoculants, sugar, sugar + acids, sugar + inoculants). A wide range of silage composition was achieved (CV for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), digestible organic matter (DOMD), lactic acid, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and sugar were 0–2. Silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) was measured for 88 silages using lambs (mean live weight (M) 28 kg) given silage as their sole diet in four incomplete block design experiments using four lambs per silage and a standard hay given every third period for covariance correction. Thirty-four of the silages were also evaluated using early lactation cows (M, 561 kg and milk yield 27 kg/day) with 7 kg/day of concentrate in eight incomplete block change-over experiments each using 12 cows.Intakes (SDMI mean, range, s.d. glkg M075) were 56, 25 to 84, 13·7 for lambs and 90, 64 to 119, 13·4 for cows. Scaling lamb SDMI by M1'47 accounted best for the effect of lamb weight on intake (mean, range 5·07, 2·43 to 7·68). Silage predictors were grouped as follows: traditional values (BASAL) - DM, CP, organic matter (OM), DOMD,neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), pH, acid hydrolysed ether extract (AHEE); silage fermentation values obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); or by electrometric titration (ET); and near infra-red reflectance spectra (NIRS) obtained on either 100°C dried (NIRSdry) orfreshsamples (NIRSwetl using a vertical transport mechanism and NIRSwet2 using a rotating cup). The most useful predictors within each group were firstly identified by step-wise multiple linear regression and models were then derived by partial least squares.Standard errors of cross validation (SECV) obtained by the ‘leave one out’ method were for lamb SDMI (g/M1·47) 0·81, 0·81, 0·75, 0·52, 0·82 and 0·56 for BASAL, BASAL + HPLC, BASAL + ET, NIRSdry, NIRSwetl and NIRSwet2 respectively. Corresponding values for cows (g/M0·75) were 7·3, 7·3, 5·9, 5·1, 6·2, and 2·5. Inclusion of fermentation measurements made by ET, but not by HPLC, improved SDMI prediction over that obtainedfromthe BASAL set. However, NIRSdry and NIRSwet2 were the most accurate methods giving values for s.d. (reference population)ISECV of 2·27 and 2·13 for lambs and 2·65 and 5·28 for dairy cows. Use of these methods in advisory silage evaluation should substantially reduce the errors of predicting the intake potential ofgrass silages.

Placental Transfer of Vitamin K1 and Its Implications in Fetal Hemostasis

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-043 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mandelbrot ◽  
M Guillaumont ◽  
M Leclercq ◽  
J J Lefrère ◽  
D Gozin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Prothrombin Activity ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
The Mean

SummaryVitamin K status was evaluated using coagulation studies and/ or vitamin IQ assays in a total of 53 normal fetuses and 47 neonates. Second trimester fetal blood samples were obtained for prenatal diagnosis under ultrasound guidance. Endogenous vitamin K1 concentrations (determined by high performance liquid chromatography) were substantially lower than maternal levels. The mean maternal-fetal gradient was 14-fold at mid trimester and 18-fold at birth. Despite low vitamin K levels, descarboxy prothrombin, detected by a staphylocoagulase assay, was elevated in only a single fetus and a single neonate.After maternal oral supplementation with vitamin K1, cord vitamin K1 levels were boosted 30-fold at mid trimester and 60 fold at term, demonstrating placental transfer. However, these levels were substantially lower than corresponding supplemented maternal levels. Despite elevated vitamin K1 concentrations, supplemented fetuses and neonates showed no increase in total or coagulant prothrombin activity. These results suggest that the low prothrombin levels found during intrauterine life are not due to vitamin K deficiency.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

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