scholarly journals China in the Perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Ponkratova ◽  
◽  
Daria A. Tarakanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Body ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

The aim of the study is to form a holistic image of China as presented in the artistic and journalistic works of Fyodor Dostoevsky. The article examines the issue of China’s place in Dostoevsky’s works and its special significance for the formation of a holistic picture of the writer’s world. A broad historical and cultural background is presented, showing the relevance of Dostoevsky’s views on Chinese issues. Despite the existence of works devoted to the Chinese issue in the writer’s work, the issue of the place and significance of China in the writer’s heritage has not yet been resolved. For the first time, a number of fragments are introduced into academic discourse that reveal Chinese problems in the writer’s works. The imagological concept unfolds on the broad material of the entire body of Dostoevsky’s texts, bringing the scholarly apparatus of research to a new level. The article uses the following works: White Nights, Humiliated and Insulted, The Village of Stepanchikovo, The House of the Dead, The Idiot, Crime and Punishment, The Possessed, The Brothers Karamazov, the poem “On European Events in 1854”, A Writer’s Diary, preparatory materials for A Writer’s Diary, notebooks of 1864 and 1865. It is concluded that the understanding of the Chinese theme is in harmony with the general journalistic trends of the second half of the 19th century, on the one hand; on the other hand, the unique place of China in Dostoevsky’s creative mind is emphasized. A clear structure of the constituents that form the writer’s idea of China is proposed. China is considered in several significant aspects. China is a symbol of the alien and the distant. China is like a set of clichés and a fashion for Chinese household items. China is a real threat to the outskirts of Russia, Siberia. These positions are consistently analyzed in the article. The article also analyzes the Chinese attributes found in different works by Dostoevsky, demonstrates the writer’s acquaintance with the clichéd idea of China. The position of understanding China as a symbol of the alien and the distant is considered in detail. The article shows how the author imposes the realities of Chinese statehood and the principles of organizing society on Russian reality based on the key theme of chaos and disorder. Particular attention is paid to the perception of China as a real threat to the outskirts of Russia. In considering this aspect, Dostoevsky’s geopolitical ideas about the place and role of Siberia in the issue of the revival of Russia are touched upon. The need to expand the understanding of the specifics of Dostoevsky’s Asian views is shown by including a detailed analysis of China and the Asian outskirts of Russia, which undoubtedly are part of the writer’s circle of special reflections on the role and mission of Russia.

scholarly journals “EVANGELICAL TEXT” OF THE NOVEL “CRIME AND PUNISHMENT” IN VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hoan ◽  
Galina G. Yermilova
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The article for the first time explores the translation of the ‟evangelical text” of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel ‟Crime and Punishment” into Vietnamese. The ‟evangelical text” refers to the New Testament quotations, for the first time both in the writer’s work and in the Russian literature of the 19th century as a whole, widely used by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Threeauthoritative translations by Trương Định Cư (1972), Lý Quốc Sinh (1973), Cao Xuân Hạo (1982-1983) are involved. The translation of the Bible into Vietnamese used by translators and involved in the liturgical practice of the Vietnamese Orthodox Church, has been revealed. On the basis of a continuous text sample of the «evangelical text» three translations were compared with the original and reverse translations, followed by an analytical commentary. The subject of the article is a monologue of «drunken» Semyon Marmeladov in the tavern (p. 1, ch. 2), saturated with New Testament quotations, and an evangelical scene about raised Lazarus (p. 4, ch. 4). It is concluded that when translating the «evangelical text» of the novel, the Vietnamese translators experienced serious difficulties due to ignorance of Russian Orthodoxy, which is still perceived in Vietnam to this day as a kind of exotic. Some specific refinements to existing translations are proposed.

Smolensk Proper Names in A.T. Tvardovsky’s Poems

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Inna A. Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
Long Poems ◽  
First Time

This article is dedicated to the 110th birthday anniversary of a great Russian poet, native of Smolensk, one of the founders of the Smolensk Poetic School Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971). It examines how Smolensk motifs and Tvardovsky’s love for his home town are reflected in his works at the onomastic level. Smolensk-onyms reflected in long poems are analysed here, the focus being on anthroponyms and toponyms naming the characters and indicating the locations associated with Smolensk region. A close connection between the choice of proper names and Tvardovsky’s biography is established. An attempt is made to demonstrate how, using onomastic units introduced by the author into the storyline of his artistic text, the general principles of autobiography and chronotopy are realized, which have been noted earlier in critiques of Tvardovsky’s literary works. The onomastic component of the poems is analysed thoroughly and comprehensively, which helps us to decode the conceptual chain writer – name – text – reader and identify the author’s attitude to the characters and the ideological and thematic content of the works, as well as some of the author’s personal characteristics, tastes and passions. At the onomastic level, the thesis about the role of Smolensk motifs in Tvardovsky’s literary works is once more substantiated. A review is presented of onomastic studies analysing proper names of different categories in Tvardovsky’s poems (mainly conducted by the representatives of the Voronezh Onomastic School and the author of this article). It should be noted that Smolensk proper names in the entire body of Tvardovsky’s poetry are analysed for the first time.

Comments on the updated recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for the treatment of gout. Lifestyle (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
M. S. Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
First Time

Updated ACR recommendations for the treatment of gout concerning lifestyle are discussed. Factors related to a lifestyle, above all food habits, for many years were of leading importance in the treatment of patients with gout, even after application of effective drugs. The authors of the updated ACR recommendations for the first time offered to reconsider the role of environmental factors in the genesis of gout and objectively assess the possibility of its non-drug treatment. On the one hand, regardless of the activity of the disease, the need for restrictions of the alcohol, purine-rich products and fructose-containing beverages, as well as the decrease of body weight in obese patients and vitamin C usage unviability are confirmed. On the other hand, these recommendations are conditional. Their new version of ACR recommendations is significantly different from both its previous version and other international and national recommendations, including recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of gout used in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Rola języka w uwalnianiu się z dziedzicznych traum

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(65)) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcol
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The Role of Language in Releasing from Inherited Traumas. Negotiations of the Social Position of the Silesian Minority in Serbian Banat The aim of the paper is to show the dependence between language, collective memory (also post-memory) and sense of identity. This issue is analysed using the example of an ethnic minority living in the village of Ostojićevo (Banat, Serbia) called ‘Toutowie.’ Their ancestors came in the 19th century from Wisła (Silesian Cieszyn, Poland); they left their homes because of great hunger and were looking for jobs in Banat. Narratives about the past contain traumatic experiences of the past generations transmitted in the Silesian dialect and constituting communicative memory. At the same time, a new Polish national identity is being constructed, supported by institutions and authorities; it carries a new image of the world and creates a new cultural memory. This new identity – shaped on the basis of national categories – leads to changes of its self-identification and gives the opportunity to raise its social position in the multi-ethnic Banat community.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE REFORMED HOUSE MANAGEMENT IN THE WORKS OF A.N. ENGELGARDT AS A TOOL FOR SOLUTIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Lilia Sargu ◽  
Yulia Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of the socio-economic life of the post-reform landowner economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of the contribution of A. N. Engelhardt to the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, how strong, in the opinion of local residents, is the role of the memorial source «Letters from the Village» in modern agronomy how they see the concept of «mining» in modern realities, is their definition similar to the definition of the second half of the 19th century. Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of socio-economic life of the post-reform landlord economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of AN’s contribution. Engelhardt in the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, as, according to local residents, a strong role of the source memoir «Letters from village» in modern agriculture, as they see the concept of «practicing» in the current situation, is similar whether their definition with the definition of second half of the XIX century.

scholarly journals The Figure of Distrust: Prince A.S. Menshikov in the Maritime Department during the Period of Reforms, 1826–1828

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-733
Author(s):  
Kseniya V. Donik
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Records

The article considers the role of Prince A. Menshikov as a specific type of agent of supreme authority in the process of reforming the maritime administration. The problem context of reforms resulted from the involvement of the naval generals and officials in abuses, which was a consequence of nepotism and unrest in the navy. The involvement of sailors in the Decembrist revolt significantly affected the attitude of the tsar to the general situation in the naval environment. Distrustful of the existing naval administration, Nicholas I needed an intermediary who would implement his idea of the arrangement of the navy on the one hand, and provide him with an objective “impartial” account of maritime problems, on the other hand. As a result of that, Adjutant General Prince A. Menshikov, who had had nothing to do with the naval service earlier, joined the navy to become the monarch’s agent in charge of the naval issues in the bodies of autocratic authority. The objective of the article is to identify the functions of such an agent based on the example of the Maritime Department. The sources of the article include official records and personal documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The principal methodological approach to the problem under study is an attempt to bring the appointment of Menshikov beyond the scope of narrow departmental history which was based on the unmotivated decision of the emperor and to propose an interpretation of the events in the context of tsarist government via agents, which has already been described in historiography. The author makes a conclusion about the interconnection between the crisis in the naval department, the attitude of the supreme authority towards it, and the appearance of the monarch’s agent with a number of his own functional characteristics.

Сomparative analysis of female images in F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels (based on the novels of Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov” and Fowles “The Collector”, “The Mistress of a French Lieutenant”, “The Magus”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Sevinj Kh. Nasibova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Literary Thought ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Postmodern Novel ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Constant Interest

The purpose of the article is the comparative analysis of female images in F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels. The basic method applied in given research is the method of the comparative analysis F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels. Dostoevsky and Fowles are in searches of root of all evil. Both of them are assured that in human spirit are indissolubly merged kindly and angrily, God and Satan. In a shower of hero Dostoevsky indissolubly merge “an ideal of the Madonna” with “an ideal Sodom”. The woman is present at a life of the man as elements. The woman is only temptation and passion of men. In female images of the writer, unlike man’s characters, there is no change at soul level. Unlike Dostoevsky, products of Fowles testify to constant interest of the writer to a problematic “eternal feminist”. In novels of Fowles of the woman have the personal space. Dostoevsky’s heroes submit to life laws; they through great suffering come to humility. But heroes of Fowles to themselves create laws and submit only to the rules. The article contains important conceptual conclusions on the problems of the realistic novel of the 19th century and the postmodern novel of the 20th centuries, defines the peculiarities of the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky and J. Fowles. The presented work provides an opportunity to take a fresh look at the cult works written in the 19th–20th centuries. F.M. Dostoevsky as the “founder” of neo-mythological consciousness — the cultural paradigm of the 20th century — gave J. Fowles valuable “tips” against the background of modern literary thought and his comparison with the mythopoetic thought of the English writer was especially embodied in mythological premises associated with the sphere of deepest questions of ethics and religious metaphysics.

On the use of uno in Colombian Spanish: the role of transitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Luz Marcela Hurtado ◽  
Ivan Ortega-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Null Pronouns ◽  
Overt Pronouns ◽  
Colombian Spanish ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Impersonal Pronoun

Abstract Our goal is to explore the intersection of two bodies of literature, namely, the one on impersonal constructions with an emphasis on uno ‘one’, and the one on the effect of transitivity and the focus of attention on the distribution of overt vs. null pronouns, where it has been shown that overt pronominal subjects are disfavored in transitive contexts as opposed to intransitive contexts. Through a variationist analysis of the expression of uno in Barranquilla, Colombia, in the PRESSEA-BARRANQUILLA corpus, we extend this line of inquiry to this impersonal pronoun and study in detail for the first time the effect of the various components of transitivity on the distribution of overt pronouns. Specifically, various transitivity parameters put forward by Hopper and Thompson are shown to correctly predict the distribution of uno, namely, number of participants and kinesis whereas sentence polarity, aspect and individuation of the object yield mixed results meriting future research.

Złote łany, ziemniaczane pola i zagony buraków. Roślinny krajobraz polskiej wsi w perspektywie historii gospodarczej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1 (460)) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the role of plants in Poland’s economic development over the last 500 years. The author presents the role of five plants in the history of Poland’s development: cereals (wheat and rye), potatoes, sugar beet and rape. The specificity of the economic development of modern Europe has made Poland one of Europe’s granaries and an important exporter of cereals. This shaped the civilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and contributed to its fall due to institutional specificity. In the 19th century, potatoes played an important role in the population development of Polish lands, as they helped feed the rapidly growing population. The spread of sugar beet cultivation created the conditions for the development of modern sugar industry in the second half of the 19th century. It became one of the first modern branches of the food industry in Poland and contributed to the modernization of the village. Quite recently, oilseed rape was to become a plant that would bring back the times of agricultural sheikhs – no longer the nobility would trade in cereals on the European markets, but entrepreneurs producing a vegetable substitute for diesel oil.

Sprachwandel und Etymologie in Der Spanischen Sprachwissenschaft Des Siglo De Oro

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Werner Bahner
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Summary The Renaissance constitutes a new phase in the history of linguistics. The study of modern languages in particular contributed to enlarge the scope of philological concern as scholars try to promote and to codify a young national language. During this time philologists give particular attention to the origin of these vernaculars, distinguishing the different stages in their evolution and developing an especial awareness of chronology. For the representatives of a national philology, Latin is the starting point, the mould according to which the vernaculars are described and classified. Soon, however, more and more traits are recognized which are particular to these living languages, and which do not agree with the traditions of Latin grammar. On the one hand, modifications on the theoretical level are called for, and, on the other, there is a good opportunity to demonstrate the particularity of a given vernacular. All these tendencies can be found for the first time in the writings on Cas-tillian by the great philologist Antonio de Nebrija (1444–1522). Nebrija recognized a series of phonetic correspondences which, much later in the 19th century, are transformed into ‘phonetic laws’ by a rigorous methodology. In so doing the elaboration of orthographic principles had been for him a stimulus for his explications. In his “Diálogo de la lengua”, Juan de Valdés (devoted himself more extensively to the social aspects of Castillian, to linguistic changes, and to the historical causes for the distribution of Romance languages on the Iberian peninsula, stressing expecially the role of the ‘Reconquista’. The work of Bernardo José de Aldrete (1560–1641) offers a synthesis of all these efforts concerning the evolution of Castillian. He discusses all the substrata and superstrata of the language, sketches the different stages of development of his native tongue, examines Old Castillian with the help of medieval texts, and exploits what Nebrija had noted about the phonetic correspondences. In terms of scholarship, Aldrete’s work constitutes the culmination point in the movement engaged in supporting the rights of the Castillian language et in documenting its sovereignity vis-à-vis the Latin tradition.

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