scholarly journals Impacts of Unfavourable Socioeconomic Factors on School Adaptation in First-Graders

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
E.V. Kazakova ◽  
L.V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Parental Alcoholism ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk

The paper presents results of a study on the effects of unfavourable socioeconomic factors in preschool development on the features of school adaptation in children of Arkhangelsk city. The study involved 193 first-graders aged 7—8 years. A set of sixteen methods was used to describe the components of school adaptation: cognitive, emotional, emotional-behavioral, behavioral. Socioeconomic risk factors were analysed using the Social Family Passport technique. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation and stepwise discriminant analysis. The most frequent factors of socioeconomic deprivation are the following: drastic changes in the child’s life; disparity in the estimated values of the family’s living expenses; parental alcoholism and smoking; incomplete families, etc. It is shown that adverse socioeconomic factors in preschool childhood have a controversial effect on the features of school adaptation in children, but are definitely a significant risk for all of its components.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Psychological Health of First-Graders with the Biomedical Risk Factors in Early Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-99
Author(s):  
E.V. Kazakova ◽  
L.V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Health Impairments ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents data on the psychological health characteristics of the first-graders of different groups, depending on the prevalence of the number of medical and biological risk factors in early ontogeny. 193 first-graders of Arkhangelsk schools were examined with a set of sixteen techniques that allow describe the characteristics of personal health at the physiological, psychophysiological, psychological, and socio-psychological levels. Statistical analysis carried out with the methods of descriptive statistics and stepwise discriminant analysis. Data processing performed using SPSS 22.00 software package. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that with an increase in the number of biomedical risk factors of dysontogenesis in a child’s anamnesis, there is an increase in the scope of their influence on the different levels and characteristics of the psychological health of the sampled schoolchildren. First-graders of the group with the least amount of biomedical risk factors are characterized by higher characteristics of personal health. A combination of biomedical risk factors in the early periods of ontogenetic development of first-graders can lead to disadaptation processes in the physiological, psychophysiological, cognitive, emotional, regulatory, communicative, spiritual and moral spheres, various somatic health disorders and school difficulties. The number of biomedical risk factors in early ontogeny is a barometer for predicting personal health impairments, which, in turn, requires timely prevention and correction.

scholarly journals Correlation between psychological component of school adaptation and socioeconomic risk factors of early development

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Elena Valerievna Kazakova ◽  
Elizaveta Nikolaevna Sholokhova ◽  
Lyudmila Vladimirovna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Development ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
Psychological Component ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk Factors

The subject of this article is the examination of the root problems of the adverse impact of socioeconomic risk factors upon the psychological component of school adaptation of first-graders. The goal lies in establishment of correlation between the characteristics of psychological component of school adaptation of elementary school students and various socioeconomic risk factors in their early development. The research involves 284 first-graders 7-8 years of age (126 girls and 158 boys). Research methodology relies on the following materials: “House – Tree – Man” by J. Buck, “Little Houses” by A. O. Orekhova, “Faces” by N. V. Lukyanchenko, T. L. Yadryshnikov, “Ladder” by V. G. Shchur, social passport of a family. The correlation analysis reveals that the indicators of the psychological component of school adaptation, such as the level of self-esteem, emotional adaptation, depressive states, emotional background, and sense of security, are most affected by the socioeconomic risk factors of early development. The author also establishes the dependence of the characteristics of psychological component of school adaptation of first-graders on the educational background of their parents and family atmosphere. Socioeconomic risk factors in child’s life prior to school are rather related to emotional state of a child, determining the emotional well-being and success in school adaptation. Timely identification of these factors allows preventing the difficulties that may arise during the school period.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and socioeconomic factors as predictors of low birth weight in term pregnancies in Nis

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Stojanovic ◽  
Vladmila Bojanic ◽  
Dijana Musovic ◽  
Zoran Milosevic ◽  
Dusica Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Background/Aim. Low birth weight (LBW) is a result of preterm birth or intrauterine growth retardation, and in both cases is the strongest single factor associated with perinatal and neonatal mortality. It is considered that socioeconomic factors, as well as mothers bad habits, play the most significant role in the development of LBW, which explains notable number of researches focused on this particular problem. The aim of this study was to characterize socioeconomic factors, as well as smoking habits of the mothers, and their connection with LBW. Methods. The questionnaire was carried out among mothers of 2 years old children (n = 956), born after 37 gestational weeks. The characteristics of mothers who had children with LBW, defined as < 2 500 g, (n = 50), were matched with the characteristics of mothers who had children ? 2 500 g, (n = 906). For defining risk factors, and protective factors as well, we used univariant and multivariant logistic modeles. Results. As significant risk factors for LBW in an univariant model we had education level of the mothers, smoking during pregnancy, smoking before pregnancy, the number of daily cigarettes, the number of cigarettes used during pregnancy, paternal earnings and socioeconomic factors. In a multivariant model the most significant factors were socioeconomic factors, education level of the mothers, paternal earnings and mothers smoking during pregnancy. Conclusion. Smoking during pregnancy and socioeconomic factors have great influence on LBW. Future studies should be carried out in different social groups, with the intention to define their influence on LBW and reproduction, as well. This should be the proper way of adequate health breeding planning for giving up smoking, the prevention of bad habits and melioration of mothers and children health, as the most vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Violent Dissident Republican Incidents in Belfast: A Comparison of Bombings and Bomb Hoaxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Marchment ◽  
Paul Gill ◽  
John Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Spatial Influence ◽  
Very High ◽  
Terrain Modelling

Abstract Objectives To identify risk factors for bombings and bomb hoaxes committed by dissident Republicans in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Methods Risk terrain modelling (RTM) was applied to each type of incident to identify significant risk layers. Results Previous protests and riots [relative risk value (RRV) of 14.07; spatial influence (SI) of 100 m], punishment attacks (RRV 6.56; SI 300 m) and areas dense with pubs and bars (RRV 4.98; SI 200 m) were identified as risk factors for bombings. Punishment attacks (RRV 10.77; SI 100 m), police stations (RRV 8.76; SI of 200 m) and places dense with shops (RRV 6.94; SI 400 m) were identified as risk factors for bomb hoaxes. Descriptive statistics regarding predictive accuracy concluded that half of incidents for both types occurred in high or very high risk cells in a 3-year post-study period. Conclusions RTM could be a useful tool in guiding targeted responses to the dissident Republican threat in Belfast. The results suggest that there is some assessment of risk by the offenders, and that they are selecting targets rationally. Due to the differences in risk factors for the two types of events it can be proposed that there may be differences between targets relevant to ideology and realistic targets with increased chance of success.

Peritonitis among CAPD Patients: Host, Agent and/or Environment?

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ruth Stegman ◽  
Ann M. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Infectious Disease Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

At the Omaha Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA the authors used the classic epidemiological model based on the interaction between host, agent and environment, and a historical-prospective design to study the risk factors for peritonitis among all continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Data were abstracted from the medical records of the patients and from questionnaires completed by the nurses who had cared for the entire population since the inception of CAPD at this hospital. Using the Cox proportional hazard regression model, they analyzed variables considered to be associated with the host, agent and environment. This survival analysis demonstrated that, when other host, agent and environmental factors are controlled, age (younger patients), low patient motivation and minimal social support are significant risk factors for peritonitis. The literature suggests that the study of and the attempts to control peritonitis among continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients has not considered the host, agent and environment as a unit, but rather have centered on one element at a time. Most investigators focus upon the host as the contributing factor (1–4) and view the infectious agent as ubiquitous (5, 6). Others consider as primary the social and/or psychological environment of the host (7–9). None have undertaken an investigation which has studied all three aspects of the infectious disease model so that risk can be estimated while controlling for confounding factors.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 006
Author(s):  
Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽  
Kaan Ozcan ◽  
Murat Erturk ◽  
Fatih İslamoglu ◽  
İsa Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Factors Associated

<strong>Objective:</strong> We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group <br />(C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while <br />26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P &lt; .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.<br /><br />

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Tehsil Batkhela District Malakand, KPK, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20251-20256
Author(s):  
Mudassir Khan ◽  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Shohra Haider ◽  
Fazal Jalil ◽  
Muhsin Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Common Symptom

Background: Prevalence of Hepatitis C viral infection and its major risk factors has been found out in population of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by taking number of volunteers from the interested area. HCV prevalence has not been researched in recent time here in this area, so that’s why we contributed. Materials and Methods: Ab rapid test cassette serum/plasma (USA) kit has been used for the mentioned purpose following by ELISA and finally PCR to find out active infection of virus. ICT positive individuals were reconfirmed by ELISA and then ELISA positive samples were carefully investigated by RT-PCR for Hepatitis C Virus. Results: The study population was of 770 volunteers belonging to the mentioned area of research, 453 males and 317 females. The overall prevalence was found to be 5.32% of HCV in Batkhela. This prevalence ratio was 3.12% in males and 2.20 % in females. 3rd generation ELISA was used to refine ICT positive samples which showed that 37 of the ICT positive samples had antibodies detected by ELISA. To find out active HCV infection, ELISA positive samples were refined by real time PCR which showed 2.98% of prevalence of active HCV infection in Batkhela based on HCV RNA in their blood. Principle Conclusion: Overall prevalence was found 5.32%, contaminated reused syringes and blades at Barbour’s shop, blood transfusion, surgical operations and unhygienic food in stalls etc were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. Body weakness and pale yellow skin color was common symptom in HCV positive volunteers. Safe sexual activities, blood screening before donation and sterilizing surgical equipment’s can protect us from Hepatitis C Virus.

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