scholarly journals Development of the composition and technology of effervescent tablets for the prevention of cerebral circulation disorders in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Listov ◽  
Roman A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Experimental Drug ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Increasing the level of antioxidants in the human body plays an important role in increasing longevity. Studies on small laboratory animals showed that in the main group with an increased content of antioxidant enzymes, life expectancy was 20% higher than in the comparison group with age and heart diseases. Thus, the hypothesis is confirmed that a high content of active free radical molecules causes aging and the data obtained on small laboratory animals will increase the human lifespan. This fact is associated with the occurrence of heart and oncological diseases, as well as other age-related pathologies. In order to prevent the development of the above diseases, a drug was developed with an innovative composition of complex-compatible components. The experimental drug contains substances with an increased content of antioxidants for the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents, such as dihydroquercetin and black grape extract. And also vitamins and amino acids: succinic acid, ascorbic acid, glycine. The choice of the composition of the experimental drug was carried out on the basis of the antioxidant properties of these groups of substances, which are widely known, and their combined use will become a potentiated synergy of the selected components and complement their effect. Due to the fact that the classical technology for the production of effervescent dosage forms does not allow combining the components of the composition of the experimental drug, the task of developing an individual technology for combining the acid and alkaline fractions of the formulation by separating the components at the stage of the technological process of drying the raw material was solved. Thanks to this, it became possible to separate the granulation of acid and alkaline components, which made it possible to stabilize the tabletting mixture (3 tables, bibliography: 8 refs.).

scholarly journals A review of creatine supplementation in age-related diseases: more than a supplement for athletes

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Smith ◽  
Amruta S. Agharkar ◽  
Eric B. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Gyrate Atrophy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Creatine is an endogenous compound synthesized from arginine, glycine and methionine. This dietary supplement can be acquired from food sources such as meat and fish, along with athlete supplement powders. Since the majority of creatine is stored in skeletal muscle, dietary creatine supplementation has traditionally been important for athletes and bodybuilders to increase the power, strength, and mass of the skeletal muscle. However, new uses for creatine have emerged suggesting that it may be important in preventing or delaying the onset of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. On average, 30% of muscle mass is lost by age 80, while muscular weakness remains a vital cause for loss of independence in the elderly population. In light of these new roles of creatine, the dietary supplement’s usage has been studied to determine its efficacy in treating congestive heart failure, gyrate atrophy, insulin insensitivity, cancer, and high cholesterol. In relation to the brain, creatine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, reduce mental fatigue, protect the brain from neurotoxicity, and improve facets/components of neurological disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. The combination of these benefits has made creatine a leading candidate in the fight against age-related diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, long-term memory impairments associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. In this review, we explore the normal mechanisms by which creatine is produced and its necessary physiology, while paying special attention to the importance of creatine supplementation in improving diseases and disorders associated with brain aging and outlining the clinical trials involving creatine to treat these diseases.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stresses and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Hearing Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Fujimoto ◽  
Tatsuya Yamasoba
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), the progressive loss of hearing associated with aging, is the most common sensory disorder in the elderly population. The pathology of ARHL includes the hair cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and afferent spiral ganglion neurons as well as the central auditory pathways. Many studies have suggested that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage, the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreased antioxidant function are associated with subsequent cochlear senescence in response to aging stress. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the induction of intrinsic apoptosis in cochlear cells. ARHL can be prevented in laboratory animals by certain interventions, such as caloric restriction and supplementation with antioxidants. In this review, we will focus on previous research concerning the role of the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of ARHL in both animal models and humans and introduce concepts that have recently emerged regarding the mechanisms of the development of ARHL.

scholarly journals Development of meat and fish formed semi-finished products for herodietic food

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Peshuk ◽  
Iryna Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Minced Meat

To improve the health of the population, it is necessary to develop products that contain natural ingredients with antioxidant properties. The development of the technology of meat and fish molded semi-finished products of the Ayurvedic direction is relevant today. The main raw material was poultry meat. After conducting a literary review of scientific publications and comparing the chemical composition of different types of fish, we selected sea fish ‒ hake, pollock and oceanic ‒ saithe, haddock with amount of protein. The technology of molded meat and fish products allows to introduce into the composition of semi-finished products multifunctional ingredients that enrich the chemical composition of the product, increase the nutritional value, improve its taste, and expand the range of processing of raw materials without production waste. This technology makes it possible to create meat and fish semi-finished products, with a targeted change in the chemical composition, corresponding to the physiological needs of the human body, especially for children, the elderly. To identify the most optimal ratios between meat and fish raw materials, have been developed 21 samples of minced meat and fish systems. A study of the organoleptic evaluation of meat and fish semi-finished products was carried out, with the introduction of fish raw materials into the recipe from 10 to 50%. The detailed profilograms were built on the basis of the research results. The general comparative analysis allows us to state that among all the presented research samples, the best marks were obtained for sample No. 5 and No. 4 using ocean fish (haddock in the amount of 50%; saithe fish in the amount of 40%) in terms of taste, smell and consistency. As a result of studies of the physicochemical indicators of the developed minced meat and fish systems, it was found that almost all prototypes were characterized by an increased moisture content with an increase in the amount of fish raw materials. For further research, samples were selected whose recipes were the most optimal in terms of the ratio of meat and fish raw materials, namely chicken fillet and haddock fish in a ratio of 50: 50%, and chicken fillet and saithe fish ‒ 60: 40%.

scholarly journals Haematopoietic ageing through the lens of single-cell technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. dmm047340
Author(s):  
Paulina M. Strzelecka ◽  
Frederik Damm
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Metabolomic Level ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTHuman lifespan is now longer than ever and, as a result, modern society is getting older. Despite that, the detailed mechanisms behind the ageing process and its impact on various tissues and organs remain obscure. In general, changes in DNA, RNA and protein structure throughout life impair their function. Haematopoietic ageing refers to the age-related changes affecting a haematopoietic system. Aged blood cells display different functional aberrations depending on their cell type, which might lead to the development of haematologic disorders, including leukaemias, anaemia or declining immunity. In contrast to traditional bulk assays, which are not suitable to dissect cell-to-cell variation, single-cell-level analysis provides unprecedented insight into the dynamics of age-associated changes in blood. In this Review, we summarise recent studies that dissect haematopoietic ageing at the single-cell level. We discuss what cellular changes occur during haematopoietic ageing at the genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolomic level, and provide an overview of the benefits of investigating those changes with single-cell precision. We conclude by considering the potential clinical applications of single-cell techniques in geriatric haematology, focusing on the impact on haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the elderly and infection studies, including recent COVID-19 research.

scholarly journals STRAWBERRY (Fragaria ananassa Duch): PHYTOCHEMICALS, NUTRACEUTICALS AND HEALTH BENEFITS. A BRIEF REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Samia Ikram ◽  
Usman Ali Abassi ◽  
Nauman Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Β Carotene

Strawberry is an accessory fruit stimulated by cold weather as a berry, reported to constitute, phenolic acid, ellagic acid and its derivatives EA-4-arabiniside, EA-4-acetylarabinoside, EA-4-acetylxyloside, β-carotenoids (Lutein, β-carotene), omega-3 fatty acids and derivatives. Fruits especially berries/soft fruits have combination of antioxidants and phytochemicals. the phenolic compounds present in strawberries are responsible for antioxidant properties rather than to vitamin C and these dietary antioxidants prevent or limit the potential cancer-inducing oxidative damage.  These compounds play a synergistic and cumulative role in health promotion. The risk of persistent diseases and oxidative damage to the cellular system can also be prohibited or lowered by these antioxidant compounds (phytochemicals), such as phenolics and carotenoids Strawberries enhance the palatableness of a cholesterol-dropping food whereas it maintains the serum lipid reductions of the food consumed. Cognitive and motor functions are age-related declines that are slowed by strawberry intake and it also has cancer fighting constituents, it also has a potential of decreasing the risk of heart diseases, the females with high strawberry ingestion have reduced levels of an inflammatory marker in their blood. Strawberry extract was found to decrease the activity of transcription factors involved in tumor promotion and there is a need to consume sufficient amounts of antioxidants avoid or reduce the oxidative stress stimulated by free radicals

scholarly journals Use of propolis in difficult to heal diabetic wounds. Short review

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Patrycja Chylińska-Wrzos ◽  
Marta Lis-Sochocka ◽  
Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Diabetic Wounds

Abstract According to WHO, about 347 million of people worldwide suffer from diabetes. Diabetes has complex etiology, and the consequences of this illness are seen in the morphological changes of many tissues and organs i.e. neuropathy leading to the risk of diabetic foot. Due to the diabetic condition, injuries to blood vessels in diabetic foot can be classified as chronic. This is because such wounds remain unresponsive to treatment for months or even years. There are many therapeutic methods employed in treating such injuries. These involve the use of silver, iodine or multi-antibiotic preparations, but treatment is expensive and cumbersome for patients. In the natural environment, however, there are many anti-inflammatory preparations, among them propolis which was the subject of our focus. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, propolis is widely used in the treatment of colds, caries, rheumatic diseases, heart diseases and treatment of burns, wounds and frostbites. Numerous studies also indicate the beneficial effects of propolis on the difficult to heal diabetic wounds in which the use of propolis can significantly accelerate the healing process. The treatment utilizing propolis is easy, inexpensive and does not seem to cause any side effects, therefore costs can be reduced to minimum. The few studies conducted in diabetic patients confirm the results obtained in laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mitchell ◽  
Michael Spencer Chapman ◽  
Nicholas Williams ◽  
Kevin Dawson ◽  
Nicole Mende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Decline ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAge-related change in human haematopoiesis causes reduced regenerative capacity1, cytopenias2, immune dysfunction3 and increased risk of blood cancer. The cellular alterations that underpin the abruptness of this functional decline after the age of 70 years remain elusive. We sequenced 3579 genomes from single-cell-derived colonies of haematopoietic stem cell/multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPPs) across 10 haematologically normal subjects aged 0-81 years. HSC/MPPs accumulated 17 mutations/year after birth and lost 30bp/year of telomere length. Haematopoiesis in adults aged <65 was massively polyclonal, with high indices of clonal diversity and a stable population of 20,000–200,000 HSC/MPPs contributing evenly to blood production. In contrast, haematopoiesis in individuals aged >75 showed profoundly decreased clonal diversity. In each elderly subject, 30-60% of haematopoiesis was accounted for by 12-18 independent clones, each contributing 1-34% of blood production. Most clones had begun their expansion before age 40, but only 22% had known driver mutations. Genome-wide selection analysis estimated that 1/34 to 1/12 non-synonymous mutations were drivers, occurring at a constant rate throughout life, affecting a wider pool of genes than identified in blood cancers. Loss of Y chromosome conferred selective benefits on HSC/MPPs in males. Simulations from a simple model of haematopoiesis, with constant HSC population size and constant acquisition of driver mutations conferring moderate fitness benefits, entirely explained the abrupt change in clonal structure in the elderly. Rapidly decreasing clonal diversity is a universal feature of haematopoiesis in aged humans, underpinned by pervasive positive selection acting on many more genes than currently identified.

The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Juda ◽  
Mirjam Münch ◽  
Anna Wirz-Justice ◽  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Till Roenneberg
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

What Can We Learn from Sarcopenia with Curarisation in the Context of Cancer Surgery? A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3005-3010
Author(s):  
Georges Samouri ◽  
Alexandre Stouffs ◽  
Lionel V. Essen ◽  
Olivier Simonet ◽  
Marc De Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: The monitoring of the curarisation is a unique opportunity to investigate the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during cancer surgery, especially in frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, without any limit of time related to frailty, sarcopenia, age and response to neuromuscular blockers in the context of cancer surgery. Results: Several modifications appear with age: changes in cardiac output, a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat, the deterioration in renal and hepatic function, the plasma clearance and the volume of distribution in elderly are smaller. These changes can be exacerbated in cancer patients. We also find modifications of the NMJ: dysfunctional mitochondria, modifications in the innervation of muscle fibers and motor units, uncoupling of the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers, inflammation. : Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) compete with acetylcholine and prevent it from fixing itself on its receptor. Many publications reported guidelines for using NMBAs in the elderly, based on studies comparing old people with young people. : No one screened frailty before, and thus, no studies compared frail elderly and non-frail elderly undergoing cancer surgery. Conclusion: Despite many studies about curarisation in the specific populations, and many arguments for a potential interest for investigation, no studies investigated specifically the response to NMBAs in regard of the frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

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