scholarly journals FRENCH ORAL SPEECH CORPORA: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Iryna Strashko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Data Treatment ◽  
Speech Corpora ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The paper describes the issues of the origin, development, distribution and use of French oral speech corpora. The specifics of collecting, constituting and treatment of oral data were also analyzed. The choice of the French investigation tradition was caused by the fact that it is not well-known in Ukrainian corpus research. It was noted that the development of oral speech corpora by French researchers occurred with a delay, mainly due to technical reasons. The compilers of early collections of sound texts followed their own rules of recording, transcribing and saving, so today it is almost impossible to use them. Based on the analysis of the available speech corpora, it was found that they are characterized by heterogeneity, a variety of purposes for their creating, including scientific ones, and blurred chronological boundaries. Dissimilarity in researchers’ epistemological orientations, differences in knowledge and tools, corpora’s heterogeneousness involve a diversity of methodological approaches to their constitution and usage. It is worth mentioning that the insufficiency of big and multi-level oral speech corpora in terms of their quantity, quality and scientific reliability, is directly related to the conditions of their implementation and depends on a combination of scientific, technological and institutional factors. Oral data treatment involves transcription, which includes technological, theoretical and interpretation issues. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the constitution and the use of French speech corpora are not limited to voice recordings and purely technical aspects as they acquire importance in the openness and availability of their data.

scholarly journals Foreign policy expertise: Polyvariety of research approaches in political science

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Onopko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Expert Community

The main theoretical and methodological approaches that are used in Russian and world political science to study foreign policy expertise and related problems are analyzed in the article. The author concludes that there are so called “procedural”, institutional, system, and network approaches. From the point of view of the first one, foreign policy expertise is a special activity or procedure that is carried out by subjects with special knowledge and status. The institutional approach focuses on particular expert organizations (mostly think tanks) that work in the field of foreign policy and international relations. It is effective in exploring the features of their organizational structure and functioning, history, and current practice. The system approach is inherent primarily in Russian scholarly works on foreign policy expertise. Historians were the first to use it for this purpose. The network methodology is mostly used to study the expert community as a complex of multi-level subjects participating in the assessment and making of foreign policy decisions. Despite the fact that these approaches give a relatively holistic view on foreign policy expertise, there still are problem areas associated with it, which have not yet become the object of theorizing within political science.

scholarly journals Managerial Resource for Personnel Development in Agricultural Reclamation of the Russian Federation: Additional Professional Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ugryumova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila Pautova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Additional Education

The level of professional development of personnel is a determining resource for the effectiveness of land reclamation industry and the agro-industrial complex, since the availability and level of development of modern competencies by the workforce largely determine the competitiveness of industry organizations and land reclamation in general. The purpose of the paper is to study the scientific and methodological features and technologies of the system of modern additional professional education of land reclamation personnel, to find reserves for its development. The scientific novelty of research lies in the definition of a complex of organizational and scientific-methodological approaches to the management of additional professional education of the personnel in the industry of land reclamation. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis, systematization of scientific and methodological materials on additional professional education system, logical and situational analysis, methods of processing and generalization of results. Based on the results of scientific and practical analysis, the structural and content indicators of the readiness of programs of additional professional education of reclamation personnel are determined, a set of scientific and methodological approaches to the implementation of educational programs of additional professional education and the mechanism of sectoral multi-level professional and educational interaction between organizations implementing professional education programs for the reclamation sector of the agro-industrial complex are proposed. The elements of this interaction in the development and implementation of educational programs of additional professional education in the reclamation industry are specified. The following conclusions are drawn. In the course of the conducted scientific and practical research of scientific and methodological features of additional professional education of land reclamation personnel, an attempt is made to solve the problem of scientific, methodological and methodological support for industrial additional education. A mechanism for multi-level professional and educational interaction between industry organizations was developed. The results of this study may be of interest to the heads of organizations that implement additional professional education programs for specialists of the agro-industrial complex, specialists in the field of continuing education.

scholarly journals Multi-Storey Residential Timber Construction: Current Developments in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lattke ◽  
Steffen Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Sustainable Materials

This is a research paper with a focus on technical aspects of timber and on recent case studies, discussing the use of timber as multi-frame for multi-level residential buildings in Europe. The authors see this as a relevant topic within the context of the current environmental debate and the use of sustainable materials and construction methods. The conclusion suggests that timber is a high performance construction material adequate for multi-storey residential buildings, even in an urban context.

Resource Passageways and Caravans: A Multi-level, Multi-disciplinary Review of the Antecedents of Resources over the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sarandopoulos ◽  
Prashant Bordia
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Older Worker ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Resources are vital for older worker effectiveness and well-being, yet limited attention has been paid to the antecedents of resources. Drawing together the rich cross-disciplinary literature on resources, and through the lens of cumulative disadvantage and resource passageways, we review the individual, organizational, and institutional factors that influence the resources available to people in late working life. The review provides a more nuanced perspective on older workers as agentic actors. We highlight how agency can be constrained via a person’s resources, which are shaped by structural influences. Knowledge of structural influences on resources is important for understanding the experiences of older workers and their continued effectiveness in the work domain. We outline avenues for future research on resources and aging at work that incorporates these multi-level influences.

The Multi-level Approach to Speech Corpora Annotation for Automatic Speech Recognition

2015 ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Igor Glavatskih ◽  
Tatyana Platonova ◽  
Valeria Rogozhina ◽  
Anna Shirokova ◽  
Anna Smolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Speech Corpora ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented english lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Iryna Skril
Keyword(s):  
Student Centered ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Communicative Activity

Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant specialists are selected and revealed, and the principles of this process are substantiated. The essence and structure of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking of future specialists of hotel and restaurant business are formulated. The preconditions of vocabulary use, including terminological, are considered. It has been found, that the production of oral speech is impossible without the perception and understanding of oral speech by ear. The following approaches are described, which provide methodical and methodological substantiation of the process of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business, such as: communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic. The peculiarities of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business on the basis of the communicative approach are outlined. The educational materials, used in the application of the communicative approach, are investigated. The interactive discourse, which is a type of communicative activity, is considered. The principles, on which this process is based, are analyzed: general methodological principles (situational; communicative activity; communicative value; immersion), specific principles speech clichés, parallel activation of visual and auditory channels of information perception). Recommendations for the optimal combination of classroom learning and extracurricular learning, including independent work with the help of network technologies using video, audio and text materials, are given. Learning outcomes are formulated on the basis of the student-centered approach, attention is focused on students' skills and competencies. On the basis of the sociolinguistic approach, the creation of educational situations for the purpose of reproduction of scenarios of professionally oriented communication of experts of hotel and restaurant business is provided. It is concluded, that the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant professionals on the basis of communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic approaches will ensure the effectiveness of this process

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ORAL SPEECH WITH SIGNS OF INTERLINGUAL INTERFERENCE, VERNACULAR WITH FOREIGN LANGUAGE ELEMENTS, IMITATION OF SPEECH IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 691-711
Author(s):  
A. Ovannisian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The need to write this article is due to the linguistic situation, that has developed, in particular, in Ukraine, when, as a result of the activation of migration processes, the object of forensic research is increasingly becoming speech with foreign language elements. Based on this, an acute problem arises of developing methodological approaches to the forensic study of speech material with signs of interlingual interference, its distinction from common speech using foreign language elements (pidgin in Ukrainian realities), and, if necessary, the appearance of signs of imitation of speech in a non-native language. The article deals with the universal basic criteria for establishing signs of interlingual interference: consistency, complexity, predictability, stability of their manifestation, which makes it possible to distinguish them from signs of speech in the native language, and, no less important, from signs of pidgin or imitation, which do not have the above properties. The possibilities of obtaining useful information in the process of studying speech with signs of interlingual interference are also analyzed, which concerns, in particular: 1) establishing whether the speaker is a native speaker of the language in which he speaks; 2) establishing the native language of the speaker (provided that the expert is fluent in this language); 3) establishing whether the participants in the polylogue or dialogue are speakers of one or different languages; 4) conducting an identification study of speech in a non-native language of two speakers of the same language, etc. Proceeding from the fact that interlingual interference is, in fact, a complex feature that can be unambiguously established only if its manifestations are recorded at different linguistic levels, the article discusses possible forms of its implementation in phonetic, prosodic, morphological, lexical, syntactic, ethnolinguistic levels. As specific examples of a comprehensive study of the signs of interlanguage interference, the article sets out the systems of the main signs of interlanguage interference that can be recorded in the speech in Russian of the native speakers of the Ukrainian language and in the speech in the Ukrainian language of the native speakers of the Russian language.

scholarly journals Resilience in Complex Catchment Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Lindsay Beevers ◽  
Melissa Bedinger ◽  
Kerri McClymont ◽  
Annie Visser-Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Bounce Back

In this paper, we explore how we can use catchment resilience as a unifying concept to manage and regulate catchments, using structured reviews to support our perspective. Catchments are complex systems with interrelated natural, social, and technical aspects. The exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of these aspects (separately and in combination) are the latent conditions, which, when triggered by a hydrohazard, result in catchment impacts. In complex catchment systems, resilience is the ability to bounce back, the ability to absorb, and the ability to transform. When all three abilities are accounted for, we are forced to consider the interactions of the catchment system. Six main complexity concepts can be used to frame how we approach evaluating catchment resilience. These concepts are: natural-social-technical aspects, interactions, spatial scales, time scales, multiple forms of evidence, and uncertainty. In analysing these complexity concepts, we have found that there are several gaps in current practice. Requirements for future methodological approaches are suggested. Central to any effective approach is the incorporation of a linking systems or interaction analysis, which draws together the natural-social-technical system in a meaningful way. If our approaches do not begin to acknowledge the interdependencies and interactions, we may miss substantial opportunities to enhance catchment resilience.

A planning model for optimum use of timber transport on the road network

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Пильник ◽  
Yuliya Pilnik ◽  
Сушков ◽  
Sergey Sushkov ◽  
Бурмистрова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Timber Transport

The research was carried in the field of development of methodological approaches to the construction of complexes of interrelated models of analysis of the transport development and its functioning. If transport is an element of the national economy then the analysis of the links in this sector with other sectors of material production is based on the study of the proportions be-tween the volumes and structure of forest products and the products of all other industries. The problem of multi-level management of transportation and production systems is very vital but poorly covered in the literature on the forest complex specialties.

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