Reviews of the Literature

1955 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Keyword(s):  
Political Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
And Behavior

Political theorists have at all times regarded their subject matter as one area of human behavior, and many of them have searched for the psychological laws which would best explain and predict what happens in politics, and also what ought to happen. These attempts have produced some of the narrowest and most distorted theories of human motivation and behavior, as in Hobbes's grand system, in Rousseau's, in Utilitarianism. Spokesmen for the irrational forces, from Mandeville to Bagehot and to some latter day authors, have erred as much through lack of thoroughness, as the rationalists did through excessive confidence in building comprehensive systems. Such diverse writers and statesmen, however, as Machiavelli, Burke, Tocqueville, J. S. Mill and Graham Wallas have left posterity invaluable observations and analyses of the motives and sentiments which influence politics, and on how they operate. The work of any one of them, or all of them together with yet others, could, perhaps, justly be presented for study as a psychology of politics. Yet, if the model of scientific discipline is the mensurational method and reproduceable experiment employed in the physicist's laboratory, then the body of political psychology built up by generations of historians, lawyers, philosophers and statesmen, is not science.

Prinsip Dasar Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Dalam Islam

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Misbahul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
And Behavior

In order for humans could reach the so-called falah (goodness), human behavior needs to be colored with the spirit and norms of Islamic economics reflected in its values. The principles and values of Islamic economics are considerably two inseparable things. The implementation of economic principles without being colored with values or values without being based on principles could keep people far away from their purpose, namely falah. The implementation of values not based on principles will tend to bring with it the normative economics, which would cause it trapped into injustice. While the implementation of values on the Islamic economic development is based on the five universal values, namely akidah (belief), 'adl (justice), nubuwwah (prophetic), khilafah (the government), and ma'ad (results). The five principles are used as the basis for building theories of Islamic economics. But strong and adequate theories not applied into a system will make the Islamic economics just as the study of science without giving positive impact on the economic life. Therefore, based on the five universal values, the three derivative principles should be built into the characteristics and the forerunner of the Islamic economic system. The Islamic economic system makes sure that there are no economic transactions that are contrary to the Shari'a. But business performance depends on the man behind the gun. For that reason, the economic actors within this framework could be held by non-Muslims. The Islamic economics could only be developed if the mindset and behavior of Muslims are already itqan (diligent) and ihsan (professional). It "may be" one of the secrets of the Prophet's statement, saying "Truly I was sent to perfect good character". Because good character could be an indicator of knowing good or bad behavior in determining both the success and the failure of business itself.

Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants (from history to the present)

2021 ◽  
pp. 713-729
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeevna Ilyina ◽  
Natal’a Valer’evna Filippova ◽  
Yulia Borisovna Barylnik
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Pharmacogenetics is a relatively new scientific discipline, which is currently the main tool in personalized medicine. The aim of research in this area is to identify significant genetic markers for the introduction of their accounting in routine clinical practice. Generalization of data on the patient’s phenotype should be the key to predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug in the body. A personalized approach based on pharmacogenetic research data in psychiatry is extremely relevant due to the high social and budgetary costs of treating mental disorders around the world. Currently, there are data on the pharmacogenetics of most modern antidepressants, however, conducting such studies in patients with depressive disorders in most cases is impossible for implementation in routine clinical practice due to the impossibility of conducting the test in the laboratory of medical organizations and the lack of specialists competent in the clinical interpretation of the results of pharmacogenetic testing.

scholarly journals Editor's Welcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Groth ◽  
Diederik F. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The Subject

With far too many scholarly journals out there now, why launch yet another? Hurried readers may never recognize what THYMOS is about unless they get past the first word to what follows: Journal of Boyhood Studies. That may happen in quite a few cases at first, but we are convinced that once underway, THYMOS will take its place among the best interdisciplinary journals in English. Boys, we believe, have something to teach us about the body, sexuality, spirituality and the imagination and, for that reason, without wishing to be excessive, we want to emphasize our conviction that the subject matter of THYMOS—boys and boyhood—is central to everyone’s self-understanding as a human being in what will very soon be a thoroughgoing global culture.

scholarly journals Emergence ecology of the critically endangered Urothemis edwardsii in a new colonized site in El Kala National Park (Algeria): conservation implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Baaloudj Affef
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dragonfly Species

Urothemis edwardsii is one of the most threatened dragonfly species in the Mediterranean. Recent investigations and conservation efforts have increased the local geographic distribution of the species in Northeast Algeria, where a new population (named El Graeate) has been discovered. In the absence of information about the biology and behavior of U. edwardsii in this new site, a study was conducted on the emergence ecology of the species taking into account the temporal pattern of emergence, sex ratio, body size and microhabitat selection. Emergence, which was quite asynchronous, lasted for 50 days, with 50% of the population emerging within the first half of the period. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased despite the absence of sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that size is not the only driving force behind mortality bias during the larval stage. There was a slight seasonal increase in the body size of exuviae (exoskeletons) in both sexes. Microhabitat selection, assessed as the vertical stratification of exuviae at ecdysis, was positively correlated with the height of supporting plants, but the relationship reached a plateau suggesting that there are predetermined limits to the vertical distribution of exuviae. These data will be essential for the future species protection, restoration and management attempts in the region.

scholarly journals THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ADVOCACY ETHICS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: CONTENT AND SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Profession ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
And Behavior

the article States that the ethics of a lawyer is an important component of the legal ethics; stated that the legal profession has as its object the person, affects its interests, rights, private life, so the study of moral aspects and problems of advocacy is today of paramount importance; marked by such key concepts as morality, law, ethics, justice, duty, good, evil, conscience, responsibility, honor, dignity, humanity; noted that part of ethics, legal ethics is a scientific discipline whose subject is the manifestation of morality in justice and law enforcement; marked what is the value of legal ethics is that it gives the moral nature of the activities for implementation of justice, the implementation of the prosecutorial, investigative work and other activities carried out by professional lawyers; States that legal ethics contributes to the proper formation of consciousness, attitudes of members of the legal profession, focusing them on rigorous compliance with moral norms; stated that today is the actual context of the conversation separately about the ethics of judges, investigative ethics, ethics counsel; noted that the specifics of advocacy requires a balance in the service of a lawyer; noted, what legal ethics is designed to ensure the performance of lawyer's duties honestly, competently and in good faith, to form proper level of public confidence in the legal profession as a representative of civil society and personally to the lawyers; noted that the basis of the relationship of the lawyer and the client is trust; noted that the attorney has no right to own, not coordinated with the client the position of the defence, counsel should pay special attention to the client, who is in custody, fee practice a lawyer shall take into consideration a number of factors; the caveats regarding the prohibition resumania of participants in the process; indicate their objections against the wrong actions of the investigator or body of inquiry, the lawyer is obliged to clothe in a legal form and contribute to the formation of a respectful attitude to the court as a branch of government; provided that an advocate shall be prohibited to violate professional ethics, and the need to build relationships with colleagues in the profession on standards of decency and respect to help Junior colleagues; to respect the dignity, prestige and business reputation of other lawyers to form a decent line of their own positions and behavior and have compelling personal point of view.

scholarly journals alienated human

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Quoc ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tri ◽  
Nguyen Anh Thuong ◽  
Dinh The Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Van Bung
Keyword(s):  
Spare Parts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Senses ◽  
And Behavior

Man and nature is a unity between body and individual in behavior. Humans are liberty, creative, happy subjects in behavior and labor. By behavior and labor, humans produce tools, spare parts, machines, and robots to replace internal organs, lengthen the senses, and lengthen defective body parts. Evolution is no longer a mutation in the body but the assembly of accessories into organs, senses, and body parts when needed. People use devices that are manufactured to be used for what people want depending on specific conditions and circumstances. Labor and behavior make objectification of people, but alienated behavior and alienated labor make humanize the object. The time to enjoy liberty, creativity, and happiness is human, and the time to perform alienated behavior and alienated labor is the time to live for the non-human. People are corrupted into slavery to standards, money. It is the process of self-torture, torturing oneself; and the nobility of standards, the wealth of money is the unhappy product of life. Humans are liberty, creative and happy subjects; alienated human beings are all helpless, unhappy, deceit. Money, standards are products of helplessness, unhappiness, lies. Standards, money remove people from life.

scholarly journals Del origen de la dietética al surgimiento de la nutrición: Consideraciones sobre los aportes científicos en el área / From the Origin of Dietetics to the Emergence of Nutrition Considerations on Scientific Contributions in the Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurimay Quintero de Rivas ◽  
Gladys Bastardo de Castaneda ◽  
Coromoto Elena Angarita Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Health And Disease

ABSTRACTNutrition and dietetics throughout history have been viewed from two fundamental aspects: as a means to restore health and as a means to prevent the disease. Since its inception the appearance of dietetics, the search was based on maintaining the balance of health and disease. Later, with the rise of the scientific revolution, as is nutrition science who focuses on the study of the different processes through which the body uses nutrients ingested. In the historical development of scientific knowledge both concepts, provided the key tools for the study of this discipline. All these important contributions, provided the fundamental basis for the development of nutrition as a scientific discipline XXI century, currently devoted to the study of many problems associated with food and modern lifestyles. Nutrition therefore rests on the discipline of scientific knowledge, is the fundamental basis for the understanding of the causes of the problems and possible solutions to search for them.RESUMENLa nutrición y dietética, a lo largo de la historia, han sido vistas desde dos vertientes fundamentales: como un medio para restablecer la salud y como un instrumento para prevenir la enfermedad. Desde sus orígenes la aparición de la dietética, se basó en la búsqueda del mantenimiento del equilibrio de la salud y enfermedad. Posteriormente con el surgir de la revolución científica, es la nutrición como ciencia, quien se centra en el estudio de los diferentes procesos a través de los cuales, el organismo utiliza los nutrientes ingeridos. En el desarrollo histórico de ambos conceptos el conocimiento científico, proporcionó las herramientas claves para el estudio de esta disciplina. Todos esos importantes aportes, sirvieron de base fundamental, para el desarrollo de la nutrición como disciplina científica del siglo XXI, actualmente dedicada al estudio de innumerables problemas derivados de la alimentación y estilos de vida modernos. La nutrición por lo tanto, apoyada sobre la disciplina del conocimiento científico, es la base fundamental para la compresión de las causas de los problemas y la posible búsqueda de las soluciones a los mismos.

scholarly journals Kryzys filozofii polityki

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Barbara Markowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Theoretical Consideration ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Leo Strauss ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Scholarly Pursuit

The purport of the article is a reflection on the operating conditions of the philosophy of politics, beginning with its crisis, as described by Leo Strauss in the early 20th century and continuing up to the latest proposals, which emerged at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. First, the author poses a question regarding the essence of this crisis; was it related to the scientific paradigm of the philosophy of politics applied hitherto or, rather, to the very subject matter of this scholarly pursuit, which is to say, to politics itself. A scientific discipline must be able to delineate its subject matter and if the latter undergoes an unexpected modification, the former suffers a crisis. Was this what happened to politics itself? What was the decisive factor which caused it to escape a theoretical consideration that ceased to be a systematic reflection, in short, ceased to be science, only to become philosophy again, whereby the author understands ‘philosophy’ as a level of reflection such as to allow itself to posit subliminal questions purely in order to set up the determinants for further thinking as to what science is, what politics is and what makes politics different from non-politics.

scholarly journals Significance of Diet and Behavior During Pandemic Situation According to Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sawarkar ◽  
Punam Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Entire Cosmos ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
And Behavior

Ayurveda is the oldest science of health care, explaining both the perspectives, i.e., prevention and cure of diseases. The fundamental principles of Ayurveda explore life’s philosophy, including the entire cosmos having five significant elements (Akash, Vayu, Agni, Jala, and Prithvi) establishing the Prakruti, i.e., a unique combination of physiological and psychological characteristics in a human being. In Ayurveda, Ahara (Diet), and Vihar (Exercise/Movements), fundamental pillars are thoroughly explained according to a specific Prakruti, which denotes personalized medicine in the present era. Diet is the essential factor that comprises the five significant elements with six rasas (Sweet, Sour, Saline, Pungent, Bitter, Astringent). Each Rasa has its specific nutritional properties helpful for the maintenance of health. Moreover, it also prevents diseases and plays a vital role in the restoration of health from disease conditions. The appropriate diet plan is essential in the pandemic situation because the digestive power (Agni) becomes hampered due to faulty lifestyle and unwholesome food habits that result in vitiation of three bio-humors (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in the body. According to Ayurveda’s basic principles, weakened digestive power is the main culprit for forming various diseases. Therefore, it is highly imperative to select a suitable diet and behavioral regimes during pandemic situations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document