INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET VANGUARD OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
T. V KARAKOVA ◽  
E. V RYZhIKOVA

Vanguard are typical for all the transition stages in the history of art culture, certain types of art. In the 20th century. notion of the avant-garde has become the term to refer to a powerful phenomenon of artistic culture that has enveloped her significant events, which have much in common. Vanguard is the reaction of the artistic and aesthetic consciousness on a global, not yet encountered in the history of mankind change in cultural and civilizational process caused by scientific and technological progress (STP) of the last century. The nature and importance to humanity of this process in culture have not yet received adequate scientific and philosophical understanding, but with sufficient detail expressed in the artistic culture in the phenomenon of the avant-garde, modernism, postmodernism.

Author(s):  
Anastasiia Dobrydneva

The subject of this research is the distinctions between two fundamental trends in art of the XX century – art deco and avant-garde, as well as determination of the nature of their interaction. The object of this research is the original texts of artisans and art monuments belonging to both fields. Special attention is given to characteristics of the specific features of art deco and avant-garde, identification of similarities and differences of the two simultaneously developing stylistic concepts. The author examines the key event for the history of interaction of these two trends, namely the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts held in Paris in 1925, and criticism that formed views on art of the era of modernism. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the two paramount trends for grasping history of culture of the XX century in the context of their interaction. Since 1966, art deco was not recognized as an in dependent style, but rather closely connected with modernism and patterned on avant-garde. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in revelation of adaptive cultural mechanism that allowed art deco to overcome a number of problems, among which in underlines the relation to technological progress and mass society. The author highlights that both trends should be viewed in the context of cultural dialogue. First and foremost, they were united by orientation towards modernity and development of innovative language of art.


Author(s):  
Liubov Tiutina

The history of the development of architecture has shown that until the middle of the XIXth century, the expression of the plastic language of buildings was restrained by both the preferences of society and the material construction base. Industrial progress has reorganized the structural framework of buildings and the outer wall has ceased to accept the load of floors. In the XXth century it provided opportunities for an expanded stylistic diversity of architecture in the spirit of modernism. However, parallel to this, the processes of returning to the plastic language of architecture of the past took place wave-like. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. Firstly, there are ideological beliefs and interference of political forces in architecture. States with a totalitarian regime in the XXth century (Germany, Italy, the USSR) dictated their own conditions for proper life, rejecting the avant-garde and modernist trends. Secondly, there is a certain philosophical, intellectual attitude to reflection with the architecture of the past. The origin of this phenomenon comes from the United States, where modernism from the beginning of the XXth century to the 60s had been developing without non-stop. All of this led to some emotional fatigue and boredom, and as a result, the style of postmodernism appeared, where elements of historicism were rethought and introduced into modern architecture. The third reason for returning the vector of architecture development back to the past is lack of understanding of the trends and opportunities of modern architecture. In Ukraine, buildings are being built from reinforced concrete, with a free curtain facade, but the plastic language of architecture is expressed in an eclectic mix of different historical styles. This distortion of the essence of modern architecture can be explained by the inability of modern architects to keep up with the time. The fourth reason for the desire to return to the style of historicism is dictated by the historical environment of old cities, which, according to both society and architects, should be maintained in its context even if new buildings appear there or renovations are carried out.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel Díez Martínez

Resumen En enero de 1945 Arts & Architecture puso en marcha el programa CaseStudy House, un experimento ideado por John Entenza que les reservaríaa él y a su revista un lugar importante en la historia de la arquitectura moderna del siglo XX. Desde que asumió la dirección de Arts & Architectureen 1940, Entenza supo rodearse de creadores y artistas como Alvin Lustig,Ray y Charles Eames, Herbert Matter o Julius Shulman, que contribuyerona elevar el estándar gráfico de su publicación y le confirieron una identidadinnovadora que respaldaba visualmente el discurso intelectual vanguardista de compromiso con la arquitectura y el diseño modernos que defendía en sus páginas. Este artículo analiza los orígenes, las estrategias de trasformación y los nombres propios que hicieron realidad una revista que, cincuenta años después de su desaparición en 1967, sigue resultando tan atractiva y radical como cuando se editaba.AbstractIn January 1945 Arts & Architecture launched the Case Study House program, an experiment devised by John Entenza that would reserve for him and his magazine an important place in the history of modern architecture of the twentieth century. From the moment he took over the direction of Arts & Architecture in 1940, Entenza knew how to seduce creators and artists such as Alvin Lustig, Ray and Charles Eames, Herbert Matter and Julius Shulman, who contributed to raise the graphic standard of his publication and gave it an innovative identity that visually supported the avant-garde intellectual discourse of commitment to modern architecture and design that it defended in its pages. This article analyzesthe origins, the strategies of transformation and the proper names that made the magazine a reality that, fifty years after its disappearance in 1967, continues to be as attractive and radical as when it was published.


Author(s):  
Aurora Egido

Se trata de componer un discurso poético partiendo de las palabras del propio autor. Pero, en este caso, el contrafactor no vuelve ni a lo divino, ni a lo humano la obra de Jaime Siles, sino que trata de componer una semblanza aproximada a partir de algunos de sus textos. Ya Marino habló de la licitud de robare, con tal de que lo sustraido se engastara de manera diferente para cobrar un nuevo significado. La operación es tan arriesgada como quien rompe un vitral de colores para componer otro distinto con los cristales rotos. Tal efecto de violencia se inserta en los parámetros de una era en la que triunfan lo fragmentario y la composición de imágenes heterogéneas (por no hablar de montaje literario, ya se trate de Walter Benjamin o de Benjamin Fondane). Si Aby Warburg (Atlas Menmosyne, 1924 y 1929) trató de transformar la historia del arte reuniendo las imágenes en paneles móviles, que se podían montar y desmontar a conveniencia, ¿por qué no hacerlo con un autor que tanto sabe del Barroco, de las vanguardias y de la posmodernidad? Se trata de un experimento de manipulación no engañosa, sin más ambición que la de reordenar las palabras y las cosas en el espacio de la lectura, donde estas adquieran siempre una dimensión personal y dificilmente transferible.  The question is to compose a poetic discourse from the words of the author himself. But, in this case, the contrafactor doesn’t change the work of Jaime Siles nor “a lo divino”, nor “a lo humano”, but tries to compose an approximate semblance from some of his texts. Marino talked about the legality of robare, as long as it is crimped differently to take on a new meaning. The operation is as risky as one who breaks a glass window to compose a different one with the broken glasses. Such an effect of violence is inserted in the parameters of an era in which succeed the fragmentary and the composition of heterogeneous images (not to mention the literary montage of Walter Benjamin or Benjamin Fondane). If Aby Warburg (Atlas Menmosyne, 1924 and 1929) attempted to transform the history of art collecting images on removable panels that could be assembled and disassembled for convenience, why not do it with an author who knows both the Baroque, the avant-garde and postmodernism? This is a not misleading manipulation experiment, with no other ambition than to rearrange the words and things in the space of reading, where they always acquire a personal and hardly transferable dimension.


Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Eva Wattolik

When discussing the correlation between technological progress and the development of modern architecture, case studies from the fine arts can be instructive. This article undertakes a close architectural analysis of Tomás Saraceno’s walkable art installation “In Orbit” (2013) by releasing previously unpublished technical specifications. A brief history of envisioned and constructed space architecture of the last hundred years—which can be divided into three phases—serves to locate the installation within the currents of predictive utopia, realized architecture and technological development. It becomes clear that Saraceno not only takes up pre-existing architectural techniques, but also develops them further.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Berkova

The documentary by Victor Turin The Steel Way. Turksib (1929) is analyzed in this essay from the perspective of interaction between nature and society. The essay compares Turksib with the avant-garde films of Dziga Vertov and analyzes the language, editing system and poetics of intertitles characteristic of Turins film. It is noted that in the visual structure of Turksib images of the sculpting in time (according to Andrei Tarkovsky) allocate a significant role to the ethnographic pictures of local peoples life, virgin landscapes and wild and domestic animals. The accent is put on the emphatic rhythm of the intertitles, which actualizes the problems of interaction between nature and society. The construction of the Turkestan-Siberian railway through the Kazakh steppe and the Siberian forests demonstrates the advancement of scientism whose proponents are convinced of the inevitability of scientific and technological progress. The essay shows how the attitudes of the representatives of power, the transformers of the region lead to a change in value priorities in particular, towards the pacifying of the stubborn nature with the aim of putting it at the service of man. The essay ends with an analysis of Turksibs significance as an ecological message and concludes that if the ideas and artistic techniques of Turins film were developed further, the history of documentary cinema in the following decades could include ecology as one of its major directions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Oksana Salata

The article is devoted to the figure of Kazimir Malevich as an artist and art critic, who introduced new tendencies and approaches to the depiction of objects into traditional art; representation of the artist in avant-garde discussions in the period of his teaching at the Kyiv Art Institute in 1928–1930; searches and experiments of the artist, which were closely connected with the feeling of modernity and new impulses in culture. Malevich’s activity on creation of a unique history of art of Modernism is revealed. It is shown that the scientific controversy between artists over traditional approaches and pictorial methods acted as a catalyst for the development of a new direction in modern art. Discussions between Kazimir Malevich and Mykhailo Boichuk became fundamental for an artistic discussion which continues among contemporary artists and art critics. The artist based his work on objectlessness, which became a method of interpreting art. In this way, he shifted the emphasis from defining the content to defining the form, the very essence of art. Being a theorist, Kazimir Malevich discovered the patterns of development of art form, explaining the importance and sequence of emergence of each new direction: Suprematism, Cubism, Cubofuturism. Artistic discussions with contemporaries were of great importance. Malevich’s ideas continued to spread thanks to students and like-minded people who developed them and developed new approaches to painting techniques. The experience embodied by the artist at the Kyiv Art Institute showed the peculiarity of the artistic space that was formed in Kyiv in the late 1920s. Kazimir Malevich’s ideas are a promising scientific research for both historians and art historians as they show new facets of the avant-garde style.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Cappelle

AbstractBergs and Kompa (Creativity within and outside the linguistic system. Cognitive Semiotics 13. 1, 2020) discuss creativity in language, which they see as largely rule-bound, as opposed to ‘true,’ rule-breaking creativity in the arts. However, the distinction between intra- and extra-system creativity is not always easy to make. Languages have evolved into efficient systems for communication and occasionally allow for divergences of their own norms, within limits of comprehensibility, just like games are developed to enable maximum player creativity or even rule bending (as in the case of Monopoly Cheaters Edition). The paradox of systems licencing violations of their own norms and rules is similar to the one underlying avant-garde as one or more movements in the history of art, when breaking with expectations was the vogue of the time — hence, somehow to be expected. Judging art as innovative or not also depends on what we adopt as our artistic frame of reference. Furthermore, single works of art or single artists can be ahead of the times in some respects but not in others. Turning again to language, I agree with Bergs and Kompa that competent speakers abide by the rules, which implies such language users also know (perhaps not always fully consciously) how to exploit in-built mechanisms that make them sound creative.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-267
Author(s):  
Kuniichi Uno

For Gilles Deleuze's two essays ‘Causes and Reasons of Desert Islands’ and ‘Michel Tournier and the World Without Others’, the crucial question is what the perception is, what its fundamental conditions are. A desert island can be a place to experiment on this question. The types of perception are described in many critical works about the history of art and aesthetical reflections by artists. So I will try to retrace some types of perception especially linked to the ‘haptic’, the importance of which was rediscovered by Deleuze. The ‘haptic’ proposes a type of perception not linked to space, but to time in its aspects of genesis. And something incorporeal has to intervene in a very original stage of perception and of perception of time. Thus we will be able to capture some links between the fundamental aspects of perception and time in its ‘out of joint’ aspects (Aion).


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