scholarly journals Archetypical Image of the Old Man in Buryat Literature of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1995-2011
Author(s):  
Imikhelova Imikhelova ◽  
Eugeny D. Mongush
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
National Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Acute Crisis

The article reviews the archetypical nature of the image of the Old Man in Buryat literature, which originates from the character of Buryat-Mongol myths, the White Elder (Sagaan Ubgen). The article aims to reveal the typological properties of the archetype of the Old Man in a key genre for national literature, a novel, involving also dramatic and lyrical epic works. This goal necessitates involving a comparative typological analysis, as well as mythopoetic and comparative-genetic methods used in the study of traditional culture. Their use in literary criticism is important and relevant since the authors try to explain the strengthening of the universal interpretation of man in the art of the 20th century, and the desire of writers to outline ways out of the acute crisis relations between man and the world, man and nature. Earlier in the texts of national culture the socially determined explanation of these relations was sought; but at the present time another interpretation is getting up to date, precisely an interpretation based on the writers’ appeal to the deep layers of mythological thinking, their reliance on universally existent, ontological causes of the crisis phenomena. The analysis of the “sacred / profane” dichotomy which is peculiar to mythological thinking showed that this hero of Buryat literature is committed to search for ancestral memory as for truth; he considers serving his kinship the essence of human existence. The presence of an axiological aspect leads to the universal ontological values inherent in the archetype of the Old Man. The leading method of analysis was comparative-typological, aimed at establishing typological patterns in the field of representation of archetypes in the literature and ensuring specificity in the results obtained. The usage of this method made it possible to distinguish such typological features and properties of the Old Man’s archetype as ambivalence, poetry and ontology of binary oppositions, craving for a miraculous outcome. It is concluded that these archetypal properties impart the analyzed images the symbolic meaning of eternal rebirth, the cyclicity of life and its harmonious order

scholarly journals Tolstoy’s Text in Works of R. Akutagawa

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
V. V. Kuryanova ◽  
N. A. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Personal Myth ◽  
The World ◽  
Japanese Writer

The supertext in the works of one of the most popular and mysterious Japanese writers of the early 20th century — Ryunosuke Akutagawa examined in the article. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the problem of considering supertexts is one of the promising interdisciplinary areas of modern humanitarian knowledge. It is pointed out that in literary criticism there are quite a few works on topos texts, but very few works devoted to the nominal supertext, which is Tolstoy’s text. It is emphasized that Tolstoy’s text began to be created especially actively at the beginning of the twentieth century, and Tolstoy’s personality itself aroused interest not only in his homeland, but throughout the world. It is noted that the author’s extensive correspondence with public figures in Japan is known. It is argued that the fiction and journalistic texts of the Russian classic influenced the development of the national literature of Japan. Particular attention is paid to the issue of including in the text the personal myth of Leo Tolstoy as the basis of the Tolstoy’s text in the works of Akutagawa. It is shown that the Japanese writer refers to the story of the Yasnaya Polyana wise old man, using the episode of reconciliation between Turgenev and Tolstoy as the plot of the story “Woodcock”. In conclusion, the authors note that in their later works (“Cogwheels”, “The Life of an Idiot”) Akutagawa questions the sincerity of L. Tolstoy’s faith in God, interpreting the mythologeme “Leo Tolstoy and Religion” in an original way.

scholarly journals Postmodernist Features in W. Gerhardie’s Novel “The Polyglots”

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
А.Э. Воротникова
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
20Th Century Literature ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Century Literature ◽  
Literary Legacy

В статье изучается творчество русско-английского писателя Уильяма Герхарди, которое оценивается в литературоведении диаметрально противоположно — от восторженного признания его культового характера до полного отказа в художественности и идейной глубине. Цель данной статьи — исследовать черты постмодернистской эстетики и мировоззрения в наиболее известном романе Герхарди на тему Гражданской войны в России — «Полиглоты», вбирающем в себя тенденции литературного развития ХХ века и служащем примечательным образцом концептуально-художественного синтеза. В статье анализируются такие проявления постмодернизма в «Полиглотах», как эпистемологическое сомнение, критика метанарративов, восприятие действительности как неуправляемого хаоса, принцип нон-иерархии, разрушение бинарных оппозиций, игровое начало, деконструкция, необарочное мироощущение, интертекстуальность, полижанровость. Отдельное внимание уделяется образу протагониста-рассказчика, сознание которого, с одной стороны, скрепляет повествование, придает картине распадающейся действительности целостность, с другой, в силу своей подвижности и текучести, лишает образ бытия смысловой однозначности, что также является постмодернистской особенностью. Еще одна примечательная постмодернистская черта произведения английского автора — его метаповествовательная природа: «Полиглоты» — это роман о романе, о процессе его создания. Через все исследование проведена мысль о влиянии русской культуры на художественную картину мира Герхарди, о рецепции, в том числе в характерной для постмодернизма пародийно-игровой, иронической форме, произведений русских писателей. The article investigates the literary legacy of William Gerhardie, an Anglo-Russian novelist, whose works receive diametrically opposite reviews. Some give him ample praise, while others criticize his books for having neither artistic nor ideological merit. The aim of the article is to explore “The Polyglots”, W. Gerhardie’s famous novel about Russian civil war through the lens of postmodernist aesthetics and postmodernist worldview. W. Gerhardie’s novel is a prime example of 20th century literature with its conceptual unity and artistic synthesis. The article analyzes such postmodernist features of “The Polyglots” as epistemological doubt, metanarrative critique, perception of the world as something uncontrollably chaotic, non-hierarchical principle, destruction of binary oppositions, gaming essence, deconstruction, neobaroque worldview, intertextulaity, multigenre characteristics. Special attention is given to the analysis of the protagonist, the narrator of the story, whose consciousness glues together the random pieces of the mosaic of life and, being flexible and unstable, adds ambiguity, which is another postmodernist characteristic. One more postmodernist feature of the work is its metanarrative character. “The Polyglots” is a novel about a novel, a novel about the writing process. The article focuses on the influence of the Russian culture on Gerhardie’s artistic worldview, his ironic postmodernist interpretation of Russian writers’ literary legacy.

scholarly journals Comparative Literature, World Literature and Ethical Literary Criticism. Literature’s “Infra-Other”

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Jüri Talvet
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
World Literature ◽  
International Association ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Sociological Approaches

Relying on some of the ideas of Yuri M. Lotman on “semiosphere”, the dynamics and dialogue between “centres” and “peripheries”, as well as on my own ideas on cultural symbiosis expounded in my essay books A Call for Cultural Symbiosis. Meditations from U (Toronto, 2005) and Kümme kirja Montaigne’ile. “Ise ja “teine” (Ten Letters to Montaigne. ‘Self ” and ‘Other’, in Estonian: Tartu, 2014; in English, 2018) and inspired by the recent foundation in China of the International Association for Ethical Literary Criticism, I will try to meditate on the interrelation of Comparative Literature, World Literature and Ethical Literary Criticism both in theory and in the practice of teaching and researching literature at universities and high schools. The main purpose is to look at the ways how a “self”-centred practice of literary research and teaching (formalistic as well as sociological approaches, restricting World Literature to the Western mainstream, or just dealing with one’s own national literature, avoiding its comparative contextualization) could be gradually replaced by a symbioticdialogical treatment of literature, capable of providing our activity with a firm and solid ethical dimension, something that would definitely strengthen the position of humanities in the world academia.

scholarly journals Locating the World in Metaphysical Poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Burney
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
World Literature ◽  
North India ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Metaphysical Poetry ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Expression

Abstract Discussions on world literature often imagine literary presence, movement, and exchange in terms of location and prioritize those literary traditions that can be easily mapped. In many regards, classical ghazal poetry resists such interpretation. Nonetheless, a number of nineteenth-century writers working in Urdu and English reframed classical ghazal poetry according to notions of locale that were particularly underpinned by ideas of natural essence, or genius. This article puts two such receptions of the classical ghazal in conversation with one another: the naičral shāʿirī (natural poetry) movement in North India, and the portrayal of classical Persian poet Hafiz as a figure of national genius in the scholarship of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Both these examples highlight the role that discourses of nature and natural expression played in nineteenth-century literary criticism, particularly with regard to conceptions of national culture. They also demonstrate how Persianate literary material that had long circulated in cosmopolitan ways could be vernacularized by rereading conventionalized tropes of mystical longing in terms of more worldly belonging.

Historical, Cultural and Ethno-psychological Connotations of the Image of the Homeland in Chinese Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Feng Yishan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Artistic Images

The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in the study of conceptual images of national literatures formed by the basic universals of ethnic consciousness. The novelty lies in the appeal to the image of homeland in Chinese literature through the prism of the historical-etymological and historical-literary reconstruction of the concept that reflects the ethno-psychological foundations of Chinese consciousness. The problem of the study is comparing a number of lexemes, concepts, artistic images that have formed over the centuries the modern idea of the homeland in the Chinese picture of the world. The purpose of the work is to an­ alyze the evolution of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese ethnic and national consciousness on the basis of dictionaries and works of Chinese literature from the Tang era to the 20th century. The methodology is based on the etymological, lexical and semantic reconstruction of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese picture of the world, based on the historical and cultural context. The main research methods are comparative-historical and structural-semantic ones. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of the homeland in the ethnic picture of the world of the Chinese was formed as the statehood and national identity of the peoples inhabiting China. In ancient China, the concept of homeland was associated with the place of birth of ancestors, native places, and the country of exodus of alien peoples. These connotations are most clearly found in the lyrics of the Tang era. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of the national movement, the image of the Motherland, drawn from European culture, appeared in the Chinese ethnic consciousness. The Xinhai Revolution allowed the Chinese to discover the world and foreign lands. The image of the motherland-fatherland in this context appears as a correlate of the concept of a foreign land (Japan, England, America). The image of the Motherland, the Father land is used most actively in new Chinese literature during the period of anti-Japanese resistance. After the formation of the PRC and the formation of the national consciousness of a united China, which united many nationalities, among the connotative meanings of ideas about the homeland, the concept of the homeland as a home state is of primary importance. Keywords: the Chinese, ethnic consciousness, land of ancestors, Motherland, foreign land

Russian Spiritual Experience of M.P. Mussorgsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ivanovna Chupakhina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The paper emphasizes that the processes of globali-zation, including in the field of culture, require close attention and analysis of the philosophical basis of national culture. Russian musical art of the second half of the 19th to early 20th century is a carrier of the axiological content of the cultural system. Music as a model of the Universe, as an important component of the spiritual world of the Russian people, is a specific way of seeing the world, through which they know themselves and the world as a whole. The author not only carries out a philosophical and cul-tural analysis of ideas of M.P. Mussorgsky as a rep-resentative of the Russian musical philosophical thought of the 19th century, but also shows the man-ifestations of these ideas in his works. It is conclud-ed that the composer’s worldview clearly indicates his kinship with Russian socio-philosophical thought.

scholarly journals Proces integracije lokalne zadarske sastavnice hrvatske književnosti u središnju nacionalnu književnost – od (pred)romantizma do moderne

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-407
Author(s):  
Zvjezdana Rados
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Folk Stories

The paper will analyze Zadar’s components of Croatian literature in the period from 1840s until the first decade of the 20th century, marked by nationalintegrative processes and forming a modern national identity. The research object will be the specifics of the development of that part of Croatian literature as well as its relations to literary and historical processes in the center, the mainstream, of national literature – from national revival movements or the period of preromanticism and romanticism, through pre-realism and realism to the period of moderna and stronger integration of Zadar’s (provincial, Dalmatian) segment into central, national Croatian literature. Considerable attention will be paid to the processes of mutual permeating, accepting and rejecting, affirming and negating of Zadar’s periphery, one of the most important peripheries of the Croatian literary canon, and its national center, Zagreb’s mainstream. This issue will be presented through paradigmatic writers and journals that marked key periods of Croatian linguistic and literary homogenization: in the period of (pre)romanticism, during 1840s, this implies the journal Zora dalmatinska and paradigmatic personalities of the literary circle formed around that revival journal (Šime Starčević and Petar Preradović, even Ana Vidović); in the period of folk-enlightenment (pre)realism, from the sixties to the end of the eighties, this includes paradigmatic personality of the Croatian National Revival in Dalmatia – politician and writer Mihovil Pavlinović, as well as Iskra journal and its editor Nikola Šimić (a writer who created a specific peripheral genre of folk stories from rural life); in the time of disintegration of realism and turning towards modernist styles this implies the initiator of Croatian modern literary criticism Jakša Čedomil and the prominent names of the Croatian literary canon in the period of moderna – Ivo Vojnović, Vladimir Nazor and Milan Begović, as well as Lovor magazine of Milutin Cihlar Nehajev.

From "National Culture" to the "National Popular" and the Andean Novel (1889-1950)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanjinés C.
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Nation States ◽  
American Nation

Given the ideological relationship between literature—as practice and as discipline—and the organization of the Spanish-American nation states, it is surprising that—with notable exceptions—literary criticism dedicated to the study of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, did not place sufficient emphasis on the conflict around the construction of the “national culture” and the conflicts created by the “national-popular.” The concept of “national culture” is close to the idea of the “civic” nation, and the “national-popular,” a modernizing proposal, seeks to move beyond the national culture proposed by the criollo elites of the first two decades of the 20th century. Thus, the “national-popular” is of a different political-ideological cast: the drive to create a national democratic subject that was no longer able to continue circulating smoothly within the bourgeois liberal discourse that produced the “national culture.”

scholarly journals BEYOND THE WORLD REPUBLIC OF LETTERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Myriam Avila
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Brazilian Culture

This paper draws on a research focused on Brazilian literary life in the first half of the 20th century. Taking up the idea that Brazilian culture and Brazilian literature must be approached as a language in itself, it aims to contribute to throw light upon the crucial decades in which Europe’s  influence as trendsetter begins to fade. A survey of letters sent from abroad by Brazilian writers to their colleagues in that period will show how displacement influenced their views on literature and life and the depth of their dependence on keeping up dialogue with  home-staying literary friends. Most of Brazilian authors living in foreign countries in the 40s and 50s of last century displayed in their letters the need to remain in touch with their national literature, whereas searching to establish contact with writers from the countries they were residing in was seldom a priority.

scholarly journals Theme “Man and Nature” in the Poetry of Peter Komarov

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
О. N. Alexandrova-Osokina
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Panoramic Image ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Far Eastern

The author’s elaboration of the content and poetics of landscape and natural history lyrics of the Far Eastern poet, winner of the Stalin Prize of the third degree P. S. Komarov (1911—1949) is presented. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the poet’s work has practically not been studied. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern literary criticism to the problems of the literary process of the Soviet period, as well as interest in literary and regional studies. The idea is substantiated that the theme “man and nature” was central in the poetry of P. S. Komarov. It is noted that the dominant principle in the disclosure of this topic were the ideas of all-unity and participation. The question is raised about the nature of the reflection of the ideas of the era in the lyrics: in particular, the points of intersection of the poetic perception of the world in the poems of the “Green Belt” cycle with the ideas of Russian cosmism are revealed. Observations on the specifics of the poetics of Komarov’s landscape lyrics were carried out: the form of the landscape-ecphrasis, the artistic functions of the landscape detail, color painting, toponymy, panoramic image were revealed; some images-motives (nature-garden, nature-book; motive of the brotherhood of the memory of the earth) is revealed. The unique materials of literary criticism of the second half of the 1940s, associated with the assessment of Komarov’s work are presented in the article.

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