scholarly journals Evolution and Review of Modern Eastern Vernacular Buildings

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Tian Hu, Wenbin Gong

This paper divided the evolution of modern Chinese vernacular architecture (1949–2010) into 3 stages: early exploration, confine and confusion, and modern development, by taking time line as the clue, vernacular characteristics of modern architecture in Xi’an during different phases as the support, and combining literature research and field investigation. On this basis, it reviewed historical background, relevant context and typical features of modern vernacular architecture in Xi’an during different phases, and further concluded the evolution laws and research level of modern Chinese vernacular architecture.

Author(s):  
Maryam Khatibi

The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country. 


This handbook presents a broad sampling of current historical scholarship on Shakespeare’s period that it is hoped will prove useful to scholars of his poems and plays. Rather than attempting to summarize the historical ‘background’ to Shakespeare, individual chapters explore numerous topics and methodologies at the forefront of current historical research. An initial cluster shows how political history has expanded beyond a traditional focus on relations between Crown and Parliament to encompass attention to attempts by the government to manage opinion; military challenges; problems in subduing Ireland and mediating relations between the British kingdoms; and the interplay between national affairs and local factions and concerns. Additional chapters deal with relationships between intellectual culture and political imagination, with detailed attention to varieties of early modern historical thought and the emergence of a ‘public sphere’. Other contributors examine facets of religious and social history, including scriptural translation, concepts of the devil, cultural attitudes concerning honour, shame and emotion, and life in London. A final section deals with vernacular architecture, Renaissance gardens, visual culture and theatrical music.


2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Šiožinytė ◽  
Jurgita Antuchevičienė

Seeking for saving traditional forms, sizes, proportions and other features of vernacular architecture and satisfying norms for a contemporary building sometimes is not an easy task. The presented case study about indoor daylighting in Lithuanian vernacular architecture shows the existing problem. The authors of the article suggest possible variants of how to improve daylighting in vernacular buildings. The aim of the conducted research is to propose a rational solution to the problem using multiple criteria assessment. Alternative variants can be characterized by a number of quantitative and qualitative criteria. Thus, for ranking alternatives and achieving the most rational solution, the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate the relative importance of criteria as well as the application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are put forward. The case study presents possible alternatives for improving daylighting in the reconstructed building and simultaneously analyses the process of saving the features of vernacular architecture applying the AHP for weighting criteria and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) for ranking alternative solutions. It is estimated that the utility degree of the best ranked alternative exceeds the further ranked alternatives from 29 to 49 percent.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 2019-2024
Author(s):  
Tong Yu

Under the historical background of global low-carbon economy, the ideology of green hotel management arises and green hotel becomes the inexorable trend of hotel industry. Through field investigation and literature analysis, this paper found the problems existing in the China green hotel.Such as,the construction and transformation cost of green hotel is higher;Our country’s hotel industries is lack experience in green hotel management; the consumption idea and patterns of Chinese people need to change.Finally, the study put forward the strategy of the create green hotel. The newly-built hotels should build up green hotels from the planning and design;The hotel that has been built should strengthen energy-saving technological remolding;To build up low carbon system;Following the rule of conserving;Guiding consumers to establish low carbon environmental protection consciousness.


Morocco faces enormous climatic constraints. A large part of the national territory has a hot and dry climate, hence the importance of the climate aspect in the choice of an energy saving strategy. The use of reinterpreted, decontextualized, totally or partially vernacular architectural techniques and/or forms is visible at different levels in the Maghreb countries. The large-scale integration of this aspect seems to be ignored by the designers. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the building orientation and vernacular architecture towards the occupant comfort, in order to meet its energy and comfort needs at a lower cost on one hand, and on the other hand, to design more efficient collective buildings from a thermal and energy point of view. The proposed methodology allows examining the thermal performances of a traditional building under the climatic conditions of the city of Rissani in order to naturally control comfort summer and winter, in addition to ensure a good thermal comfort without using any heating or cooling system. Finally, the simulations carried out lead to the identification of the optimal orientation that demonstrates an effective reduction in indoor temperatures and a decrease in the large daily fluctuations in these temperatures. The research focuses on the influence of the orientation of a building's facades in relation to the solar radiation and on providing the necessary thermal comfort.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Mengbi Li ◽  
Hing-Wah Chau ◽  
Lu Aye

As a newly formed concept, “Biophilic design” is attracting a growing attention among both practitioners and academics. However, the link between biophilic design and vernacular architecture has yet to be thoroughly explored, especially in the context of China, which is the gap this article aims to fill. Investigating the vernacular architecture of the Naxi, this research found that biophilic design attributes and features existed in vernacular buildings and settlements. A matrix framework was developed to facilitate the in-depth investigation of the interrelated elements of the Naxi such as local climate, topography, culture, their belief system, conventions, arts and literature. Among other results, we found that the local culture was influenced by animism and distinct cosmic models. Also, the buildings were constructed using the traditional ways of material preparation and conventions of occupancy. This research serves as an important springboard to bridge between studies in biophilic design and studies in vernacular architecture and settlements.


Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
Z. Xing ◽  
L. Miao ◽  
S. Liu

Abstract. Located in the northeastern part of China, the stretch of land named Liaoning is a region historically characterised by the convergence of multiple ethnicities and cultures. It used to be the northeastern boundary of central China with an array of military cities and fortresses intensively built for military defence. Unlike palaces and gentry residences, vernacular residences and urban tissue existing widely in historical towns are excluded in the national protection schedule and have thus experienced different levels of damages. They feature a paradox that the general city form is well preserved whilst architectural forms are changed to a large extent. Most vernacular buildings have endured centennial baptisms, as evidenced by their architectural layouts, structures, roofing, walls, decorations etc. As most historical Chinese cities are not renowned tourist destinations, they are faced with various threats and are on the verge of extinction. The threats include the departure of young residents, decay of historical architecture, insufficient financial and technical support for architectural renovation, improper modifications by residents and demolition of entire historical neighbourhoods. Such threats are widespread in Chinese historical cities which are struggling to survive. Prior to the implementation of professional interventions, the urban forms and vernacular architecture of such historical cities should be studied. Through on-site investigation and query of historical data, especially the historical satellite city maps of U.S. Geological Survey, this study analyses the current life conditions in the context of traditional architecture, reveals problems in the use of historical architecture, identifies potential threats and summarises the underlying reasons. Suggestions benefitting local architectural conservation are then put forward.


Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-303
Author(s):  
Dian Li

Abstract There is a bold suggestion that Bei Dao's translatability is symptomatic of the fact that his poetry is a "World Poetry" and thus lacks grounding in China's history. Now that Bei Dao's reputation in the West has been on the rise and his works continue to be translated in many Western languages, it is time to treat the lingering questions regarding Bei Dao's translatability seriously and to conceptualize it in the context of modern Chinese poetry, which is , in a large sense, a history of rejuvenation through the translation of Western poetry. The immediate origin of the poet's translatability resides, the paper suggests, in a literary language called the "translation style" in the late 1960s, which served as a protest against the language of authority in Mao's China. Against this historical background, the paper problematizes the use of translatability as a way of reading and critiquing Bei Dao's poetry. The translation of poetry, after all, is a form of idealized interpretation, much limited by information available to the translator. When one says Bei Dao's poetry translates well into English, it is precisely because it has been translated with all its gaps, errors, and ambiguities, all of which are abundant in Bei Dao's English texts. Résumé Certains ont suggéré que la traductibilité de Bei Dao s'explique par le fait que sa poésie est une "poésie universelle" qui ne puise pas ses racines dans l'histoire de la Chine. Aujourd'hui, la réputation de Bei Dao se confirme dans le monde occidental et ses ouvrages y sont traduits dans plusieurs langues occidentales. Il est donc grand temps d'aborder avec sérieux les questions restées en suspens quant à sa traductibilité et de conceptualiser celle-ci dans le contexte de la poésie chinoise contemporaine, qui, à plusieurs égards, est l'histoire d'un rajeunissement opéré par le biais de la poésie occidentale traduite. Dans son article, l'auteur suggère que la traductibilité du poète réside en premier lieu dans le langage littéraire que l'on appellait vers la fin des années soixante "le style traduction", un style utilisé en guise de protestation contre le langage de l'autorité propre à la Chine de Mao. C'est sur cette toile de fond que l'auteur analyse l'utilisation de la traductibilité comme moyen d'aborder et de critiquer la poésie de Bei Dao. En somme, la traduction de la poésie est une forme d'interprétation idéalisée, très limitée par les informations accessibles au traducteur. Si la poésie de Bei Dao se traduit aisément en anglais, c'est précisément parce qu'elle a été traduite avec toutes les lacunes, erreurs et ambiguïtés qui abondent dans les textes du poète chinois.


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Christina Priavolou ◽  
Nikiforos Tsiouris ◽  
Vasilis Niaros ◽  
Vasilis Kostakis

The starting point of this article is the critique on socioeconomic and environmental implications of conventional construction practices around sustainability. The focus is on exploring the sustainability dynamics of the emerging “Design Global, Manufacture Local” (DGML) configuration with emphasis on building construction. Combined with the concept of conviviality which we identify in aspects of vernacular architecture we explore how it can foster meaningful sustainability practices in the construction sector. We introduce a framework of “open construction systems”, an expression of DGML in building construction, as a way to foster the conjunctive use of the digital commons and local manufacturing technologies for the construction of buildings through three interlocked elements—modularity, sharing and adaptability. We suggest that the “open construction systems” framework may point towards more sustainability in building construction.


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