scholarly journals Psychological Determinants of Young People's Attitudes towards Extremist Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
A.S. Kuznetsova ◽  
A.V. Khavylo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Big Five ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Volitional Control ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
People’S Attitudes

The article is dedicated to the study of psychological determinants of young people's intolerant behavior towards individuals of other cultures and ethnic groups as a prerequisite to one's inclination to extremist activity. Theoretical analysis revealed that a tendency towards extremist activity is formed from cognitive and behavioral manifestations such as low awareness of the problem of extremism, rejection of other values and cultures, negative attitudes towards other ethnic groups and difficulties in determining legitimacy of one's actions. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of young people from Kaluga aged 18-25. The Volitional Control Questionnaire, the Big Five Personality Inventory and a specially developed questionnaire have been used. It has been established that a large part of the youth is informed about the manifestations of extremism but isn't fully aware of the severity of such crimes. A link between behavioral and cognitive manifestations related to extremism with certain personality determinants such as high sensitivity, inadequate self-assessment, insufficient maturity of outlook-related attitudes, lack of goodwill and rigidity of opinions is demonstrated.

scholarly journals The Role of Education and Knowledge about Aging in Creating Young People’s Attitudes to the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Goriup ◽  
Danijela Lahe
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Intergenerational Cooperation

AbstractIntroduction: With the intensive growth in the number of older people and prolonged life span in the contemporary postmodern society, it has become increasingly important to build positive intergenerational cooperation and promote education on aging and older people, especially between younger and older generations. That is why the authors, on the basis of empirical research and scientific literature, examined knowledge about aging among young people and the connection between knowledge about aging and the formation of negative attitudes towards older people.Methods: The study involved 609 secondary school students aged 15 to 19 years.Results: The survey results showed that only one-fifth of the young population has good knowledge about aging. The relationship between knowledge about aging and ageism is negative, which means that young people with less knowledge about aging often have a negative attitude towards older people.Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, the authors underline the importance of integrating gerontology content in all stages of education.

scholarly journals THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S HOMOPHOBIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Halyna Sviderska ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Hnap ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The One ◽  
Biased Perception

Despite all the positive changes due to European integration processes, the problem of prejudiced and negative attitudes towards people with “non-traditional sexual orientation” in Ukraine traditionally remains unresolved, homosexuality is taboo and it is “sinful”, and homophobic attitudes are often perceived as “truly moral” Christian virtues. The empirical study on psychological characteristics of the development and manifestation of young people’s homophobia performed by us has demonstrated existing contradictions in young people’s attitudes to homosexuality. On the one hand, young men and women belong to a fairly progressive, quite tolerant part of society. On the other hand, our data have revealed homophobic behaviour often manifested by young people. Many young people showed homo-negativism - denial and negative attitude towards certain aspects of homosexuality. Thus, very many young men and women believed that homosexuality was dangerous, since it could cause a “possible demographic crisis”, “spread of diseases”, “dissolution of the family as a social institution” and “harmful effects on a future generation’s psyche”. Many young people were convinced that an obviously demonstrated homosexual lifestyle increased the number of people with a non-traditional orientation, therefore gay pride parades, same-sex marriages, and adoption of children by homosexuals should be banned. Negative ideas about homosexual people and prejudice against them were formed not because young people’s own experience, since they practically did not know homosexuals, but due to stereotypical thinking, non-professional publications in the media and due to the lack of proper education in the field of gender psychology. In our opinion, homonegativism and homophobia shared by young people exist because of inadequate, not scientifically proven information about homosexual people, biased perception of sexual minorities based on shocking images of entertainers, film characters etc. We believe that overcoming homonegativism and homophobia is possible through the refutation of myths, stereotypes and prejudices regarding various aspects of human sexuality with psychological education and through an adequate state policy that should not contribute to anti-homosexual xenophobic attitudes.

scholarly journals Importanța factorului autoactualizare în optimizarea comportamentului la adultul emergent

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Violeta Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Self Actualization

Premise. According to research, Self-actualization, as conceptualized by Maslow and taken over by the creators of the Big Five Personality model, has strong links with psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Facet descriptors are also a valuable guide for developing a personal development program for young people in the NEET category. In the doctoral research we proposed a behavioral optimization program by developing personality suppressors from the Big Five model, as they were conceptualized and described in the ABCD-M Questionnaire [5]. In this article we present the results obtained for the Selfactualization and its facets. Method. The longitudinal study involved 24 young people, aged between 23 and 26, belonging to the NEET category. Results. Following the participation in the psychological intervention program for the optimization of the behavior, the young people registered significant increases of the Self-actualization Surface and its facets, except for the Deepening.

scholarly journals A Cultural Comparison of the Facial Inference Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Swiney ◽  
Anthony J. Stahelski
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expression between American and Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to correctly identify the emotion and make inferences from pictures of three different facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of a) condensed sets of the Big Five personality traits, b) the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM), ands) various social perceptions. Smiling facial expressions were hypothesized to be inferred as happy and to have the following positive inferences in both cultures: attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, and pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded a “Halo Effect.” Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientiously a “Horns Effect.” Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm anin-between effect. Generally, results showed that both cultures attributed the hypothesized emotional and trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions.

Further Validity of the Japanese Version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Oshio ◽  
Shingo Abe ◽  
Pino Cutrone ◽  
Samuel D. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Big Five Personality

The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003 ) is a widely used very brief measure of the Big Five personality dimensions. Oshio, Abe, and Cutrone (2012) have developed a Japanese version of the TIPI (TIPI-J), which demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Until now, all studies examining the validity of the TIPI-J have been conducted in the Japanese language; this reliance on a single language raises concerns about the instrument’s content validity because the instrument could demonstrate reliability (e.g., retest) and some forms of validity (e.g., convergent) but still not capture the full range of the dimensions as originally conceptualized in English. Therefore, to test the content validity of the Japanese TIPI with respect to the original Big Five formulation, we examine the convergence between scores on the TIPI-J and scores on the English-language Big Five Inventory (i.e., the BFI-E), an instrument specifically designed to optimize Big Five content coverage. Two-hundred and twenty-eight Japanese undergraduate students, who were all learning English, completed the two instruments. The results of correlation analyses and structural equation modeling demonstrate the theorized congruence between the TIPI-J and the BFI-E, supporting the content validity of the TIPI-J.

Intelligence and Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Marc-André Bédard ◽  
Yann Le Corff
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Nonverbal Intelligence ◽  
French Canadian

Abstract. This replication and extension of DeYoung, Quilty, Peterson, and Gray’s (2014) study aimed to assess the unique variance of each of the 10 aspects of the Big Five personality traits ( DeYoung, Quilty, & Peterson, 2007 ) associated with intelligence and its dimensions. Personality aspects and intelligence were assessed in a sample of French-Canadian adults from real-life assessment settings ( n = 213). Results showed that the Intellect aspect was independently associated with g, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence while its counterpart Openness was independently related to verbal intelligence only, thus replicating the results of the original study. Independent associations were also found between Withdrawal, Industriousness and Assertiveness aspects and verbal intelligence, as well as between Withdrawal and Politeness aspects and nonverbal intelligence. Possible explanations for these associations are discussed.

Using Principal Component Scores to Enhance the Validity and Reliability of Big Five Personality Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Cucina ◽  
Nicholas L. Vasilopoulos ◽  
Arwen H. DeCostanza
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Big Five Factors ◽  
Component Scores

Abstract. Varimax rotated principal component scores (VRPCS) have previously been offered as a possible solution to the non-orthogonality of scores for the Big Five factors. However, few researchers have examined the reliability and validity of VRPCS. To address this gap, we use a lab study and a field study to investigate whether using VRPCS increase orthogonality, reliability, and criterion-related validity. Compared to the traditional unit-weighting scoring method, the use of VRPCS enhanced the reliability and discriminant validity of the Big Five factors, although there was little improvement in criterion-related validity. Results are discussed in terms of the benefit of using VRPCS instead of traditional unit-weighted sum scores.

How Do People Share Their Positive Events?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Palmer ◽  
Meagan A. Ramsey ◽  
Jennifer N. Morey ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Sharing Patterns ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. Research suggests that sharing positive events with others is beneficial for well-being, yet little is known about how positive events are shared with others and who is most likely to share their positive events. The current study expanded on previous research by investigating how positive events are shared and individual differences in how people share these events. Participants (N = 251) reported on their likelihood to share positive events in three ways: capitalizing (sharing with close others), bragging (sharing with someone who may become jealous or upset), and mass-sharing (sharing with many people at once using communication technology) across a range of positive scenarios. Using cluster analysis, five meaningful profiles of sharing patterns emerged. These profiles were associated with gender, Big Five personality traits, narcissism, and empathy. Individuals who tended to brag when they shared their positive events were more likely to be men, reported less agreeableness, less conscientiousness, and less empathy, whereas those who tended to brag and mass-share reported the highest levels of narcissism. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for the growing body of research on sharing positive events.

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

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