scholarly journals Strategies of Audiovisual Translation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Gennady Petrovich Bakulev

The issue of audiovisual translation (AVT) seems particularly important in contemporary cinema. As argued, translation is delivered between cultures rather than words. The text is seen as an integral part of the world, but not as its separate fragment. Therefore the translation process is regarded as a crosscultural transfer, defined by the level of the prestige of a source and target cultures, as well as their relationships. The article discusses two main strategies of translation in cinema - dubbing and subtitling, which differ in the degree of interference in the original text. On the one hand, dubbing modifies the original text to a greater degree, making it more comprehensible for the audience. Whereas subtitling, i.e. presenting the dialogue in the target language in the form of synchronous subtitles, makes the least changes in the source text. The choice of a translation strategy generally depends on the view of the target culture and is often influenced by the political factors. Dubbing and subtitling represent two extreme points on the translation range, defined by two opposite types of cultural systems - domestication and foreignization. To suppress or to accept the foreign nature of imported films is the key to how a country regards itself in relation to the others and how it realizes the importance of its own culture and language. Fast changes characteristic of our time exert a considerable impact on audiovisual translation. One of the consequences of globalization-localization process is growing diversification of audiovisual production. Scientific and technological progress forms the basis to develop new methods of AVT and means of its realization. Such tendencies testify to huge potential capabilities of amelioration of the translation quality and specialization, providing more universal access to mass media for all social categories thereby accelerating their social integration into modern society.

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Sadaf Khosroshahi ◽  
Ahmad Sedighi

Translation of mystic terms or metaphors is a very important portion of rendering a text from a source language to a target language, because some of mystic terms do not exist in the target language and this point makes the translation harder. This paper aimed at identifying the translation strategies and procedures used by Darbandi and Davis (1984) in The Conference of the Birds of Attar Neishabouri. To achieve the objectives, Attar’s Persian original work (Shafiei Kadkani, 2010) was read carefully to extract mystical terms.  Then, the translated text by Darbandi, and Davis (1984) was carefully read and the corresponding English translations of Persian mystical term were found.  The original mystical terms and their Persian translation were analyzed based on Van Doorslaer’s (2007) map to find out translation strategies and procedures used by the translators on the one hand and indicate the dominant strategy and procedure in the whole work of translation on the other. The result showed that literal translation strategy (72.41%) was the most frequently used strategy and direct transfer procedure (68.96%) was the most frequently used procedure.  This paper may have some implications in literary translation and help translation instructors and translation trainees as well in translation classes.


Babel ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Mok

The strategies of translating Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain, a martial arts novel by Jin Yong, into English are determined mainly by the skopos of bringing Jin Yong’s work to life for a Western audience, shaped also by the translator’s ideology and the poetics dominant in the receiving culture. It follows that the functions associated with translating this literary text, a major genre in contemporary Chinese literature, would include introducing martial arts fiction as a literary genre; introducing Jin Yong as a master storyteller; and presenting genre-specific devices employed in penning a classic work. An overriding strategy adopted by the translator proved to be extensive rewriting into the target language as the translated work only materialized after serious efforts at recreative translating. The fluent translation strategy, when aptly used, is the one that effects transparency, thereby evoking authorial presence in a literary translation.


2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Olga Álvarez Huerta

L’oxetivu principal d’esti trabayu ye analizar tolos aspeutos relativos al procesu de traducción a llingua romance d’un fueru llatinu del que la primer copia caltenida remonta al primer cuartu del sieglu XII y atópase na Catedral d’Uviéu. Del testu romance llegaron a nós tres versiones llixeramente distintes, toes elles del sieglu XIII. La comparanza d’eses tres versiones col testu llatinu dexa concluyir que son resultáu d’un únicu procesu de traducción en que’l traductor caltúvose escrupulosamente fiel al testu orixinal, pero esforzóse tamién n’afaer la sintaxis llatina al romance. Como hai ciertes diferencies ente los tres testos romances foi necesaria la revisión rigurosa de los mesmos, pa pescudar cuál de les versiones ye o representa más fielmente’l testu orixinal. De resultes d’ello concluyóse que nenguna d’elles ye la traducción orixinal, sinón que les tres copies unvien a un orixinal perdíu y propónse tamién que, de les tres versiones romances llegaes hasta nós, la del monesteriu de Benevívere ye la más cercana al que sedría’l testu de la traducción orixinal. El testu de Benevívere déxanos añadir dellos datos de tipu llingüísticu non consideraos en trabayos anteriores que taben basaos nos otros dos manuscritos (el d’El Escorial y el de la Real Academia de la Hestoria). Estos datos, fundamentalmente de tipu léxicu, abonden na caracterización como asturianu de la llingua de la traducción orixinal.Pallabres clave: asturianu, llatín, traducción, documentación medieval, Fueru de Lleón.The main goal of this paper is to analyse the translation process of a Latin code of law, the so-called Fueru de Lleón, into a Romance language. The first known copy of this code, or ‘fuero’, dates back to the first quarter of the 12th century and can be found in the Cathedral of Uviéu. Three slightly different versions from the 13th century Romance language text have been preserved and their comparison with the Latin source text reveals that they result from the same translation process in which the translator was completely faithful to the Latin text, while at the same time he made efforts to adjust the Latin syntax to the Romance language form. As there are several differences between the three Romance texts, a rigorous revision was necessary to explore which one represented the source Latin text more faithfully. The analysis concluded that none of them was the original target text, and that the three of them point at a lost original text. It is also suggested that, from the three versions preserved to present times, the text from the Monastery of Benevívere is the closest one to the original translation. The Benevívere text introduces new linguistic data which were not considered in previous work and which are based on two other manuscripts (the text from the Monastery of the Escorial and the one from the Royal Academy of History). These data, mainly lexical, reinforce the idea that Asturian was the target language of the original translation.Key words: Asturian, Latin, translation, medieval documentation, Fueru de Lleón.


Author(s):  
Oleksandra Popova

The article is devoted to the study of the tactical-operational corpus used to reproduce the content of the academic discourse from English and Chinese into Ukrainian. The notions “translation strategy”, “translation tactics”, “translation operation” are specified. The translation strategy in the context of translating academic correspondence is associated with the program aimed at the implementation of translation activities, which is formed on the basis of the translator’s interest in the quality of translation in terms of formal and informal-cooperative (non-conflict) relations between individuals and / or legal entities (to start, maintain and finish mutual activities according to the established educational and / or economic standards) as well as provides for a constructive exchange of information (to receive, provide, request, process the necessary information). The translation tactics in the designated format are identified as an integrated set of translation operations performed within the implementation of the chosen translation strategy; the translation operation is understood as a translator’s specific action undertaken while reproducing the authentic text in the target language. The tactical and strategic construct used when reproducing the content of English and Chinese academic correspondence in the Ukrainian language has been characterized. The strategy of communicatively equivalent translation is determined as the leading one in terms of the implementation of the communicative intention of the author (the person who creates the original text) in the target language. The correspondence of the applied translation tactics when dealing with the designated strategy has been analysed, these tactics being highlighted: the tactics of cognitive information transfer, the tactics of linguocultural text adaptation, the tactics of stylistic text adaptation, the tactics of correct information framework and the tactics of reproducing formal structural characteristics of the text. The author specifies the criteria for assessing the adequacy of the translation of the discourse under study, which guarantee a correct understanding of the sender’s goal in the target language (adequate (good translation); satisfactory translation; inadequate (bad translation)).


K ta Kita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Deby Angelia

This research wanted to help the reader to understand about the classification of translation strategies in the novel The Fault in Our Stars. The writer used Larson’s (1998), proposes three strategies to translate figurative language. The writer was interested in analyzing the figurative language because there are many kinds of implicit meaning in figurative language; she felt that it was interesting to be analyzed. Besides, the writer chose a novel because it explains the story more detail than others such as movie. She chose The Fault in Our Stars novel because the story is quite touched and there are a lot of figurative languages on its novel. The writer hope that the translated meaning of figurative language can be the same as the original text.  Keywords: Translation, Translation Strategy, Figurative Language, Source Language, Target Language.


Author(s):  
Елена Викторовна Иванова ◽  
Екатерина Владимировна Оботнина ◽  
Марина Юрьевна Евпак

Введение. Проанализированы способы передачи стилистической конвергенции при переводе с русского языка на английский. Явление конвергенции стилистических приемов недостаточно подробно изучено ни стилистикой с точки зрения ее языковой реализации, ни переводоведением в плане передачи в переводе всего объема семантической, стилистической и прагматической информации, транслируемой автором с использованием указанного феномена. В научных исследованиях нередко рассматривается проблема передачи того или иного стилистического приема, но не их совокупности, что, несомненно, усложняет работу переводчика. Постановка такой проблемы в рамках данного исследования необходима для определения наиболее эффективной переводческой стратегии передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте перевода. Цель статьи – выявить и проанализировать способы передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов с языка-источника на язык перевода в плане сохранения ее прагматической функции. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужил роман Л. Толстого «Анна Каренина» и его перевод на английский язык, выполненный Маргарет Ветлин и опубликованный изданием Progress Publishers в 1978 г. Объектом исследования является конвергенция стилистических приемов, предметом – способы ее передачи с русского языка на английский. В работе нашли применение общенаучные и лингвистические методы исследования, в том числе описательный и сравнительно-сопоставительный. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлено, что полное сохранение конвергенции в переводе встречается редко в силу лексических и структурных особенностей двух языков. Из 70 выявленных единиц текста 24 % составляют те, в которых стилистическая конвергенция была полностью сохранена при переводе. Передача стилистической конвергенции методом замещения или добавления некоторых ее элементов при переводе также встречается довольно редко (12 и 17 % соответственно). Наиболее частотным является способ передачи стилистической конвергенции с опущением при переводе тех или иных стилистических приемов оригинала (47 %). Что касается прагматических функций стилистической конвергенции, то они, в большинстве своем, сохраняются при переводе, при этом усиливая или, наоборот, ослабляя стилистический эффект текста оригинала. Заключение. В работе дан краткий обзор истории изучения явления стилистической конвергенции и приведены основные определения данного феномена. В ходе анализа материала исследования рассмотрены стилистические приемы, формирующие стилистическую конвергенцию в художественном тексте, проведен сопоставительный анализ текстовых единиц с применением конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте оригинала и тексте перевода, выявлены наиболее частотные способы передачи стилистической конвергенции с русского языка на английский. Кроме того, проанализированы прагматические функции стилистической конвергенции и рассмотрены возможности их сохранения при переводе. Introduction. This article carries out the analysis of the ways the stylistic convergence is rendered from Russian into English. The phenomenon of convergence has been thoroughly studied neither by the stylistics as far as its speech implementation is concerned, nor by the theory of translation taking into account all the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic information expressed by the author by means of convergence that needs to be rendered in translation. Quite often, scientific research studies the problem of transferring a particular stylistic device rather than their converged group which obviously complicates the translator’s work. The problem thus stated is aimed at revealing the most effective translation strategy for rendering the stylistic convergence in the target text. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to single out and analyze the ways the convergence of stylistic means is rendered from the source language into the target language maintaining its pragmatic function. Material and methods. The material for the study is the novel “Anna Karenina“ by L. Tolstoy and its translation in English by Margaret Wettlin published by Progress Publishers in 1978. The object of the research is convergence of stylistic means, the subject is the ways of its transference from Russian into English. The basis of the methodology lies in the scientific and linguistic methods including the descriptive and comparative ones. Results and discussion. The research has shown that the complete transference of the convergence is rather rare due to the lexical and structural peculiarities of the two languages. Having analyzed 70 text units we have come to the conclusion that 24 % of them are those in which the stylistic convergence is preserved in the target text. The stylistic convergence is rendered by substituting or adding some of its components in 12 % and 17 % of units respectively. The most frequent (47 %) are the cases when some of the converged stylistic means of the source text are omitted in translation. As for the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence, they are in most cases retained in the target text enhancing or, on the contrary, weakening the stylistic effect of the original text. Conclusion. The article gives a short historical overview of studying stylistic convergence and covers its main interpretations. The analysis of the research material includes the study of stylistic means that form the stylistic convergence in the literary text, the comparative analysis of the text units containing the stylistic convergence both in the source text and in the target text. We revealed the most frequent ways of rendering the stylistic convergence from Russian into English. In addition, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence as well as the ways they can be retained in translation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Ibtehaj Mohammed Akhoirsheda

The Old Man and the Sea is a novel that is written by the American author Ernest Hemingway, . The novel is full of religious utterances and symbols. Different translators have translated this novel into various languages. Gabrielle Wahbeh is a Christian Egyptian writer who translated this novel into Arabic.  By reading the source text and the translated text, I can tell that Wahbe’s translation of the novel differs from the original text in regards to religious terms paraphrasing them. The results show that none of the Arabic idioms used in this study have equivalences in English language and so, what is shown are the paraphrased meaning for each  My study will be based on the comparison and analysis of the translation including some examples from the source text into Arabic. The main aim for this study is to highlight Venuti’s translation strategy “domestication “that has been used in translating this novel into Arabic.   Translation is the process of rendering a unit from one language (Source Language) into another (Target Language). When it comes to idioms (fixed expressions consisting of two words or more giving a meaning different from the meaning of the individual words), the translators are going to face a number of troubles. This study focuses on translating the Arabic idioms . The methodology of this study is based on a number of statements collected verbally or through written texts and expressing the meaning by paraphrasing them. The results show that none of the Arabic idioms used in this study have equivalences in English language and so, what is shown are the paraphrased meaning for each.


Author(s):  
Mardin Silalahi ◽  
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung

This research is focused on the ability of the students in translating a recount text by using translating strategies at the first grade students of SMA Swasta Yayasan Perguruan Keluarga (YPK) Pematangsiantar. This study tries to find out: 1) The translation strategy that are used by the students in the translating of a recount text; 2) The  translation  strategy  that  is  mostly  used  by  the  students  in  the translating of a recount text; 3) The  students’  perception  towards  the  translating  tasks  as  an  alternative task to enhance their reading habit and vocabulary. From the data analysis it can be concluded that: 1) In translating  the  recount text entitled Borobudur, especially  in dealing with  certain  words,  the  students  employ  ten  translation strategy.  These strategies are taken from the Newmarks’ translation strategy (1988:  81-93).  The strategies  which  are applied by the  students in  this  study  are  the transference  strategy,  the  naturalization  strategy,  the  cultural  equivalent strategy,  the  shift  or  transposition  strategy,  the  modulation  strategy,  the recognized  translation  strategy,  the  compensation  strategy,  the  expansion strategy, the couplets strategy, and the triplets strategy; 2) The  cultural  equivalent  strategy  is  the  one  which  is  mostly  used  by  the students  in  translating  the  text.  Based  on  Newmark  (1988:  82-83),  this  strategy  is  commonly found in translating popular fiction texts; 3) The  students’  perception towards  the translating  tasks  which are  given by their  teacher  is  that  the  translating  tasks  can  help  them  enhance  their reading  habit  and  increase  their  vocabulary.  The  reason  behind  this perception  is because  they  admit that they even do not  read  English  texts unless  their  teacher  has them  do  so.  In  this  case,  it  is  obviously seen  that the  students  agree  that  the  translating  task  is  an  alternative  task  to  make them  read  English  texts.  Although  in  the  reality  translating  task  is neglected  by  many  educators,  since  it  is  included  into  one  of  the characteristics of the Grammar Translation  method  which  is assumed only to  focus  on  knowing  grammar rules, remember  vocabularies, and produce a good translation of target language.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-183
Author(s):  
Leonid Chernovaty ◽  
Natalia Kovalchuk

The aim of the paper deals with the preliminary verification of the hypothesis concerning the impact of the source text structure on the choice of translation strategy (form-oriented or sense-oriented) in the process of rendering a text in a native (Ukrainian) into a foreign (English) language by university students majoring in Translation. The methods of the research included a comparative analysis of the target texts (English) translated (within a predetermined time limit) from the source text (Ukrainian) related to the domain of economics. The structure of the source text, while remaining grammatically acceptable in the Ukrainian language, had been deliberately made structurally non-congruent with that of the direct word order, which is most frequently used in English. The subjects, the fourth-year BA students majoring in Translation, whose command of English ranged between B2 and C1 levels within the CEFR classification, had been properly motivated to achieve the maximum possible result. The analysis of the target texts was based on a number of parameters, which included the preservation of the source text information and its structure in them. Results. It was established that in translating from a native into a foreign language, the subjects have a tendency to replicate the structure of the source text at the levels of clauses and sentences. However, it does not always result in the distortion of the source text sense or/and the violation of the target language norms as the subjects often managed to render the said sense and to keep to the said norms by means of changing the functions of the words in the sentence. The probability of the subjects’ abandoning the source text structure increases when the latter is evidently unsuitable for replication, in which case they switch over to the sense-oriented strategy. The correlation of the two strategies in translating sentence segments is generally identical to the one related to clauses and sentences, while the form-oriented strategy generally prevails in rendering phrases. Conclusions. The source text structure has a certain impact on the choice of translation strategy increasing the share of the form-oriented approach. However, this impact is not unequivocal and may depend on a number of factors, which require additional study. The paper outlines the prospects of further research.


Author(s):  
Bairon Oswaldo Vélez

This paper comments on the first Spanish translation of João Guimarães Rosa's short story "Páramo", which narrates the exile of a Brazilian lost with mountain sickness in a cold and hostile Bogotá. This translation is briefly explained in the following pages, giving special emphasis to some prominent features of the original version, in addition to the cultural context, critical and theoretical readings and the translation strategy evident in the translator‘s intervention. Finally, it is made clear how a certain perspective of the other – present in the original version as well – passes through the translation process and indicates the conditions of its presentation in the target language. The original article is in Portuguese.


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