scholarly journals SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS OF MONTENEGRO

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra DESPOTOVIĆ ◽  
Miomir JOVANOVIĆ ◽  
Miljan JOKSIMOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Female Population

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

scholarly journals THE MORBIDITY OF MAMMARY GLAND CANCER OF FEMALE POPULATION OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Irina N. Odintsova ◽  
L. F. Pisareva ◽  
O. A. Ananina ◽  
E. V. Panferova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Mammary Gland Cancer

The breast cancer is one of main localizations among malignant tumors in women of the Siberian Federal District. In the structure of morbidity it holds first place with such percentage as 20.4% and index of morbidity makes up to 51.2 per 100 000 of female population. The territories with increased and decreased risk are established. The features of prevalence of disease in a certain degree are conditioned by differences in demographic characteristics of populations. The indices of life-span, birth-rate in fertile age and divorce rate effect the level of morbidity of breast cancer in population.

Access to cataract services in selected rural communities in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lunic Base Khoza ◽  
Wilfred Njabulo Nunu ◽  
Bumani Solomon Manganye ◽  
Pfungwa Mambanga ◽  
Shonisani Tshivhase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Patient Records

Abstract Background Despite government efforts to improve access to health care services through the re-engineered Primary Health Care and National Health insurance platform, access still remain a challenge particularly in rural areas. The aim of this study was to analyse secondary data on cataract patients who were attended to in selected hospitals in rural Limpopo of South Africa. Methodology A cross section survey was conducted on 411 patient records from five selected hospitals in Vhembe district. A pre tested structured checklist was used to guide retrieval of variables from patient records. The collected data was entered into excel spreadsheet, cleaned and imported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Proportions of demographic characteristics were presented and these were cross tabulated with the outcome variable “success of operation” using Chi Squared tests. Results Findings point out that majority of patients who attended hospital for eye services were aged 65 years above and females (63%). There was no association between the tested demographic characteristics and the outcome variable. Most patients were diagnosed in the period 2015-2018 (60%). Over 90% of those that were operated had successful operations. Of the remaining 10% that had unsuccessful operations, 30% cited complications as being the reason why these operations were unsuccessful. Conclusions It is evident from the findings that cataract services offered in rural areas have low impact as they are not accessible to the patient. It is critical to have a worker retention strategy to retain experts.

scholarly journals Cesarean delivery and its social determinants in women of childbearing age: analysis of Benin’s DHS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kpozehouen ◽  
Y Glèlè Ahanhanzo ◽  
E Klikpo ◽  
C Azandjeme ◽  
C Metonnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Childbearing Age

Abstract Background Caesarean delivery, usually performed on a medical indication, is intended for maternal or fetal rescue. Accessibility issues justify setting up a so-called model of “free caesarean” in several developing countries, including Benin, in order to reduce social inequalities and contribute to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The study aimed to identify the determinants associated with caesarean delivery in women aged 15-49 in Benin. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from Benin’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2017 - 2018. It was limited to mothers aged 15 to 49 who gave birth to at least one child in the 5 years preceding the survey. The socio-demographic characteristics of the mother and the variables related to pregnancy were the independent variables. Association between cesarean delivery and its determinants was assessed by odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval using a logistic regression. Results The percentage of mothers who gave birth by caesarean was 6.84%, 95% CI = [6.07; 7.59]. The average age was 29.37 years, 95% CI = [29.20; 29.55]. The probability of cesarean delivery was higher with women aged 45 years and older (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = [1.85, 6.01]), living in urban areas (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.08 1.84]), from rich or very rich households (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.29, 3.05], OR = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.19, 2.96] respectively) and educated (OR = 1.63 95% CI = [1.19, 2.24] and OR = 1.81, 95% CI = [0.97, 3.39] for the secondary and upper levels respectively). Conclusions This analysis shows that cesarean delivery remains associated with the socio-demographic characteristics of the mother, including the level of economic well-being. The current financing model of cesarean should be evaluated for effectiveness and further interventions need to be implemented to account for other factors of disparity. Key messages Benin health authorities should improve the geographical accessibility of Cesarean section, especially in rural areas. The strategies proposed to improve the financial accessibility of cesarean section do not seem effective, so the Beninese authorities should think about revising them.

scholarly journals Refractive Errors: Prevalence and Pattern among Rural Population of Islamabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Waseem Akhter ◽  
Erum Yousafzai ◽  
Afia Matloob Rana ◽  
Shakaib Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

Background: Refractive error is the most common cause of correctable visual loss worldwide. Decreased vision due to refractive error can be easily corrected with the help of spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery. However, there are 42% of uncorrected refractive errors all over the world. The present study aimed to evaluate different kinds of refractive errors, its prevalence and pattern in patients from rural areas who visited our hospital in the last five years. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 2,138 patients, who visited eye OPD at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad during a period of five years i.e. from September, 2013 to September, 2018. Patients having only refractive error with an age of five years and above were included in the study.  All patients had objective refraction with automated refractometer followed by subjective refraction. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was used for comparing groups with a P-value of <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Compound myopic astigmatism was the most common error found in our study population (n=575; 26.9%). The second most frequent complaint was simple myopia (n=501; 23.4%) followed by presbyopia (n=441; 20.6%) and mixed astigmatism (n=235; 11%). Patients with more than one refractive error included 178 (8.3%) with mixed astigmatism and presbyopia and 78 (3.6%) with simple myopia and presbyopia. Compound myopic astigmatism was more prevalent in younger ages compared to older age groups (46.4% vs 19.9%) (P <0.001). Mixed astigmatism (12.4% vs 8.9%), simple myopia (23.8% vs 22.9%) and presbyopia (21.3% vs 19.5%) were slightly greater in females than males (P=0.07), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia is significantly higher among female population and young individuals. Mixed astigmatism combined with presbyopia is more common among elderly population.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Serbian Villages in COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Tamara Lukić ◽  
Tatjana Pivac ◽  
Milica Solarević ◽  
Ivana Blešić ◽  
Jelena Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The subject of this paper is to determine how the COVID-19 virus pandemic affected the situation in Serbian villages. The task of the paper is to show the positive and negative consequences that resulted from the pandemic. This would indicate that some of them may represent a new idea, a chance, or would work in favor of the sustainability of the villages of Serbia. In support of objectivity, research was carried out among the population that inhabits the rural areas of Serbia. It examined the extent to which internationally recognized phenomena and consequences of the COVID-19 virus pandemic were present in the study area and considered the nature of their impact on sustainability. The results of the semi-structured questionnaire were processed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Respondents contributed to the conception of possible solutions with their comments. The obtained differences in the answers resulted from different socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, but also from the fact that the villages of Serbia differ in natural and social characteristics. Respondents’ responses are in favor of economic and sociodemographic sustainability, but they do not think in terms of environmental sustainability. The paper reveals several development opportunities, which complement each other and contribute to different methods for sustainability of rural villages in Serbia.

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SITE VICINITY AREA FOR PREPARATION IN WEST KALIMANTAN NPP SITE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Alimah ◽  
Euis Etty Alhakim ◽  
Sunarko ◽  
Kurnia Anzhar ◽  
Mudjiono
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nuclear Emergency

The potential risk of radioactive release to the environment and surrounding population can occur when there is a nuclear emergency, and nuclear preparedness planning is required for disaster mitigation. In preparedness planning, data is needed, one of which is demographic characteristics. Demographic information in site preparation can produce appropriate and efficient policy formulations because the number and density of the population, as well as the susceptible population, are known. The method used is secondary data collection, data verification, data processing, mapping, and analysis. This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics of the site vicinity. The study results show that the population density in 5 km radius area is 177 people/km2. In 2018, the total population was 5,199 people, the percentage of the male population was 50.3%, and the female population was 49.7%. The population aged ?20 years was 63.4%, 5-19 years old was 29.7%, and aged 0-4 was 6.9%. The projected population in 2047 is 6,523 people. The assumption is that in the event of a nuclear emergency, the emergency response considers the susceptible population. Evacuation of residents related to the emergency response can be carried out through 2 routes, namely through the South Singkawang District to the West Singkawang area, which is about 30 km from the site or through the Sungai Raya District to the Sungai Kunyit area, which is of about 26 km from the site.

Prevalence of certain categories of legal problems at the local level

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Maryna Shpiker
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Legal Problems

The article presents a spatial analysis of the prevalence of certain categories of legal problems in Ukraine. The analysis was performed using the database of client appeals of the free legal aid system of Ukraine for 2019 in five categories of problems related to the areas of housing, pension, inheritance, labor, and land law. For each settlement where at least one free legal aid office is located, the share of appeals related to the 5 selected categories from the total number of appeals was calculated. The obtained indicators were used for mapping, correlation analysis and statistical tests. Certain territorial regularities were discovered, as well as correlations of the share of appeals on certain categories of problems with separate social and demographic characteristics of the population at the oblast level were identified. In particular, the share of appeals on housing law at the oblast level is positively correlated with the percentage of households living in apartments, and increases in bigger settlements and their proximity to the oblast center. The share of appeals on land issues is growing from east to west, is highest in rural areas and is positively correlated with the percentage of rural population in the region, as well as the percentage of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The share of appeals on hereditary issues is the largest in the western macro-region and small settlements, and also correlates positively with the average household size in the region. Regularities on the prevalence of appeals on labor and pension law could not be found. For all categories of problems, a geographical variation in the prevalence of various legal problems is observed at the oblast level, when the indicators may differ significantly in neighboring districts.

scholarly journals Do women in rural areas of Serbia rarely apply preventive measures against cervical cancer?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Antic ◽  
Bosiljka Djikanovic ◽  
Dejana Vukovic ◽  
Vladimir Kaludjerovic
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Gynecological Examination

Background/Aim. The incidence of cervical cancer in Central Serbia has the higher rate as compared with that in other European countries. Considering mortality rate for cervical cancer, the standardized rate in Serbia is 10.1 per 10,000 females, which is the second highest one after that in Romania with 13.0. The aim of this study was to examine application of preventive measures for cervical cancer in women both from rural and urban areas in Serbia and if they are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviour. Methods. We analyzed secondary data of the 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia focused on characteristics of adult females aged 25 to 65 years (5.314 in total) taking into consideration that programme of the organized screening will include female population aged over 25 years. Results. Respondents from rural areas have gynecological examination less than once a year in comparison with those from urban areas (OR = 0.60, 95% Cl 0.54-0.68). Less women from rural areas did Pap test during the last 12 months in comparison with respondents from urban areas (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.48- 0.64). Respondents from urban areas less often do the Pap test on doctor's advice in comparison with those from rural one (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.42-0.62). Conclusion. This study shows that women in rural areas rarely implement preventive gynecological measures againt cervical cancer in comparison with those in urban areas. Implementation of preventive measures among rural women is conditioned by lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status.

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