Lower airways and lungs affection in coronavirus infection covid-19 among children and adults: similarities and differences (review of literature)

The review presents the data of actual publications for 2019-2020 regarding the course of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children and adults. The features of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causes of its tropism to human respiratory system are discussed. The questions of clinical and roentgenological manifestations of lung affection in COVID-19 among children and adults are described in details. The adult COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection: elevation of temperature ( 90 %), cough (dry or with small amount of sputum) in 80% of cases, dyspnea (55 %), fatigability (44 %), sense of stiffness in chest ( 20 %). The most severe dyspnea is being developed by the days 68 from the moment of falling ill. Separately, the peculiar features of computed tomography of the lungs in children and adults with COVID-19 are discussed. The typical signs for CT-picture of the lungs in children with COVID-19 infection and pneumonia are bilateral affection, infiltration with a typical surrounding aureole the sign of halo, the symptom of opal glass with predominantly peripheral localization and often in combination with elevated procalcitonin level. The cases of pneumonias in newborns and children of the first year of life with COVID-19 infection are considered in the paper. A clinical case with roentgenograms of thoracic organs and results of computed tomography accompanying is presented as an illustration. The high-risk groups of complicated COVID-19 course can include children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, patients with immune deficiencies, hemodynamically significant heart failures and chronic renal disease.

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Differential Diagnosis of Lungs Lesions in a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 and Diseases of Non-Viral Etiology on the Clinical Cases by Computed Tomography Scans in Outpatient CT Centers

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn1429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5S) ◽

pp. 395-405

Author(s):

Mikhail N. Lobanov ◽

Oleg Y. Bronov ◽

Yuliya A. Abovich ◽

Nataliya V. Ledikhova ◽

Elena V. Turavilova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Viral Pneumonia ◽

Viral Etiology ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Leading Role ◽

Radiological Data ◽

Lung Injuries ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Clinical Cases

New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) viral pneumonia diagnosed by a complex assessment of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory tests. Radiologists often play a leading role in diagnosis of viral pneumonia, since they may encounter suspicious changes according to radiological studies before clinicians. However, in a number of diseases, including diseases of non-infectious non-viral etiology with a corresponding similar clinical symptoms, it may be difficult to correctly assess the changes detected by computed tomography. This study uses clinical cases to show the main differential diagnostic criteria for COVID-19 viral pneumonia and non-infectious lesions such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute hypersensitive pneumonitis, drug-induced pneumonitis, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and adenocarcinoma. All patients were hospitalized based on the results of computed tomography, where a diagnosis of non-infectious non-viral lung injuries was established based on morphological and/or typical clinical symptoms, laboratory or radiological data. We examined clinical cases with radiological signs similar to viral pneumonia, such as areas of ground glass opacities with the presence or absence of areas of consolidation, as well as thickening of the lung interstitium with decreased lung attenuation (crazy paving symptom). In a difficult epidemiological situation, it is important for a radiologist to suspect the above-mentioned pathological conditions in patients who are urgently admitted to outpatient CT centers.

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Recommendations for endoscopy and clinical practice in gastroenterology

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-177-5-4-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 174 (5) ◽

pp. 4-7

Author(s):

G. V. Belova

Keyword(s):

Severe Form ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽

And Gender ◽

The Moment ◽

High Degree

According to domestic and foreign literature, COVID-19 (short for COronaVIrus Disease 2019), previously coronavirus infection 2019-nCoV is a potentially severe acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It is a dangerous disease that can occur both in the form of an acute respiratory viral infection of a mild course and in a severe form, specifi c complications of which may include viral pneumonia, which entails acute respiratory distress syndrome or respiratory failure with the risk of death The most common symptoms of the disease include fever, fatigue, and dry cough. The virus spreads by airborne droplets through inhalation of droplets of the virus sprayed in the air during coughing or sneezing, as well as through the spread of the virus on the surface and then into the eyes, nose or mouth. The disease is caused by a new virus, to which there is no acquired immunity, and susceptibility does not depend on age and gender diff erences. All this creates a high degree of risk of infection for both medical professionals and patients in visiting medical institutions. The risk of infection is especially high during any interventional manipulations and operations related to the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract. Such interventions are primarily endoscopic. The situation is aggravated by the fact that at the moment there are no Sanitary and epidemiological regulations on prevention of COVID-19. At present, hospitals are guided in their work by the orders and instructions of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor). The usual anti-epidemic measures require adjustment in the new conditions. First of all to introduce zoning in hospitals, especially in endoscopic departments, to collect an epidemiological history before endoscopy, and audio monitoring in the further management of patience. It is extremely important to create relevant guidelines on the prevention of coronavirus infection using novel experience and scientifi c information including the existing orders and regulations of the healthcare system.

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The multispiral computed tomography in the early diagnosis of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-561-568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 561-568

Author(s):

P. M. Kotlyarov ◽

N. I. Sergeev ◽

V. A. Solodkiy ◽

D. G. Soldatov

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Multislice Computed Tomography ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Lung Damage ◽

High Confidence ◽

Chest Computed Tomography ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Different Response ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities

The high informative value of chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 is generally recognized, but there is no enough data on the diagnostic capabilities of this method within 5 first days of the clinical manifestations of the disease. The paper presents the results of chest multispiral (multislice) computed tomography (MSCT) of 56 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the early days of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the semiotics of pathological changes in the lungs in the first days of the onset of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and to clarify the methodology for conducting MSCT. Methods. The data of chest MSCT of 56 patients with clinical symptoms of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. MSCT was carried out in the first 4 – 5 days of the disease. Results. Five variants for the development of the disease were revealed, including atypical, characterized by the prevalence and CT semiotics of lung damage and apparently due to the different response of the patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The leading signs of COVID-19 pneumonia in the early stages of the disease were foci of ground glass opacification (GGO), multifocal lesions of the lungs, edema of the interalveolar pulmonary interstitium, which distinguishes it from pneumonia of another etiology. Conclusion. Comparison of MSCT data and the clinical picture of the disease during the first 5 days suggests with high confidence the pneumonia associated with COVID-19. A prerequisite for conducting MSCT in case of suspicion of this type of pneumonia is the implementation of thin 0.5 – 1.5 mm sections, MSCT performance at suspended full inspiration, post-processing of unenhanced tomogram data in MinIP mode.

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PROGRESSIVE ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERAL ISCHEMIC EVENTS IN ANAMNESIS

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-9-113-119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Parkhomenko O.M. ◽

Lozhkina N.G.

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Syntax Score ◽

One Year ◽

The Moment ◽

Microsoft Office ◽

Ischemic Events

Вackground. Progressive atherosclerosis is accompanied by unfavorable clinical outcomes; study and understanding of this process is necessary to identify the appropriate risk groups. Purpose of the study to study the dynamics of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries in patients with several ischemic events in history. Patient Characterization and Research Methods. The present subanalysis included 51 patients with recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) out of the initially included 100 patients with index MI. All 100 patients had a history of two or more ischemic coronary or cerebral events, which corresponds to the clinical signs of progressive atherosclerosis. The dynamics of the degree of coronary stenosis from the moment of index MI to repeated MI was assessed according to the data of selective coronary angiography. The statistical program Microsoft Office Excel 2019 was used. Results. All patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (51 people) had signs of progression of coronary artery stenosis: "mild" progression - 82.3%, "moderate" and "severe" - 15.6% and 2.1%, respectively. SYNTAX Score> 22.5 points was a predictor of one-year adverse outcomes: OR 6.349, CI (2.548-15.823). The results obtained make it possible to distinguish a group of patients with accelerated atherosclerosis syndrome in order to stratify the risk and optimally manage this complex category of patients.

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Asymptomatic Presentation of Aggressive Ossifying Fibroma:A Case Report

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2011/523751 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roopashri Rajesh Kashyap ◽

Gopakumar R. Nair ◽

Subhas Babu Gogineni

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Case Report ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Neck Region ◽

Ethmoid Sinus ◽

Ossifying Fibroma ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Aggressive Form ◽

Aggressive Tumors

Ossifying fibromas form a part of the spectrum of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. They are rare, benign, nonaggressive tumors that are commonly seen in head and neck region. This paper presents the case of a 40-year-old female patient presented with minimal clinical symptoms, diagnosed to be suffering from aggressive form of ossifying fibroma of maxilla involving the maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinus. This paper emphasizes the importance of computed tomography in diagnosing such unapparent aggressive tumors.

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Rare incidence of non-secretory myeloma with talaromycosis: a case report

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06641-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haiting Qin ◽

Ye Qiu ◽

Yanmei Huang ◽

Mianluan Pan ◽

Dong Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Subcutaneous Nodules ◽

Lung Lymph

Abstract Background Talaromyces marneffei (TM) primarily infects patients with co-morbidities that cause immunodeficiency, but non-secretory myeloma (NSMM) is rare. TSM and NSMM are associated with fever, osteolysis, and swollen lymph nodes, thereby making it difficult for clinicians to make differential diagnosis. In this case, we describe TM infection coexisting with NSMM. Case presentation We retrospectively reviewed the case of a male (without human immunodeficiency virus infection) with fever, thoracalgia, swollen lymph nodes, and subcutaneous nodules who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in February 2014. Chest computed tomography revealed patchy infiltration and positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed increased metabolic activity in the lower-right lung, lymph nodes, left ninth rib, and right ilium. Pathological examination of the lung, lymph nodes, subcutaneous nodules, and bone marrow showed no malignancy, he was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. His clinical symptoms did not improve after anti-bacterial, anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and anti-non-M. tuberculosis treatment. Later, etiological culture and pathological examination of the subcutaneous nodule proved TM infection, and the patient was re-diagnosed with disseminated TSM, which involved the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, bone, and subcutaneous tissue. After antifungal treatment, the patient showed significant improvement, except for the pain in his bones. Imaging showed aggravated osteolysis, and bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry indicated NSMM. Thus, we conclusively diagnosed the case as NSMM with TSM (involving the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and subcutaneous tissue). His condition improved after chemotherapy, and he was symptom-free for 7 years. Conclusion TM infection is rare in individual with NSMM. Since they have clinical manifestation in common, easily causing misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, multiple pathological examinations and tissue cultures are essential to provide a differential diagnosis.

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Complications due to Biliary Stent Deviation

Austin Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.26420/austinjgastroenterol.2021.1112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kinoshita Kumar ◽

◽

Fukuchi S ◽

Murakami K ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Acute Cholangitis ◽

Biliary Stent ◽

Plastic Stents ◽

Duodenal Perforation ◽

Early Complications ◽

Biliary Stents ◽

Uterine Appendage

We often encounter complications from biliary stents used as a treatment for obstructive jaundice and acute cholangitis. Early complications after stent placement include pancreatitis, bleeding, and duodenal perforation [1]. Stent deviation is also a complication. This is particularly prominent for plastic stents, where stent deviation is observed in 6-18.7 % of cases [2]. Stent deviation is more common among patients who have undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy (Figure 1). Most deviated biliary plastic stents are excreted in stool or collected endoscopically, but, very rarely, complications causing gastrointestinal perforation have been reported. We have described deviated biliary plastic stents causing sigmoid colon diverticulum perforation and even uterine appendage penetration (Figure 2). Diagnosis can be made from clinical symptoms and abdominal computed tomography. Treatment is basically surgery. Biliary stent-related complications are inevitable, and sometimes become serious. On suspicion of such complications, the most important issue is to accurately and rapidly diagnose complications and conduct appropriate management.

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Rehabilitation Route for a Child with Cerebral Palsy: the Experience of Chuvashia

Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation ◽

10.36425/rehab46598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Svetlana K. Yakovleva ◽

Vera E. Andreeva ◽

Elena V. Preobrazhenskaya ◽

Roza V. Petrova ◽

Oksana I. Milova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Conservative Treatment ◽

Medical Care ◽

Risk Groups ◽

High Tech ◽

Highly Qualified ◽

Gait Quality ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Chuvash Republic ◽

The Moment

The most common cause of neurological disability in childhood is cerebral palsy. The objectives of the treatment of children with cerebral palsy are the acquisition and maintenance of new motor skills; prevention of the development of contractures and other secondary orthopedic complications; decrease in the level of pain; improving the level of childcare. At the same time, the provision of treatment and rehabilitation assistance to children with cerebral palsy requires an integrated, systematic approach. The article describes the route of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy in the Chuvash Republic from the moment of diagnosis until reaching the age of 18. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of data from the regional register of children with cerebral palsy at all stages of treatment and rehabilitation (habilitation). The first stage includes the identification of risk groups for cerebral palsy, conservative, surgical specialized medical care. The register of children with cerebral palsy made it possible to keep records of patients at the stages of treatment and rehabilitation with an assessment of the results. At the second stage, high-tech conservative and surgical treatment is carried out. After operations, patients are sent for rehabilitation to a 24-hour hospital or to a Rehabilitation Center for Children (over 3 years, 1.5 thousand children were treated, 25.7% after operations). The third stage is organized at the outpatient clinic level and in specialized sanatoriums. For 20142018 the coverage of children with cerebral palsy with conservative treatment increased 1.9 times, with botulinum therapy 2.6 times, the proportion of those who received surgery decreased to 22.4%. 92.7% of patients of the Register are covered by conservative treatment. 33.3% of operated children were referred for sanatorium-resort treatment. The control section of the rehabilitation results showed an increase in the proportion of children with improved gait quality, the ability to stand independently, walk (with support), and an increase in the average level of physical activity. A multi-level system of interagency interaction in the provision of treatment and rehabilitation assistance to children with cerebral palsy in Chuvash Republic made it possible to ensure a sufficient amount of basic and availability of highly qualified medical care, effective management and control of the stages of rehabilitation.

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Edukasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Preventif Penyakit Hepatitis B dan C pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan

AKSIOLOGIYA Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.30651/aks.v4i1.2164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Patricia Gita Naully ◽

Perdina Nursidika

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Health Services ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Modes Of Transmission ◽

Lecture Method ◽

The Government

ABSTRAK Hepatitis B dan C dianggap paling berbahaya diantara jenis hepatitis yang lain karena keduanya dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit kronik, sering tanpa gejala, dan menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu upaya yang disarankan oleh WHO untuk mencegah peningkatan angka Hepatitis B dan C adalah melakukan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, khususnya kelompok beresiko tinggi seperi Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP). Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP terkait penyebab, gejala, cara penularan, pencegahan, dan layanan kesehatan yang disediakan oleh pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang WBP. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis hasil kuesioner dan nilai tes para peserta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa mayoritas WBP melakukan tindakan beresiko tinggi karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan informasi, namun setelah mendapatkan materi penyuluhan terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai tes pada seluruh peserta. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP di Lapas Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung terkait penyebab, gejala klinis, cara penularan, pencegahan, serta beberapa layanan kesehatan pemerintah untuk mencegah, mendiagnosa, serta mengobati penyakit Hepatitis B dan C.Kata Kunci: hepatitis B; hepatitis C; penyuluhan; lembaga pemasyarakatanABSTRACTHepatitis B and C are considered as the most dangerous hepatitis types compared to the other, because both can develop into chronic diseases, asymptomatic, and cause death. One of the methods suggested by WHO to prevent an increase of Hepatitis B and C numbers is to conduct health education activities for the community, especially for the high-risk groups such as prisoners (WBP). Therefore, the aim of this extension activity was to upgrade the WBP's knowledge regarding the disease causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and health services provided by the government. This activity was conducted in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA, with 30 WBP participants. The extention was done by the lecture method. Then, the activity evaluation was done by analyzing of questionnaire results and participants' test-scores. Besides, the analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The evaluation result proved that the majority of WBP taking the high-risk action due to the limited of knowledge and information, but there was a test-score increase for all participants after obtaining counseling materials. This activity was successful to improve the WBP's knowledge in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA related to the causes, clinical symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention, and also some government health services to prevent, diagnose, and treat the Hepatitis B and C.Keywords : extension; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; prison.

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