scholarly journals Modeling the ecological niche and features of coprobiontic fungi distribution in Asia by the example of Cyathus stercoreus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Vlasenko ◽  
Dejidmaa Turmunkh ◽  
Chechekmaa Dembirelovna Nazyn ◽  
Anastasia Vladimirovna Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Cyathus Stercoreus

Species distribution is undergoing rapid changes in the face of habitat modification and climate change. This leads to concerns about the conservation of declining species and raises ecological questions about the processes that govern species ranges and niches. As a consequence, the predictive distribution models which match species records to patterns in abiotic environmental variables have become an established tool in ecology and conservation. Maximum entropy spatial distribution modelling (MaxEnt) solves this problem by inferring species distributions and environmental tolerance based on the occurrence data. The objectives of this research were the ecological niche and running the habitat suitability modelling on dung fungal species Cyathus stercoreus based on its bioclimatic and substrate features within Asia. We constructed a map of the current geographical distribution of the dung fungus Cyathus stercoreus using MaxEnt method. We included in the model 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables with the corresponding altitude data, and seven spatially well-dispersed species occurrence records. Despite its narrow substrate specialization, Cyathus stercoreus is climatically quite plastic and is able to develop in a wide range of variations in mean annual temperatures and mean annual precipitation, which follows from the analysis of a two-dimensional niche based on two climatic variables using the Envelope method. Modeling the distribution of basidiomycete dung fungi using the Cyathus stercoreus as an example showed that the area of their potential distribution with a zone of favorable climate is very large. Most of the zone with a favorable climate is located in the area with the probability of the presence of species up to 70%. Cyathus stercoreus is not associated with any particular habitat type. On the territory of Russia, in the south of Siberia, the species is located on the northern border of its range in the area with the least favorable bioclimatic environmental factors.

Predictive distribution models of European hake in the south-central Mediterranean Sea

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 821 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Garofalo ◽  
S. Fezzani ◽  
F. Gargano ◽  
G. Milisenda ◽  
O. Ben Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Mediterranean Sea ◽  
European Hake

scholarly journals The Relict Ecosystem of Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaea in an Agricultural Landscape: Past, Present and Future Scenarios

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández ◽  
Fabián Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-García ◽  
Blas Teruel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Maytenus Senegalensis

Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaea is a shrub belonging to the Celastraceae family, whose only European populations are distributed discontinuously along the south-eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, forming plant communities with great ecological value, unique in Europe. As it is an endangered species that makes up plant communities with great palaeoecological significance, the development of species distribution models is of major interest under different climatic scenarios, past, present and future, based on the fact that the climate could play a relevant role in the distribution of this species, as well as in the conformation of the communities in which it is integrated. Palaeoecological models were generated for the Maximum Interglacial, Last Maximum Glacial and Middle Holocene periods. The results obtained showed that the widest distribution of this species, and the maximum suitability of its habitat, occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum, when the temperatures of the peninsular southeast were not as contrasting as those of the rest of the European continent and were favored by higher rainfall. Under these conditions, large territories could act as shelters during the glacial period, a hypothesis reflected in the model’s results for this period, which exhibit a further expansion of M. europaea’s ecological niche. The future projection of models in around 2070, for four Representative Concentration Pathways according to the fifth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, showed that the most favorable areas for this species would be Campo de Dalías (southern portion of Almería province) as it presents the bioclimatic characteristics of greater adjustment to M. europaea’s ecological niche model. Currently, some of the largest specimens of the species survive in the agricultural landscapes in the southern Spain. These areas are almost totally destroyed and heavily altered by intensive agriculture greenhouses, also causing a severe fragmentation of the habitat, which implies a prospective extinction scenario in the near future.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Locus That Affects Pathogenicity of Rhodococcus fascians

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Vereecke ◽  
Karen Cornelis ◽  
Wim Temmerman ◽  
Mondher Jaziri ◽  
Marc Van Montagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Rhodococcus Fascians ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Symptomatic Tissue

ABSTRACT The gram-positive plant pathogen Rhodococcus fascians provokes leafy gall formation on a wide range of plants through secretion of signal molecules that interfere with the hormone balance of the host. Crucial virulence genes are located on a linear plasmid, and their expression is tightly controlled. A mutant with a mutation in a chromosomal locus that affected virulence was isolated. The mutation was located in gene vicA, which encodes a malate synthase and is functional in the glyoxylate shunt of the Krebs cycle. VicA is required for efficient in planta growth in symptomatic, but not in normal, plant tissue, indicating that the metabolic requirement of the bacteria or the nutritional environment in plants or both change during the interaction. We propose that induced hyperplasia on plants represents specific niches for the causative organisms as a result of physiological alterations in the symptomatic tissue. Hence, such interaction could be referred to as metabolic habitat modification.

Ecological Niche Modeling Predicting the Potential Distribution of African Horse Sickness Virus from 2020 - 2060

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalew Assefa ◽  
Abebe Tibebu ◽  
Amare Bihon ◽  
Alemu Dagnachew ◽  
Yimer Muktar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract African horse sickness is a vector-borne, non-contagious and highly infectious disease of equines caused by African Horse Sickness viruses (AHSv) that mainly affect horses. The occurrence of the disease causes huge economic impacts because of its fatality rate is high, trade ban and disease control costs. In planning of vectors and vector borne diseases, the application of Ecological niche models (ENM) used an enormous contribution in exactly delineating the suitable habitats of the vector. We developed an ENM with the objective of delineating the global suitability of AHSv outbreaks retrospective based on data records from 2005–2019. The model was developed in R software program using Biomod2 package with an Ensemble modeling technique. Predictive environmental variables like mean diurnal range, mean precipitation of driest month(mm), precipitation seasonality (cv), mean annual maximum temperature (oc), mean annual minimum temperature (oc) mean precipitation of warmest quarter(mm), mean precipitation of coldest quarter (mm) mean annual precipitation (mm), solar radiation (kj /day), elevation/altitude (m), wind speed (m/s) were used to develop the model. From these variables, solar radiation, mean maximum temperature, average annual precipitation, altitude and precipitation seasonality contributed 36.83%, 17.1%, 14.34%, 7.61%, and 6.4%, respectively. The model depicted the sub-Sahara African continent as the most suitable area for the virus. Mainly Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Madagascar and Malawi are African countries identified as highly suitable countries for the virus. Besides, OIE-listed disease-free countries like India, Australia, Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia have been found suitable for the virusThis model can be used as an epidemiological tool in planning control and surveillance of diseases nationally or internationally.

scholarly journals Potential geographic distribution of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) in current and future conditions for Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0008212
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Echeverry-Cárdenas ◽  
Carolina López-Castañeda ◽  
Juan D. Carvajal-Castro ◽  
Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Continental Extension ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Potential Geographic Distribution

In Colombia, little is known on the distribution of the Asian mosquito Aedes albopictus, main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Asia and Oceania. Therefore, this work sought to estimate its current and future potential geographic distribution under the Representative Concentration Paths (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios by 2050 and 2070, using ecological niche models. For this, predictions were made in MaxEnt, employing occurrences of A. albopictus from their native area and South America and bioclimatic variables of these places. We found that, from their invasion of Colombia to the most recent years, A. albopictus is present in 47% of the country, in peri-urban (20%), rural (23%), and urban (57%) areas between 0 and 1800 m, with Antioquia and Valle del Cauca being the departments with most of the records. Our ecological niche modelling for the currently suggests that A. albopictus is distributed in 96% of the Colombian continental surface up to 3000 m (p < 0.001) putting at risk at least 48 million of people that could be infected by the arboviruses that this species transmits. Additionally, by 2050 and 2070, under RCP 2.6 scenario, its distribution could cover to nearly 90% of continental extension up to 3100 m (≈55 million of people at risk), while under RCP 8.5 scenario, it could decrease below 60% of continental extension, but expand upward to 3200 m (< 38 million of people at risk). These results suggest that, currently in Colombia, A. albopictus is found throughout the country and climate change could diminish eventually its area of distribution, but increase its altitudinal range. In Colombia, surveillance and vector control programs must focus their attention on this vector to avoid complications in the national public health setting.

scholarly journals Gefährlich und nützlich zugleich: Strategien zum Management der invasiven Robinie

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Vítková ◽  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Jiří Sádlo ◽  
Jan Pergl ◽  
Petr Pyšek
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensively Managed

Dangerous and useful at the same time: management strategies for the invasive black locust The North American black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is considered controversial as many other introduced tree species because of its both positive and negative properties. Based on a literature review and own data we analyze the occurrence of black locust in Czechia and Switzerland and present the management approaches in place. In both countries, black locust is on the blacklist of invasive introduced species. It can grow in a wide range of habitats from urban and agricultural landscape to dry grassland and forest. Meanwhile, the species became in many places part of the environment and human culture, so that neither unrestricted cultivation nor large-scale eradication is feasible. We suggest a context-dependent management which respects the different needs and takes into account the local environmental conditions, land-use, habitat type, risk of spread as well as economic, cultural and biodiversity aspects. To this purpose we propose three management strategies: 1) control respectively gradual suppression of black locust in forests where the species is not welcome, 2) its eradication in sensitive ecosystems as dry grasslands or clear and dry forests and 3) its tolerance in intensively managed agricultural landscapes and in urban environment.

Responses of Percid Fishes and Their Habitats to Eutrophication

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1964-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Leach ◽  
M. G. Johnson ◽  
J. R. M. Kelso ◽  
J. Hartmann ◽  
W. Nümann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Cultural Eutrophication ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selective Mechanism ◽  
The Continuum

Percid fishes are found in lakes that cover a wide range of trophic conditions. The responses of percids and their habitats to progressive cultural eutrophication are predictable. Alterations in physicochemical characteristics of habitats precipitate changes in phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, and benthos that are ultimately deleterious. Enrichment can lead to favorable responses in percids, but somewhere in the continuum of trophic conditions the responses become unfavorable. The relative level at which the response becomes negative varies with the species according to tolerances to altered environment, adaptabilities to new habitat and forage base, and reproductive behavior. Progressive eutrophication acts as a selective mechanism that leads to a predictable sequence of fish species. Other perturbations, such as exploitation and habitat modification, can act synergistically with cultural eutrophication in accelerating the sequence. As eutrophication proceeds, the succession of species may not lead to increased fish yield because part of the nutrient load may be channeled through unharvestable food chains. Key words: Percidae, habitat, eutrophication, species dominance, food habits, parasitism, disease

Ignoring seasonal changes in the ecological niche of non-migratory species may lead to biases in potential distribution models: lessons from bats

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2425-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Smeraldo ◽  
Mirko Di Febbraro ◽  
Luciano Bosso ◽  
Carles Flaquer ◽  
David Guixé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Distribution Models

Nutritional Value of Habitat for Moose on Urban and Military Lands

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Welch ◽  
Perry S. Barboza ◽  
Sean D. Farley ◽  
Donald E. Spalinger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Moose Population

Abstract Moose Alces alces are large and conspicuous animals valued for wildlife watching and hunting opportunities. However, near urban areas they can cause collisions with vehicles and damage to garden and ornamental plants. We studied a population of adult female moose that lives in and around both urban and industrial development on an active Army and Air Force base adjacent to Anchorage, Alaska, to evaluate nutrition and diet, map habitat quality, and model how habitat development affects the number of moose the landscape can support. Population density was moderate and hunter harvest was high in our study area, so we hypothesized that moose in our study area would be in similar condition to other healthy populations in Alaska. We also hypothesized that, in our study area, shrublands would support more moose than any other habitat type and that areas disturbed for urban development would be crucial to maintaining the local moose population. Rump fat depths, blood chemistries, and pregnancy rates in November and March for moose in our study area were consistent with populations in good to moderate condition. Microhistology of composite fecal samples indicated that willows Salix spp. dominated the summer diet, whereas the winter diet was divided among willows, birch Betula spp., and cottonwood Populus balsamifera. Low concentrations of available nitrogen in winter stems limited the number of moose that could be supported in our study area. Shrublands were the most valuable habitat type for moose, theoretically supporting 11–81 times more moose per hectare than any other habitat type. Shrublands were more concentrated within the developed portion of our study area than the surrounding undeveloped portions of the military base; and the access to shrublands in clearings, greenbelts, and parks sustains the productivity of this moose population despite the many disturbances of an urbanized landscape. Our habitat values can be used to model potential impacts of habitat modification on the number of moose the landscape can support.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Main Components of Hydromorphological Modifications at Reach Scale in Rivers of Greece

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Stefanidis ◽  
Anna Latsiou ◽  
Theodora Kouvarda ◽  
Anastasia Lampou ◽  
Nektarios Kalaitzakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
River Habitat Survey

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires from member states to monitor hydromorphological features of rivers in order to assess their ecological quality. Thus, numerous hydromorphological assessment methods have been developed with most of them focusing on the dynamics of hydrology, geomorphology and riparian zone extent. Within the scope of this study, we assessed the hydromorphological features of 106 river reaches distributed among thirteen WFD River Basin Districts (RBDs) to identify the main drivers of hydromorphological perturbation at a national scale. The studied reaches reflect a wide range of natural variability as they include various types of watercourses extending from lowlands to mid-altitude and mountainous systems. We employed the River Habitat Survey (RHS), and we recorded hydromorphological features and modifications in both banks and the channel bed along 500 m for each reach. Then, the Habitat Modification Score (HMS) and the individual sub-scores that indicate the extent of specific modifications (e.g., bridges, fords, weirs, bank reprofiling, bank reinforcement, etc.) were calculated in order to a) assess the severity of the total artificial modification and b) to highlight the most common and severe causes of overall alteration. The results showed that alterations such as reprofiling and reinforcement of banks contributed the most to the total HMS followed by the presence of fords and bridges. Particularly, the bank alterations indicate a serious deterioration of the longitudinal profile of the reaches, while the occurrence of many fords and bridges is the main cause for perturbations that affect locally the stream cross-sectional profile. Overall, these results compile a first nationwide assessment of the hydromorphological status of Greek rivers in line with the WFD and set the basis for further research that will focus on the diversity of stream habitat features as a measure for the overall ecological quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document