Food and water consumption in assessment of acute oral toxicity of HEPALIP FORTE in rats

Body weight variations during toxicological testing can be one of the indicators of the test substance toxic effects. Data on food and water consumption are true indicators of the rate of growth of experimental animals (Stevens & Gallo, 1989). Daily recording of the food and water consumption was done during the acute toxicity testing of HEPALIP FORTE. The study was performed on Wistar rats. The active component of HEPALIP FORTE is EPL substance--essential phospholipids, a natural substance present in every living cell. Essential phospholipids in combination with vitamins have been used in the treatment of liver diseases, dyslipoproteinaemias and intoxications accompanied with liver failure. Statistical analysis of the body weight variations was performed separately, for males and females. The analysis failed to show any significant difference between the groups. There was a significant difference in water consumption between the male group 2M and female groups 3F and 2F in comparison with control groups. Statistical analysis of the variations of food consumption showed a significant difference in all male groups in comparison with control groups, and only in the 3F female group in comparison with a control group. Considering the absence of lethality and the lack of significant influence of the test substance on animal body weights, we concluded that the test substance was not acutely toxic in rats, if applied orally, in single doses of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Significant differences found in food and water consumption suggest a need of their during the future chronic toxicity testing.

Download Full-text

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116674528 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D Sheela ◽

R Vijayaraghavan ◽

S Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Research Work ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manual Group ◽

Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

Download Full-text

Morphometric characteristics of the patellar tendon

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns16s1053v ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Milodrag Vranjes ◽

Ivan Vukasinovic ◽

Mirko Obradovic ◽

Mile Bjelobrk ◽

Zlatko Budinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

The Body ◽

Professional Athletes ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Cruciate

Introduction. The most common injuries of the knee joint are injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament. The golden standard in reconstruction of this ligament is graft bone - patellar tendon - bone. Knowing the morphometric characteristics of these ligaments is crucial for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study was aimed at determining morphometric characteristics of the patellar tendon in vivo, measured intraoperatively, and at defining the correlation between the obtained values and body weight, height, gender and sport activity among different groups of athletes. Material and Methods. This study included 184 patients suffering from anterior cruciate ligament injuries who were admitted to the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Results. The patellar tendon width ranged from 28 mm to 43 mm, averaging at 32.02 mm. The length of the patellar tendon ranged from 35 mm to 62 mm, averaging at 46.34 mm. The thickness of the patellar tendon ranged from 3 mm to 6 mm, averaging at 3.78 mm. The measured results were positively and statistically relevant with the body mass, height and body mass index. Discussion and Conclusion. The patellar tendon was thicker, longer and wider in persons with higher values of body weight and height. Men have statistically longer, thicker and wider patellar tendon than women. There was no statistically significant difference between morphometric characteristics of the patellar tendon among professional athletes and recreational athletes, neither was there one in the obtained geometric data of the patellar tendon among tested groups of professional athletes.

Download Full-text

Comparison between Vinorelbine–Carboplatin and Vinorelbine–Cisplatin in Stage III–IV EGFR Mutations-Negative NSCLC

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730255 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laksmi Wulandari ◽

Gatot Soegiarto ◽

Anna Febriani ◽

Farah Fatmawati ◽

Wirya Sastra Amran

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Body Weight ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

The Body ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Egfr Mutations ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Introduction There are a substantial number of lung cancer patients with negative mutations in Indonesia. This type of cancer is deemed to be the major contributor of lung cancer patient’s death. However, reseaerch related to therapy using vinorelbine combined with platinum-based compounds is still scarce in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability between vinorelbine and carboplatin with vinorelbin and cisplatin in stage III-IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The participants were divided into two groups—group I(vinorelbine–carboplatin) and group II (vinorelbine–cisplatin). The participants were assessed based on several measurement criteria. Not only Eq-5D was performed, but the body weight and response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) were also examined. The participants received chemotherapy for four cycles (1 cycle = 21 days). Results The quality of life was considered stable in 60% of group I and 60% of group II (p=0.255). In both groups, 46.67% of participants had an increased body weight, while the other 20.00% was stable (p = 1.000). In terms of RECIST evaluation after the second cycle, 80.00% of group I and 86.67% of group II were considered to have a stable disease, with 20% of group I and none of group II had partial response (p = 0.027). However, after the fourth cycle, there were no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.734). Conclusion In EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC patients, the combination of vinorelbine and carboplatin showed comparable outcomes to vinorelbine and cisplatin chemotherapy with no significant differences.

Download Full-text

Co-Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Ghrelin for Enhancing Survival After Exposure to Lethal Radiation

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.628018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Juliann G. Kiang ◽

Min Zhai ◽

Bin Lin ◽

Joan T. Smith ◽

Marsha N. Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Body Weight ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Photon Radiation ◽

Vehicle Group ◽

Spleen Weight ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Marrow Cells

Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. FDA approves pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta™, Peg-G-CSF) for acute hematopoietic syndrome and has been shown to save lives after lethal RI. We aimed to test whether Ghrelin enhanced Peg-G-CSF’s efficacy to save more lives after lethal RI. B6D2F1/J female mice were used for the study. They received 9.5 Gy (LD50/30 at 0.4 Gy/min) emitted from the 60Co-γ-photon radiation facility. Peg-G-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg once on days 1, 8, and 15 after irradiation. Ghrelin contains 28 amino acid and is a hunger peptide that has been shown to stimulate food intake, promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, elevates immunity, inhibits brain hemorrhage, and increases stress-coping. Ghrelin was injected subcutaneously at 113 μg/kg once on days 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation. Survival, body weight, water consumption, hematology, spleen weight, splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and histology of bone marrow and ileum were performed. We observed that radiation resulted in 30-days survival by 30%. RI decreased their body weights and water consumption volumes. On the 30th day post-RI, platelets and WBCs such as basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and leukocytes were still significantly decreased in surviving mice. Likewise, their RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and splenocytes remained low; splenomegaly was found in these mice. Bone marrow in surviving RI animals maintained low cellularity with high counts of fat cells and low counts of megakaryocytes. Meanwhile, ileum histology displayed injury. However, mice co-treated with both drugs 24 h after RI resulted in 30-days survival by 45% above the vehicle group. Additionally, the body-weight loss was mitigated, the acute radiation syndrome was reduced. This co-therapy significantly increased neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, and platelets in circulation, inhibited splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow cells. Histopathological analysis showed significant improvement on bone marrow cellularity and ileum morphology. In conclusion, the results provide a proof of concept and suggest that the co-therapy of Peg-G-CSF and Ghrelin is efficacious to ameliorate RI.

Download Full-text

Penggunaan Hasil Fermentasi Bungkil Kedelai Dalam Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ayam Pedaging

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v2i2.3154 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Al Qudri

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Energy Content ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT. Tempe of soybean is fermented soybean with Rhizopus ologosporus fungus. From a result of researchers, it is the fact that tempe can increase valuable of nutrion and digest capacity and also produce antibiotic . Utilization of abtibiotic in chiken food as stimulus growth in not recommended because it can cause resistance a certain germ and it is presume there are antibiotic residu in egg and chiken meat. It is hope that the use of fermented soybean oil meal can increase nutrient value and digest capacity as well as produce antibiotic, so that it can get a better growth and over come a problem of using antibiotic in chiken food. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented soybean oil meal utilization in the ration on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality. The study use 80 unsex day old chick broiler CP-707 and conducted at Poulty Laboratory Product Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University. Chiken were putting in 27 houses unit, each unit contain of four chiken. The design of experiment was Completely Randomized Design, four treatments and five replication. The treatments were ration contained 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% fermented soybean oil meal as replace the use of soybean oil meal. The protein and energy content of all dietary treatments were equally composed from six weeks investigation, were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality. The result of the study indicated that up to 10% graded of fermented soybean oil meal in ration were significant difference influenced increase the body weight gain and decrease the feed conversion. The fermented soybeanoil meal) utilization more than 10% were significant difference decrease the body weight gain and increase the feed conversion. If the inclusion was increase the feed consumption would tendency decline. In this study there were no mortality in all treatment. In can be advised from this study that fermented soybean oil meal could be used in broiler ration or in all poulty ration.

Download Full-text

The effect of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on heat shock protein 70 and cortisol expression in strenuous exercise induced rats

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17533.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Novita Sari Harahap ◽

Aznan Lelo ◽

Ambrosius Purba ◽

Awaluddin Sibuea ◽

Rina Amelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Hsp70 Expression ◽

Average Weight ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Oxidative stress from exercise can contribute to damaging cells, increasing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and suppressing the immune system in the body. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red-fleshed pitaya extract on HSP70 and cortisol expression in rats which were subjected to strenuous exercise. Methods: The subjects of this research were 32 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 3 months, with an average weight of 200 g. Red-fleshed pitaya extract was obtained from methanol extraction process; a maceration technique was performed and the extract was concentrated using an air-drying method. Rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with distilled water only; while Groups 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight of red-fleshed pitaya extract, respectively. Strenuous exercises in rats was performed by intense swimming of 20 min/day, 3 days a week for 3 weeks. HSP70 expression and cortisol were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: There was a significant reduction of HSP70 (p=0.000) and cortisol expression (p=0.000) between the groups. Also, there was a significant difference in the average decreasing of HSP70 expression between group 4 and either groups 1 or 2 (p=0.000). However, a significant difference between groups 4 and 3 was not observed (p=0.813). Lastly, a significant difference was found in the average decrease of cortisol expression between groups 4 and 1 (p=0.000), 2 (p=0.000), and 3 (p=0.000) respectively. Conclusion: Red-fleshed pitaya is potential to be utilized as antioxidant to decrease the HSP70 and cortisol expression.

Download Full-text

Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11092590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2590

Author(s):

Dhondup Namgyal ◽

Kumari Chandan ◽

Sher Ali ◽

Ajaz Ahmad ◽

Maha J. Hashim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Research Field ◽

The Body ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Daily Food ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Lighting Systems

In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.

Download Full-text

Relationship between body weight and spinopelvic alignment in Chinese adult people: A preliminary study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21234/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Xi Zhang ◽

Fu Qiang Gao ◽

Yun Ting Wang ◽

Zi Rong Li ◽

Ozaki Koji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

The Body ◽

Sacral Slope ◽

Female Group ◽

Spinopelvic Parameters ◽

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽

Spinopelvic Alignment ◽

Chinese Adult ◽

Adult Volunteers

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between spinopelvicalignment and the body weight parameters in healthy Chinese adult volunteers. That has not been systematically studied yet. Methods: 100 Chinese healthy adult volunteers (36 males and 64 females) were included in this study, which grouped according to the gender. The obesity parameters, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) and RR (the ratio of SAD to TAD) were measured. The sagittal spinopelvic parameters include pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic angulation (PA), sacral slope (SS), sacral inclination (SI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and the disc angle of L5/S1. The coronal spinopelvic parameters include the Cobb angle of the major curve of the spine, lumbar scoliosis (LS) and pelvic obliquity (PO). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine correlations between obesity index and spinopelvic alignment parameters. Results: The mean BMI and WC of the males and females was 28.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 vs 26.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 and 88.39 ± 9 cm vs 82.6 ± 2.7 cm respectively. In the female group, a strong correlation was found between BMI and PI, WC and PT, WC and PI. However, there was no strong correlation between the obesity and spinopelvic alignment parameters in the male group. None of the coronal spinopelvic parameters showed a correlation with the obesity parameters in two groups. The RR showed a positive linear correlation with PA and PT in both groups. Conclusions: Body weight could influence the spinopelvic alignment,especially for females. People with abdominal obesity, the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is likely to change. But there is little effect on the coronal spinopelvic alignment.

Download Full-text

Body Weight at Birth: The Only Risk Factor Associated with Contralateral Clavicular Fracture in Patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50370-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeeihn Lee ◽

Joo Young Cho ◽

Byung Joo Lee ◽

Jong Min Kim ◽

Donghwi Park

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Youden Index ◽

Clavicular Fracture ◽

Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Muscular Torticollis

Abstract To date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been limited studies on the risk factor of clavicle fracture combined with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), despite it being the most common fracture in newborns. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT, and its effect on prognosis. In this study, a total of 134 infants with CMT were included. The risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT were analyzed. To analyze the correlation between the clinical parameters and the clavicular fracture in patients with CMT, demographic data, such as body weight at birth, maternal age, gender, gestational age, delivery method, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) thickness of ipsilateral side, its ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral side, and the first visitation date after birth were evaluated. In the results of this study, the clavicular fracture was found in 15 of 134 patients with CMT (19%). In multivariate logistic analysis, the body weight at birth was the only significant parameter for predicting clavicular fracture in patients with CMT (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of treatment duration between CMT infants with or without clavicular fracture. In infants with CMT, the area under the ROC curve of the body weight at birth for predicting clavicular fracture was 0.659 (95% CI, 0.564–0.745.; p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value obtained from the maximum Youden index J was 3470 g (sensitivity: 57.14%, specificity: 75.76%), and the odd ratio of clavicular fracture in patients with CMT increased by 1.244 times for every 100 g of body weight at birth. In conclusion, birth weight appears to be a clinical predictor of clavicular fracture in infants with CMT. More studies and discussions are needed on whether any screening should be recommended for detecting the concurrent clavicular fracture in subjects with CMT.

Download Full-text

White tea drink (Camellia sinensis) improves endurance and body weight maintenance of rats

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-01-2020-0020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmud Aditya Rifqi ◽

Stefania Widya Setyaningtyas ◽

Qonita Rachmah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Intervention Research ◽

The Body ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Content Type ◽

White Tea ◽

Significant Difference

PurposeWhite tea is an unfermented tea made from young shoots of Camellia sinensis protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenol degradation. White tea contains a high level of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Several types of evidence have suggested that tea consumption has benefits in body weight and endurance maintenance. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of white tea on body weight and endurance of animal models.Design/methodology/approachThis research was an intervention design using 20 Wistar white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) in body weight between 150 and 200 g. The rats were randomized into four groups, three groups receiving white tea drink (WTD) with different doses and the other group receiving plain water in equal volume as a control group for four weeks. The forced swim test (FST) was done to measure their struggling capacity, and digital bodyweight to measure the weight.FindingsIntervention (WTD Groups and Control) caused weight gain among except G3 with the highest doses of white tea. The result showed that WTD intake in G3 had a significant difference (p < 0.05) on body weight gain compared to control. The authors found that WTD in a specific dose (G3: 0.22 mg) tends to maintain the body weight of animals (219.2 ± 41.96; 212.6 ± 46.90, respectively), while other doses caused weight gain. WTD also significantly increased the swimming and struggling capacity of rats that represented improvements the endurance along with the test. There was a statistically significant difference in endurance among all groups (p < 0.05).Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Originality/valueThis study adds more evidence and information about the advantages of white tea as potential beverages in future healthy lifestyles.

Download Full-text