scholarly journals Two “Characters” in the Russian Linguistic Worldview: “We” and “They”

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Inna V. Revenko ◽  
Elena V. Osetrova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Cover Up ◽  
Russian Linguistic

The article reconstructs semantic context (evaluation, movement, actions, etc.) of WE and THEY – two usual subjects of the Russian linguistic worldview. Monologues and dialogues recently collected in Krasnoyarsk reveal the main characteristics of this opposition. A relatively big number of contexts have indefinite-personal verb forms such as [they] “buy”, “make”, “climb”, “cover up for”, “turn”, “serve”, “locate”, “repair”, “accommodate”, etc. Due to their grammar and semantic realization in the oral speech they are included in the syntactic connection with the personal pronoun “they” – the representative form of some indefinite collective subject. This group of predicates, as well as their closest linguistic entourage, “tells” about the circumstances and details of “Their” actions, “Their” characteristics and “Their” partners, forming the distinctive specificity of the text content. In the same contexts there happens to be no less active collective subject – the author’s “We”. “We” and “They” are realized in different event-based and qualitative interactions, given by spatial and temporal coordinates, where these two “characters” distinguished by linguistic consciousness live and act. This semantic field in the Russian language common worldview is divided into several parts, for example: power environment, professional environment, inter-ethnic communication, sacred communication, etc. As a result, the indistinctive subject “They” developed by the indefinite personal form of the verbal predicate and the pronoun “There” turn out to be only a mask – superficial uncertainty. It is easily removed by the subsequent context and specified through the parameters “place” (for example, “in power”, “at work”), “social status of the subject” (“officials”, “bosses”, “the rich”, “owners”), “the character of the situation” (irrational, useless action – or rightful, useful for “Us”, ordinary members of the community, “folks”, “people”). The grammatical uncertainty itself is transformed into semantic markers of two definite evaluations – evaluations of distrust and unbelonging (often in relation to “Them”) and self-evaluations of rightness and sympathy (often in relation to the subject “We”)

scholarly journals ELECTRONIC LETTER IN THE ASPECT OF TEXT CATEGORIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Оlena Kuvarova
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Stylistic Unity ◽  
Direct Quotation ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Stylistic Device

The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of implementation of such textual categories as completeness, connectivity, dialogization in electronic letter. Object of study is electronic correspondence and the subject is the style, structure, syntax of letters. Material of the research includes published letters of the Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor R. G. Barantsev to colleagues and friends, as well as their response letters. Descriptive method, methods of contextual and communicative-pragmatical analysis are used in the research. Practical application of the research is possible while teaching the syntax and stylistics of Russian language. Conclusion: speech implementation of a number of textual categories in electronic letters has its own characteristics. Such boundary demarcators of the epistolary text as address, signature, etiquette formulas of greeting and farewell are reducing (in whole or in part) if the exchange of messages is frequent, thereby the formal completeness of the text is weakening. The dialogization in electronic correspondence is formed not only by the linguistic means typical for written messages (address, signature, pronouns and verb forms of the 2nd person), but also in other ways, such as direct quotation instead of transmitting someone else's speech as direct or indirect speech, language game as a stylistic device that forms a certain tone of communication. The widespread use of incomplete and one-compound sentences, pronouns that are not related to the antecedent, increases the importance of common apperception base of the participants in communication for understanding the text and continuing the epistolary dialogue. Specifying the subject of speech by pronouns with the absence of its introductory nomination in a letter, sending to previous texts of the correspondence by pronouns and particles, stylistic unity within the chain of letters exchanged between two correspondents are the means that enhance the coherence of the text, extend it beyond a separate letter and transform the exchange of monologue  texts into a continuous epistolary discourse.

scholarly journals PREDICATIVE QUALITATIVENESS CATEGORY IN KET: LANGUAGE MEANS OF EXPRESSING IT

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Сергей Сергеевич Буторин
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Verbal Predicate ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coding Strategy ◽  
Personal Strategy

В статье рассматриваются основные разновидности семантической категории качественности, в частности, субкатегория предикативной качественности и языковые способы ее выражения с позиций функциональной грамматики. Показано, что в кетском языке выделяются три типа предикативной качественности: адъективно-предикативная, субстантивно-предикативная и глагольно-предикативная. Адъективно-предикативная качественность выражается адъективными предикатами (как правило, прилагательными); субстантивно-предикативная — предикатами-существительными, которые являются ядром составного именного сказуемого и определяются прилагательными; глагольно-предикативная — предикатами, представленными спрягаемыми глагольными формами. Определен основной инвентарь языковых средств, образующих качественные предикаты: непроизводные качественные прилагательные; производные относительные прилагательные, оформленные словообразовательным суффиксом =ту; каритивные прилагательные; неглагольные субстантивные предикаты, выражающие субстантивно-предикативную качественность; причастия или инфинитивы; субстантивированные комплексные модификаторы; сложнопроизводные прилагательные, оформленные суффиксом производных прилагательных =ту. В статье проанализированы неглагольные средства выражения предикативной качественности, т. е. предикаты, имеющие в качестве главного компонента слово, которое не принадлежит классу полнозначных глаголов, вне зависимости от того, содержится ли в составе сказуемого глагол-связка. Выявлены две ведущие стратегии кодирования качественных предикатов: личная стратегия, которая заключается в оформлении ядра неглагольного предиката показателями согласования с подлежащим по категориям лица, числа и класса (рода), и неличная стратегия, предполагающая использование суффикса =сʹ (ед. ч.) ~ =сʹ=ин (множ. ч.), допускающего согласование с подлежащим только по категории числа. Показано, что имеются некоторые случаи альтернативного кодирования неглагольных качественных предикатов посредством либо личной, либо неличной стратегии кодирования. Приводятся аргументы, подтверждающие, что грамматическая категория степеней сравнения у кетских качественных прилагательных отсутствует. Компаратив и суперлатив выражаются синтаксическими конструкциями, образованными на базе адъективных качественных предикатов. The paper deals with the basic types of qualitativeness category particularly predicative qualitativeness and the language means of expressing it from the standpoint of functional grammar approach. It is shown that three types of predicative qualitativeness are identified in Ket. These are adjective-predicative, substantive-predicative and verbal-predicative ones. Adjective-predicative qualitativeness is expressed by adjective predicates, substantive-predicative qualitativeness — by compound nominal predicates and verbal-predicative qualitativeness — by predicates including finite conjugated verb forms. The basic inventory of language means forming predicative qualitative predicates is identified. The inventory includes underived qualitative adjectives, derived relative adjectives formed by means of the derivative suffix =ту, caritive adjectives, nonverbal substantive predicates denoting substantive-predicative qualitativeness; participles or infinitives; substativized complex modifiers; compound adjectives derived by means of the suffix =ту forming adjectives. The paper analyzes non-verbal means of denoting predicative qualitativeness, i.e. the predicates having as a head a word which doesn’t belong to the class of autosemantic verbs irrespective of the fact whether there is a verbal copula in the predicate structure. Two principal strategies of coding qualitative predicates have been identified including a person and number coding strategy which involves marking the non-verbal predicate by the affixes showing agreement with the subject of the qualitative construction in the categories of person, number and class (gender) and non-personal coding strategy implying the use of the suffix =сʹ (singular) — =сʹ=ин (plural) which allows for agreement with the subject only in the category of number. It is shown that there are cases of alternative coding of non-verbal qualitative predicates using either a person and number coding strategy or a non-personal strategy. The evidence that the grammatical category of degrees of comparison is not found in Ket qualitative adjectives is provided. The comparative and superlative notions are expressed by the syntactic constructions formed on the basis of adjectival qualitative predicates.

scholarly journals Integrating literature lessons with the subject of mother tongue teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504
Author(s):  
Niyozmetova Roza Khasanovna ◽  
Fozilova Mohigul Farkhodovna
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Written Speech

In order to differentiate literary-speech competencies in literature lessons, the article develops the features of oral speech characterized by orthographic norms, other than biblical (written) speech, based on the norms of pronunciation and spelling of language phenomena studied in the native language. Thus, in literature classes, the relevant knowledge, skills, and competencies for the formation of types of speech activities at the level of competencies can be acquired on the basis of knowledge of the different aspects of these competencies.  Competences related to the types of speaking activities require to pay attention to the method of speech as the most important of the specific features of oral and written speech, to this end, to integrate the subject of literature with the mother tongue from the educational content. “Interdisciplinary connections of the Russian language and literature are carried out at all lessons of speech development in the following directions: 1) the formation and consolidation of knowledge and skills of students in functional stylistics, necessary for the correct organization of speech activity in various genres of oral and written statements;  2) teaching common for these subjects types of oral and written speech activities.

FIGURATIVE SIGNS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUSBAND CONCEPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA M. KISELEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory Of Codes ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Cognitive linguistics, which is booming today, addresses the topic of the study of concepts and their structures. The purpose of this article is to describe the figurative features of the husband concept in the Russian language picture of the world. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the concepts that form the key macroconcept of a person in Russian and other language pictures of the world were not the subject of a detailed study. Scientific novelty consists in referring to the concept of a husband from the perspective of a comprehensive study of his figurative features within the framework of the theory of codes of Russian linguistic culture. The husband concept was not the subject of a separate study in linguistic literature. Basic research methods: descriptive, interpretative and conceptual. The research material was taken from the National Corps of the Russian Language (www.ruscorpora.ru), as well as from works of Russian classics. As the research material showed, the most productive are zoomorphic, artifact, property, anthropomorphic and vegetative codes of Russian linguistic culture. This conclusion is made on the basis of the number of examples objectifying the corresponding cognitive characteristics.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

Overcoming Disorthography of Primary Schoolchildren with General Speech Underdevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
I. V. Prishchepova
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Image Study ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The article discusses mechanisms of various kinds of disorthography (conditioned by the underdevelopment of morphological, phonemic and graphical bases of orthographic activity) in schoolchildren with general speech underdevelopment. It offers basic methodology and techniques to correct disorthography conditioned by inadequate child acquisition of phonemic, traditional principles of orthography and principles of graphics. A systematic work on the development of psychological and language components of this type of learning activity coupled with oral speech disorder overcoming facilitates successful acquisition of program requirements by such children. The following methods were used: practical (exercises, modelling, construction, schematization, games), visual (observation, image study, image and practical activity results demonstration, stimulus material demonstration), verbal methods (conversation, narration, method of language analysis and synthesis, grammar and orthographic tasks solution). The article covers the results of many years of positive experience in the correction of various types of disorthography of primary schoolchildren with general speech underdevelopment. Formation of grammatical and orthographic activity, the basics of speech and language competences, Russian language academic performance increase are prerequisites of linguistic personality development and child self-development. The practical importance of the research lies in the development and testing of methods of disorthography correction of children with general speech underdevelopment. The given methodology helps to improve their spelling skills and allows to carry out a purposeful and controlled formation of spelling activity. The results can be used in the work of speech therapy centers and educational establishments which carry out inclusive students’ education.

Lexical Semantics of Russian Verbs and Their Function of Action Fixation Using Perfect Forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Russian Language

This article describes the connection between perfect verb forms and the typical lexical meanings of generating imperfectives using the example of a prefix model in the Russian language. The research is based on a fundamentally new approach, i.e. the means of “fixing” action in the objective time. The relevance of combining the action and the situational background to the lexical-semantic groups of verbs is established. In the course of the research, the materials of the Bolshoi Akademichescky Slovar (Big Academic Dictionary) were used.

M. V. Nadkarni. Farmer's Movements in India. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1987.237 pp.,Price: (hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 100.00.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Agricultural Price

This book is a comprehensive analysis of farmers' movements in India with a focus on the movements in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Punjab and Karnatka. It examines the economic, social and political aspects of the farmers' struggle for a better deal within regional and national perspectives and evaluates the potential impact of these struggles on economic development in general, and on rural development, in particular. In a most competent way the author has presented the current state of the debate on the subject. He deals exhaustively with the subject of agricultural price policy and argues against the proposition that favourable price-setting for farm products is adequate to alleviate rural poverty. A better way to tackle this problem is to improve the per capita output in the rural sector, since the root cause of the problem is not unfavourable terms of trade but the increasing proportion of land holdings, which are economically not viable. Agricultural price policy is analyzed within the context of class relations, which enables to establish a link between the economic and political demands of the farmers. This analysis leads the author to conclude, that in contrast with the peasants' movements in India, which helped to break up the feudal agrarian set-up, the recent farmers' movements, with a few exceptions, have little revolutionary content. Their leadership has been appropriated by the rich landowners, who have transformed the movements into a lobby for advancing their own interests, within the existing power structure, to the neglect of the poorer peasantry.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

USING ACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT (WITHIN THE SUBJECT “THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND SPEECH CULTURE”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
V.V. Gavrilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Active Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

This article states the need to change the approach, as well as the forms and methods of teaching in the process of developing students' speech within the subject "The Russian language and Culture of speech". The purpose of the study is to describe the ways of active teaching methods application in order to improve students' speech culture. The author notes that modern teaching methods have ceased to respond to the needs of society and do not contribute to successful socialization of university graduates. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author proposes that the work on a text (in the broad sense of the term) should become the main one in the teaching process. . The author proposes an updated process model of trainingenumerates those teaching forms and methods that contribute to the successful implementation of the model, describes the conditions of using these methods in the educational process. According to the author, the modeling of problem-based situations, the use of active teaching forms and methods reveal new opportunities to the teacher, help to develop students' communicative competence, and will largely determine further successful socialization of graduates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document