scholarly journals Agronomic and Physiological Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars under Deficit Irrigation Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 929-936
Author(s):  
Ruize Lin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Osmolyte Accumulation ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Late Growth

Improving crop productivity under drought conditions contributes largely to the sustainable agriculture globally. In this study, the agronomic traits and physiological processes related to osmolyte accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis during late growth stage in wheat under drought stress were studied. Three cultivars viz., Shimai 22 (drought tolerant), Zhongxinmai 99 (median drought-tolerant, control), and Shi 4185 (drought sensitive) sharing contrasting drought tolerance were grown under normal irrigation (NI: with irrigations prior to sowing, and at jointing and flowering stages) and deficit irrigation (DI, with irrigations prior to sowing and at jointing) conditions. Data regarding yields, osmolyte (i.e., proline and soluble sugar) contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were recorded. Under deficit irrigation, the cultivars displayed modified agronomic and physiological traits. Among cultivars, Shimai 22 showed best agronomic traits (6.47 to 7.23% higher yield than control), osmolyte contents and AE activities (10.12 to 22.18% higher than control), and least MDA accumulation (12.30 to 17.06% lower than control). In contrast, Shi 4185 cultivar performed worst regarding above said traits. The transcripts of the genes in ��1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) family that regulates proline biosynthesis and those in AE families that modulate ROS homeostasis were evaluated. Results revealed that the P5CS genes TaP5CS2 and TaP5CS5 and the AE ones TaSOD3, TaCAT2 and TaCAT5 were modified on transcripts across the cultivars under DI condition, showing to be significant upregulated compared with NI. These results suggested the essential roles of osmolyte accumulation and AE proteins in improving the drought tolerance of wheat during late growth stages. In addition, this study suggested that the elevated transcription efficiencies of distinct P5CS and AE family genes under water deprivation contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance in drought-tolerant cultivars. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Exogenously Used 24-Epibrassinolide Promotes Drought Tolerance in Maize Hybrids by Improving Plant and Water Productivity in an Arid Environment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
Mohamed I. E. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Semi Arid

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR24), applied to leaves at a concentration of 5 μM, on plant physio-biochemistry and its reflection on crop water productivity (CWP) and other agronomic traits of six maize hybrids was field-evaluated under semi-arid conditions. Two levels of irrigation water deficiency (IWD) (moderate and severe droughts; 6000 and 3000 m3 water ha−1, respectively) were applied versus a control (well-watering; 9000 m3 water ha−1). IWD reduced the relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents were significantly increased as a result of the increased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage compared to the control. These negative influences of IWD led to a reduction in CWP and grain yield-related traits. However, EBR24 detoxified the IWD stress effects and enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters. The evaluated hybrids varied in drought tolerance; Giza-168 was the best under moderate drought, while Fine-276 was the best under severe drought. Under IWD, certain physiological traits exhibited a highly positive association with yield and yield-contributing traits or CWP. Thus, exogenously using EBR24 for these hybrids could be an effective approach to improve plant and water productivity under reduced available water in semi-arid environments.

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Marker-trait association analysis for drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Trait Association ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Abstract Background Little information is available on the application of marker-trait association (MTA) analysis for traits related to drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass. The objectives of this study were to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices as well as fining stable associations in a diverse panel of polycross derived genotypes of smooth bromegrass. Phenotypic evaluations were performed at two irrigation regimes (normal and deficit irrigation) during 2 years; and association analysis was done with 626 SRAP markers. Results The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal irrigation, 68 and 57 marker-trait associations were identified using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear mode1 (MLM), respectively. While under deficit irrigation, 61 and 54 markers were associated with the genes controlling the studied traits, based on these two models, respectively. Some of the markers were associated with more than one trait. It was revealed that markers Me1/Em5–11, Me1/Em3–15, and Me5/Em4–7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance indices. Conclusion Following marker validation, the MTAs reported in this panel could be useful tools to initiate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and deficit irrigation regimes, and possibly fine mapping and cloning of the underlying genes and QTLs.

scholarly journals Introgression of drought tolerance QTLs through marker assisted backcross breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Todkar ◽  
Harikrishna . ◽  
G. P. Singh ◽  
Neelu Jain ◽  
P. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Background Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

The present study reports the introgression of the genomic regions linked with drought tolerance traits viz., NDVI, staygreen, chlorophyll content/chlorophyll fluorescence and yield from a drought tolerant parent HI1500 in to a popular high yielding but drought susceptible wheat variety GW322 following the marker assisted backcross breeding. Background selection with 109 polymorphic SSR markers accelerated genome recovery of recurrent parent which ranged from 72.14 to 86.9% in BC1F1, 90.33 to 92.02% in BC2F1 and 91.6 to 94.95% with an average of 93.5% in BC2F2 generation. Eighteen homozygous BC2F3 progenies were found to be phenotypically superior for morpho-physiological and agronomic traits over the recurrent parent GW322.

Effect of morpho-physiological traits on grain yield of sorghum grown under stress at different growth stages, and stability analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANKARAPANDIAN ◽  
S. AUDILAKSHMI ◽  
V. SHARMA ◽  
K. GANESAMURTHY ◽  
H. S. TALWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SUMMARYRecent trends in climate change resulting in global warming and extreme dry spells during rainy seasons are having a negative impact on grain and fodder production in rain-fed crops in India. Understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance at various growth stages will help in developing tolerant genotypes. Crosses were made between elite and drought-tolerant sorghums, and F2and F3progenies were evaluated for drought tolerance in multiple locations. Twenty-five F4/F5derivatives along with drought-tolerant check plants (two high-yielding genotypes showing moderate drought tolerance: C43 (male parent of the commercial hybrid CSH 16, tolerant to drought) and CSV 17, (a pure line commercial cultivar released for drought-prone areas) were screened for drought tolerance under a factorial randomized block design with three replications during the rain-free months of April–June in 2007 and 2008 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kovilpatti, India. In each generation/year, four trials were conducted and water stress at different phases of crop growth,viz. vegetative, flowering and post-flowering (maturity), was imposed by withholding irrigation. Observations were recorded on grain and straw yields, plant height, number of roots, root length, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance under all treatments. The traits, grain yield, plant height, average root length and stomatal conductance showed significant mean sums of squares (SSs) for genotype × environment (G × E), suggesting that genotypes had significant differential response to the changing environments. Significant mean SSs due to G × E (linear) were obtained for straw yield, LRWC and chlorophyll content, indicating that the variability is partly genetic and partly influenced by environment. Grain yield was correlated with chlorophyll content (r = 0·43) at the vegetative stage, with number of roots (r = 0·49), LRWC (r = 0·51), chlorophyll content (r = 0·46) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·51) at the pre-flowering stage, and with LRWC (r = 0·50) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·40) at the post-flowering stage, under water stress. Partial least square (PLS) analysis showed that different traits were important for grain yield under water stress at different growth stages. Pyramiding the genes for the traits responsible for high grain yield under stress will help in developing stable genotypes at different stages of plant growth.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Advanced Mutant Rice Genotypes under Drought Stress Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarifth Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Yusop ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Ismail ◽  
Abdul Harun
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought stress affects various physiological and metabolic processes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Non-availability of high-yielding varieties suitable for cultivation under drought condition lead towards a sharp decline in rice yield. Induce mutation is an essential auxiliary approach to counterpart conventional breeding to produce stress-tolerance rice variety. The current study was aimed to identify two advanced mutant rice genotypes as drought-tolerant using growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities. The advanced mutant rice genotypes, MR219-4 and MR219-9, showed a minimal reduction on all growth parameters, yield, and yield components measured for drought tolerance. MR219-4 had a slight reduction on total dry weight and chlorophyll content under drought stress condition. Proline content increased significantly in drought-tolerant rice genotypes and the highest proline content was obtained from MR219-4 followed by MR219-9 under drought stress. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities were significantly increased in drought stress treatment in all the rice genotypes. MR219-4 and MR219-9 were identified as high-yielding drought-tolerant genotypes as they maintained good performance under drought stress condition for all the measured traits compared to the drought-tolerant check varieties, Aeron1 and MR219, thus, this might be underlying selection criteria for a drought tolerance rice breeding programme.

scholarly journals Marker-trait association analysis for drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Trait Association ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Abstract Background: Little information is available on the application of marker-trait association (MTA) analysis for traits related to drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass. The objectives of this study were to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices as well as fining stable associations in a diverse panel of polycross derived genotypes of smooth bromegrass. Phenotypic evaluations were performed at two water environments (normal and drought stress) during two years; and association analysis was done with 626 SRAP markers. Results: The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal irrigation, 68 and 57 marker-trait associations were identified using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear mode1 (MLM), respectively. While under deficit irrigation, 61 and 54 markers were associated with the genes controlling the studied traits, based on these two models, respectively. Some of the markers were associated with more than one trait. It was revealed that markers Me1/Em5-11, Me1/Em3-15, and Me5/Em4-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance indices. Conclusion: Following marker validation, the MTAs reported in this panel could be useful tools to initiate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and deficit irrigation regimes, and possibly fine mapping and cloning of the underlying genes and QTLs.

scholarly journals Effect of Watering Regimes on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Exotic Groundnut Genotypes in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mashamba Philipo ◽  
Susan Nchimbi-Msolla
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Plot Design

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in rain fed regions of Africa is mostly affected by intermittent drought of different duration and intensity. Improvement of groundnuts for drought tolerance could increase production in drought prone areas. Therefore, this study aimed at (i) determining the effect of Watering regimes on yield and agronomic traits of exotic Groundnut genotypes and (ii) identifying drought tolerant genotypes as source material for breeding and drought tolerant varieties. Thirty groundnut genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance under well watered and water stress conditions in the screen house at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania. A split plot design with four replications was used whereby the watering regimes were the main plots with varieties planted as subplots Data were recorded on plant height, number of pod/plant and pod yield/plant. Results showed that drought significantly reduced pod yield, number of pods/plant and plant height. Eleven genotypes namely; ICG 2106, ICR 48, ICGS 44, ICG 3053, ICG 11088, ICGV-SM 87003, ICG 12235, ICG 13723, ICGV 02271, ICGV 97182 and ICGV 91114 gave better pod yield and number of pods/plants in water stress conditions and are recommended for use in breeding program as drought tolerant varieties and sources for breeding materials.

Morphological and Physiological Performance of Indian Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Genotypes in Respect to Drought 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
M.K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Background: Soybean is a key crop that grants an imperative supply of oils and proteins to humans and animals; however, its productivity spectacularly diminished owing to the occurrence of drought stress. Methods: The present investigation was executed during Kharif 2018-2019 to recognize drought tolerant genotypes on the basis of an array of morpho-physiological traits. Morpho-physiological analysis among 53 genotypes divulged the existence of drought tolerance capability in studied genotypes.Result: On the basis of current findings, it can be concluded that drought stress retards the growth and metabolic activity of soybean genotypes. These parameters showed considerable amount of variability under drought stress at different growth stages in soybean. Among 53 soybean genotypes, four genotypes viz., JS97-52, AMS 2014-1, RVS-14 and NRC-147 was found to be drought tolerant.

scholarly journals Studies on Drought Tolerant and High Yielding Groundnut Varieties in Perambalur District

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 064-067
Author(s):  
M. Punithavathi ◽  
◽  
R. Vasanthakumar ◽  
V. Nethaji Mariappan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
On Farm

Three varieties of groundnut were used to assess the drought tolerance and high yielding potential. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop mainly grown under rainfed situation. Erratic rainfall and frequent drought during the crop growth period, groundnut yields are generally low under rainfed conditions. Drought during critical crop growth stages is crucial for loss in yield of groundnut varieties. But tolerant genotypes may give better yield due to maintenance of physiological responses that were triggered during drought. On Farm Trials was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hansroever campus, Perambalur district in Tamilnadu, India to assess suitable drought tolerant and high yielding groundnut variety in terms of yield, acceptability and adoption potential during rabi 2018-19 in Perambalur district, India. Three varieties of groundnut were used to assess the drought tolerance and high yielding potential viz., Dharani, Co7 and TMV 7. The study revealed that Dharani recorded higher pod yield (2402 kg ha-1), higher number of pods plant-1 (26) and optimum plant population (26.3 plants m-2) as compared to farmers practice. The groundnut variety Dharani resulted in the highest shelling percentage (75%), while the lowest was registered with TMV 7. Gross and net returns were ` 115324 and ` 66593 ha-1, respectively by cultivating Dharani as against ` 87523 and ` 41550 ha-1 in the check variety. Dharani and Co7 would be a better option forrainfed cultivation in Perambalur district.

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