Myogenin level tends to decrease in  adult male cigarette smokers

Background The World Health Organization has warned that cigarette smoking is an avoidable risk factor for endothelial injury. Myogenin might play a role in muscle metabolism and energy utilization. Electrolytes and minerals are involved in most cellular activities. The objective of this study was to compare myogenin and electrolyte levels between adult male cigarette smokers (CS) and non-smokers (NS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects, consisting of 55 CS and 35 NS. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine myogenin levels while the ion-selective electrode method was used to determine electrolyte levels. The levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride and the body mass index (BMI) were measured. Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results The BMI of CS was significantly lower than that of NS (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of sodium (145.23 ± 1.87), potassium (4.00 ± 0.31) and chloride (103.95 ± 1.60) were significantly higher in the CS than in the NS (these being 142.38 ± 2.49, 3.83 ± 0.33, and 101.48 ± 2.08, respectively) (p<0.05). Myogenin levels (44.24 ± 14.60 pg/mL) tended to decrease in the CS group compared to the NS group (59.66 ± 61.73 pg/mL), but the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.769). Conclusion The study demonstrated that higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride with lower concentrations of myogenin in smokers may be associated with higher risk of skeletal muscle tissue injury probably due to the inability of the affected small blood vessels to transport electrolytes to tissues.

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Evaluation of Serum Levels of LP-PLA2 and CA-242 in Adult Male Cigarette Smokers in Nnewi Metropolis

The Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.31254/jmr.2019.5108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

P.O Manafa ◽

◽

N.B Nwankwo ◽

Ekuma Okereke O ◽

G.O Chukwuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Serum Level ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Adult Male ◽

Serum Levels ◽

The Body ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Ca 242 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Cigarette smoking is a behavioural lifestyle in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed into the body system. Thus, cigarette smoking is a known public health challenge given the number of tobacco-related diseases like hypertension, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) etc. leading to increased mortality in developed and developing countries. Notwithstanding that the effects of smoking are well documented, individuals who practice cigarette smoking are still on the increase most especially in the developing countries. Study Design/Aim: This was a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate the serum levels of Cancer Antigen-242 (CA-242) and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in adult male smokers in Nnewi Metropolis, as emerging inflammatory biomarkers. Materials and methods: A total of 135 subjects aged between 16-65 years were selected for this study. They were classified into 2 major groups (test and control); comprising of 85 cigarette smokers (55 and 30 as test subjects for the evaluation of CA-242 and Lp-PLA2) respectively and 50 non-cigarette smokers (35 and 15 as control subjects for CA-242 and Lp-PLA2 evaluations) respectively. A well-structured questionnaire was used for the collation of information from the participants. Results: the mean serum level of Lp-PLA2 was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in cigarette smokers (67.52±27.29) compared with the non-smokers (63.63±20.81). While the serum level of CA-242 among smokers (1.77±0.70) was of no significant difference (P=0.711) when compared with the non-smokers (1.81±0.20). More so, the mean serum levels of Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with the duration of smoking (r=0.297) and age (r=0.085) in male cigarette smokers. However, there were negative relationships when CA-242 were correlated with duration of smoking (r = -0.156) and age of smokers (r=-0.155). Conclusion: The increased level of Lp-PLA2 along with its positive correlation with other traditional markers like age and smoking duration suggests that Lp-PLA2 is a suitable biomarker to predict cardiac related diseases among cigarette smokers. This is because, Lp-PLA2 is a more specific cardiac predictor compared to the non-specific conventional biomarkers. We therefore suggest that Lp-PLA2 as an independent advanced predictor of cardiovascular disease be further evaluated using follow-up studies with better sample size in CVDs related cases

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Evaluation of the Blood Level of Adiponectin in Pregnant Adolescents

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (06) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Elaine Cristina Rocha Pádua ◽

Silvia Daher ◽

Isa de Pádua Cintra Sampaio ◽

Edward Araujo Júnior ◽

Cristina Falbo Guazzelli

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Group ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Intergroup Comparison

Abstract Objective To evaluate serum levels of adiponectin in pregnant adolescents between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 67 normal pregnant women between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation and eutrophic (body mass index [BMI]: 18.5–25 kg/m2), of which 36 were adolescents (< 20 years old) and 31 adults (≥ 20 years old). Serum adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The t-student or Mann-Whitney tests were used for intergroup comparison. Results Pregnant adolescents showed significantly higher serum adiponectin concentrations compared with pregnant adults (p = 0.04). No differences were observed in adiponectin levels in younger pregnant adolescents (< 16 years old) compared with older pregnant adolescents (≥ 16 years old). Adiponectin values were divided into 3 subgroups: < 3,000 ng/mL, between 3,000 and 5,000 ng/mL, and > 5,000 ng/mL. Birthweight was significantly higher in women > 5,000 ng/mL when compared with < 3,000 ng/mL in the adolescent group. No association between pregestational adiponectin levels and BMI, gestational weight gain, and gestational age was observed; however, there was a positive relation with birthweight (p = 0.0239). Conclusion Serum adiponectin values in pregnant adolescents between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation were higher compared with pregnant adults; however, no differences between younger and older pregnant adolescents were observed.

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Relationship of Zinc and Magnesium Serum Levels with Postpartum Depression in Tabriz-Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemeh Edalati-Fard ◽

Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽

Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽

Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Level ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Depression Score ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of

OBJECTIVE: According to the World Health Organization, depression will be the second prevalent problem after ischemic heart diseases by the year 2020. Postpartum depression (PPD) as a major depressive episode has devastating impacts on the health of mother, newborn, infant, and even the whole family. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of zinc and magnesium serum levels with PPD, as one of the commonly assumed causes of depression.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on 122 postpartum women aged 18 years and more in two educational hospitals and one non-educational hospital in Tabriz-Iran, 2015. The eligible women were selected using convenience sampling method. Then, the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Edinburgh Depression Scale were completed by participants, and 5cc of blood sample was drawn from each participant. For data analysis, logistic regression test was used.RESULTS: The mean score of depression scale was 8.0 (SD: 4.7), meaning that 18.9% of mothers were depressed. Results indicated a significant inverse correlation between Edinburgh depression score and magnesium serum level (p= 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the zinc serum level and Edinburgh depression score (p=0.831), in so far as based on logistic regression analysis, increased magnesium serum level decreased the odds of depression [Odds ratio: 0.05; CI 95%: 0.01 to 0.29].CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was a significant inverse relationship between magnesium serum level and Edinburgh depression score.

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Relative leptin deficiency in children with severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) – results of the Early-onset Obesity and Leptin – German-Polish Study (EOL-GPS)

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Zachurzok ◽

Michael B. Ranke ◽

Bertram Flehmig ◽

Katarzyna Jakubek-Kipa ◽

Katarzyna Marcinkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Serum Levels ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

World Health ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Leptin Deficiency

AbstractBackgroundSevere early-onset obesity (SEOO) in children is a common feature of monogenic obesity. Gene defects of the leptin-melanocortin pathway can be analysed biochemically and genetically. The aim of this study was to search for children with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in a cohort of children with SEOO and to study associations between leptin parameters and anthropometric data.MethodsThe cohort included n = 50 children with SEOO (22 boys) who were recruited at one of four study centres (Germany: Ulm; Poland: Katowice, Szczecin, Rzeszow) between October 2015 and October 2017. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured, Tanner stage was obtained and a fasting serum blood sample was taken. Serum levels of total leptin (LEP, ng/mL), biologically active leptin (bioLEP, ng/mL) and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR, ng/mL) were measured. The body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]), BMI z-score (World Health Organization [WHO]), quotient of bioLEP/LEP and leptin-standard deviation score (LEP-SDS) (Tanner stage, BMI and sex-adjusted) were calculated.ResultsWe did not find any child with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in our cohort. The serum LEP and bioLEP levels were strongly correlated with age (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001). Girls had higher LEP and bioLEP levels (49.7 ± 35.9 vs. 37.1 ± 25.5 ng/mL, p > 0.05) as well as lower LEP-SDS than boys (−1.77 ± 2.61 vs. −1.40 ± 2.60, p > 0.05). sLEPR levels were negatively correlated with BMI values (r = −0.44; p < 0.05), LEP (r = −0.39; p < 0.05) and bioLEP levels (r = −0.37; p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a strong inverse relationship between LEP-SDS and BMI (r = −0.72, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this cohort with SEOO, we identified no new cases of children with leptin deficiency or bioinactive leptin. A strong negative correlation between the LEP-SDS and BMI values could be interpreted as relative leptin deficiency in children with SEOO. In case this hypothesis can be confirmed, these children would benefit from a substitution therapy with methionyl human leptin (metreleptin™).

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Comparison and agreement of criteria for the BMI classification of physically active elderly women living in the Backlands, semi-arid Region

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.128227 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo De Maio Nascimento ◽

Luiz Gabriel Dantas Pereira ◽

Phillipe Ramon Nogueira Cordeiro ◽

Luciana Márcia Gomes de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Health Risk ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Kappa Statistic ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: The study of the nutritional status of the elderly deserves attention, since there is no consensus on the criteria for the evaluation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) of this population.Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of elderly women practicing regular physical exercises, as well as to compare the World Health Organization (WHO) and Lipschitz criteria to the identification of health risk and to examine their agreement.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 76 elderly women in physical exercise groups in Petrolina-PE. The nutritional status was obtained by the calculation of BMI according to WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the variables, followed by Tukey post hoc. The Kappa statistic established the agreement between the BMI criteria, the Spearman coefficient determined the correlation between BMI and abdominal circumference (AC).Results: Elderly patients aged 60-79 years were classified as being overweight by WHO and eutrophic by Lipschitz. Octogenarian demonstrated eutrophy, according to the criterion of Lipschitz, WHO diverged for this group between thinness and eutrophy. There was a weak agreement between both criteria, Kappa (0.232, p = 0.002) and a strong correlation between BMI and CA (r = 0.722, p <0.001).Conclusion: There was a divergence between the WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The WHO proved to be more sensitive to identifying overweight and obesity and Lipschitz's normal weight and malnutrition. The CA measure was more competent to detect health risk, especially in elderly eutrophic women.

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Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Undergraduate Students of Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

10.46715/jfsn2020.10.1000109 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Janet AgyarkwaaOti ◽

Guy Eshun

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

Even though empirical evidence exists to validate the avowal that dietary habits hold the key in reducing the surge in non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults and for optimal nutritional status, little is known about the nexus of these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in Ghanaian universities. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated dietary habits and its effect on nutritional status among undergraduate students of the Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba. Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as the theoretical basis, this study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design with the quantitative approach where proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 3,065 students for the study. The assessment of nutritional status was done where height and weight were measured in Kg/m2and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization. Data on the dietary habits was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire which was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as multiple regression.The study discovered that undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, were of normal weight than overweight and underweight while obesity was ranked the least. The study further revealed that even though students moderately consumed fish, meat, eggs and dairy products legumes and nuts, they had a low intake of fruits and vegetables, but high consumption of energy-dense foods and fast foods such as cakes, pastries, cookies, deep-fried foods, biscuits, sandwiches, indomie and of soft drinks. It was further established that majority of the students skipped meals notably breakfast. Besides, the study showed that all the dietary habits outlined in the study collectively contributed significantly to students’ nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended that the University through its health directorate and the Department of Food and Nutrition should regularly organize health talks and symposiums to admonish students on the dangers of not observing optimal dietary habits. Additionally, the University through its Academic Board should introduce a general course on nutrition education to equip students with current theories in dietary practices for improved dietary habits.

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Differences in levelFms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble Endoglin (s-Eng), and Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) between Early Onset Preeclampsia and Late Onset Preeclampsia

Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.25077/jom.3.2.11-18.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Lita Nafratilova ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽

Irza Wahi

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intrinsic Factors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Early Onset Preeclampsia

Early Onset Preeclampsia (EO-PE) is preeclampsia that develops before 34 weeks 'gestation, caused by intrinsic factors, while Late Onset Preeclampsia (LO-PE) is preeclampsia that develops after 34 weeks' gestation due to extrinsic and maternal factors. There is an increased production of antiangiogenic factors (sFlt-1, s-Eng and PIGF) contribute to pathophysiology of preeclampsia.This study aims to measure the difference of sFlt-1, sEng, PIGF levels between EO-PE and LO-PE. This was an observational study with cross sectional design conducted at Dr. M. Djamil, TK Hospital. III dr. Reksodiwiryo and Biomedical Laboratory FK Unand Padang from August 2017 to August 2018. The sample of this study were 26 severe preeclampsia women : 13 (EO-PE) and 13 (LO-PE), selected using consecutive sampling. Levels of sFlt-1, sEng, PIGF were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney Test. Results shown that serum levels of sFlt-1 and sEng in (EO-PE) were 9.51 ± 0.71 ng / L, 1.44 ± 0.06 ng / mL, 5.79 ± 0.42 ng / mL while in PEAL it was 8, 89 ± 0.78 ng / mL, 1.35 ± 0.14 ng / mL, 6.72 ± 0.76. There were a significant difference with a value of p <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that the levels of sFlt-1 and sEng are higher in (EO-PE) than(LO-PE)and PIGF levels was lower in (EO-PE) compared to (LO-PE)

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Reference Equations for Spirometry Healthy Adult Population in Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15874/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

mariane campos ◽

Wagner Luis Ripka ◽

Leandra Ulbricht

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Adult Population ◽

The Body ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

World Health ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

White Skin ◽

Selection Of Variables ◽

Effective Diagnosis

Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a set of diseases, has as its main characteristics a limitation of the ventilatory flow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2030, COPD will be the third-largest cause of death. However, for the effective diagnosis, it is necessary to use reference curves appropriate to the population in which the individual belongs, thus it is possible to identify probable limits and abnormalities.Methods This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted in a metropolitan region comprising 29 municipalities in southern Brazil. Individuals of both genders aged between 18 and 59 years, non-smokers, self-identified with white skin, participated in the study. The spirometric collections were done following the American Thoracic Society guidelines. And beyond them, mass and height were collected for determination of the Body Mass Index. The correlations between pulmonary and anthropometric variables were tested by regression analysis univariate after the selection of variables through multivariate analysis and logarithmic regression.Results In this sample, 800 participants were evaluated, of these 533 females and 267 males. Both sexes had considerable spirometry variables values as FVC, FEV6, and FEV1, used in the development of prediction models. The only variable, with a positive correlation in both genders, was height. For the males model, the best fit variable was FVC, with R 2 = 0.417 and for females FEV, with R 2 = 0.462. Among males, was seeing a lower value for all individuals in both variables. Whereas women had similar behavior, for CVS, with slight differences in the ends of the curves, comparing FEV1, the values were higher in all evaluated.Conclusion The prediction equations showed the previous curves were very restrictive and could be leading to false-positives. Thus, this update in the reference values would support clinical decisions on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.

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Predictors of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Male Midwakh and Cigarette Smokers

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.4.2021.064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shatah Al Sharbatti ◽

Rizwana B. Shaikh ◽

Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽

Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽

Michael Weizman

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Adult Male ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cigarette Smokers

Objectives: Midwakh is a popular form of smoking in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess predictors of nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette and midwakh smokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2015 in Ajman, UAE. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit adult male smokers aged ≥18 years who exclusively smoked either cigarettes or midwakh. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, with nicotine dependence assessed using the Modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. In addition, testing was performed to determine levels of salivary cotinine and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). Results: A total of 88 adult male smokers were included in the study, of which 40 (45.5%) were cigarette smokers and 48 (54.5%) smoked midwakh. Most participants were 26–35 years of age (48.9%), followed by 18–25 years (30.7%) and ≥35 years (20.5%). Use of midwakh was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the risk of moderate to high nicotine dependence in comparison with cigarette smoking. Moreover, for each unit increase in CO level, there was a 10% increase in the risk of nicotine dependency. There was also a significant association between nicotine dependence level and depth of inhalation (P = 0.023). Conclusion: Type of smoking and CO levels were found to be significant predictors of nicotine dependence among adult male smokers. In particular, greater dependency was observed among midwakh smokers compared to those who smoked cigarettes. Keywords: Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; United Arab Emirates.

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Korelasi persentase lemak tubuh dengan kadar adipsin pada premenopause

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.33401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Rahmani Welan ◽

Gusti Revilla ◽

Desmawati Desmawati

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background: One of the conditions on premenopausal period is the increase in body fat, among which are caused by levels of the fluctuating estrogen hormone. Increase fat affects the body fat percentage and adipsin levels. Adipsin plays a role in the stimulation of insulin secretion by producing C3a, in which C3AR1 (C3a Receptor 1) fragments interact with beta cells to secrete insulin.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine correlation of body fat percentage with adipsin levels on premenopause.Design: This was an analytical study with cross-sectional design. Body fat percentage was obtained by examination using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Venous blood was taken at the mediana cubiti area used for serum adipsin levels. Adipsin levels were analyzed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.Results: The mean of body fat percentage on premenopausal was 36,18 ± 8,35%. The mean of adipsin levels on premenopausal was 117,05 ± 87,93 ng/ml. Result of Pearson test analysis got value r = 0,632 and value p = 0.0005 (p <0,05).Conclusions: There is a positive significant correlation between the percentage of body fat with adipsin levels on premenopause.

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