scholarly journals Reference Equations for Spirometry Healthy Adult Population in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mariane campos ◽  
Wagner Luis Ripka ◽  
Leandra Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a set of diseases, has as its main characteristics a limitation of the ventilatory flow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2030, COPD will be the third-largest cause of death. However, for the effective diagnosis, it is necessary to use reference curves appropriate to the population in which the individual belongs, thus it is possible to identify probable limits and abnormalities.Methods This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted in a metropolitan region comprising 29 municipalities in southern Brazil. Individuals of both genders aged between 18 and 59 years, non-smokers, self-identified with white skin, participated in the study. The spirometric collections were done following the American Thoracic Society guidelines. And beyond them, mass and height were collected for determination of the Body Mass Index. The correlations between pulmonary and anthropometric variables were tested by regression analysis univariate after the selection of variables through multivariate analysis and logarithmic regression.Results In this sample, 800 participants were evaluated, of these 533 females and 267 males. Both sexes had considerable spirometry variables values as FVC, FEV6, and FEV1, used in the development of prediction models. The only variable, with a positive correlation in both genders, was height. For the males model, the best fit variable was FVC, with R 2 = 0.417 and for females FEV, with R 2 = 0.462. Among males, was seeing a lower value for all individuals in both variables. Whereas women had similar behavior, for CVS, with slight differences in the ends of the curves, comparing FEV1, the values were higher in all evaluated.Conclusion The prediction equations showed the previous curves were very restrictive and could be leading to false-positives. Thus, this update in the reference values would support clinical decisions on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.

Glittre ADL test in eutrophic, overweight and obese elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Augusto Baumhardt Guidoti ◽  
Ângelo Pereira Cattani ◽  
Cintia Laura De Araujo ◽  
Fernanda Beatriz Costa Delacoste ◽  
Guilherme Scotta Hentschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Health Organization Quality

The Glittre ADL-test (TGlittre) has been designed and validated to measure functional capacity during daily living activities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but is now used in several other situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of TGlittre in a sample of overweight and obese eutrophic elderly. This was an experimental and cross-sectional study, which included 21 elderly women, allocated by BMI, in eutrophic (n = 8), overweight (n = 6) and obese (n = 7) groups. They were assessed for functional capacity (TGlittre and 6MWT), quality of life (QOL) with the questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older People (WHOQOL-OLD) and handgrip strength (HGS). TGlittre correlated with age (p = 0.0040) and with 6MWT (p = 0.0086), but no statistical difference was found in TGlittre's performance time and the distance covered in 6MWT between groups. TGlittre did not correlate with HGS (p = 0.1493) and WHOQOL-Old (p = 0.0905). The data obtained in the present study corroborate that TGlittre is used as a functional measurement variable in the elderly population.Keywords: aged, obesity, exercise intolerance.­­­

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Saleem ◽  
Mohamed O’haj ◽  
Faleh Th. Mohammed ◽  
Mutasim E. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods.  Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected.  Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease. 

scholarly journals A Novel Metric System to Quantify Antibiotic Consumption in Paediatric Population: A Hospital Based, Biphasic Pilot Study

Discoveries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e119
Author(s):  
Shah Newaz Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Ratinder Jhaj ◽  
Ritendra Patidar ◽  
Mahendra Dangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Standard Unit

Background: The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification / Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system recommended by World Health Organization is accepted worldwide as the standard method of quantification of drug consumption. However, owing to individual variation in body weight, the ATC/DDD system cannot be used for comparison across paediatric population. Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel metric system for standard quantification of antibiotic consumption in paediatric population. Method: The standard unit of drug quantification in adult population is DDD/100 patient days (PD). We conceived a new unit of DDD/1000 kg-days (KD) where KD is the product of the body weight and length of hospital stay of an individual patient. We simulated the quantification and comparison of drugs in a computer model of five virtual paediatric hospitals (H1 to H5, n=100, 200, 100, 100, 100 respectively). We re-applied the metric system on two, real world, hospital-based, time cohorts (TC) (TC18, n=38 and TC19, n=47) of 2 weeks each, in two consecutive years. Results: The body weights (mean±SD) in H1-H5 were 5.7±3.0, 5.7±2.8, 25.3±8.5, 20.6±11.7 and 19.8±11.4 kg, respectively. The antibiotic consumption in terms of DDD/100 PD and DDD/1000 KD in the five hospitals was 1.26, 1.20, 5.52, 4.41 and 2.00, and 2.24, 2.14, 2.22, 2.17 and 1.06 respectively. In TC18 and TC19, the mean body weight, DDD/100 PD and DDD/1000 KD were 12.24±13.17, 30.93, 20.34 and 19.51±12.28, 11.99, 6.23, respectively. Conclusion: DDD/1000 kg-days is a potential standard unit for drug quantification in paediatric population independent of weight distribution and size of the study sample. The universal application and comparison across diverse samples can generate useful information for resource allocation, anti-microbial stewardship, disease burden and drug use, and can help in taking policy decisions to improve healthcare delivery in the paediatric population.

scholarly journals Scoping Review: Pengaruh Paparan Asap Rokok Terhadap Kadar Kotinin Dalam Tubuh Perokok Pasif

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Tul Munawaroh ◽  
Annisa Rahmah Furqaani ◽  
Lelly Resna Nugrahawati
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family

Perokok pasif adalah orang tidak merokok, namun ikut menghirup asap rokok dari orang-orang merokok di sekitarnya. Produk yang dihirup dihasilkan dari asap utama yang dihembuskan dan asap dari ujung rokok yang masih membara. Perokok pasif memiliki kandungan nikotin yang akan dimetabolisme menjadi kotinin menggunakan enzim CYP2A6 Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily A, Polypeptide dan didistribusikan dalam tubuh perokok pasif seperti darah, saliva, dan urine. Hasil metabolisme mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif. Dampak peningkatan kadar kotinin menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan seperti lung cancer, oral cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dan coronary heart disease. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadap kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode scoping review dengan subjek artikel ilmiah nasional dan internasional yang memenuhi kriteria kelayakan (eligible). Hasil pada penelitian ini diambil dari artikel yang akan dinilai secara PICOS, yaitu Population: anak-anak perokok pasif yang terdapat pada jurnal artikel, Intervention/Exposure: asap rokok sekunder, Comparison: anak-anak yang tidak tinggal dengan perokok, Outcome: kadar kotinin dalam tubuh perokok pasif, Studi: RCT, clinical trial, dan cross sectional. Artikel yang memenuhi kelayakan (eligible) ada 6 artikel. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perokok pasif menunjukan kadar kotinin yang meningkat.  Scope Review: The Effect of Cigarette Exposure to Cotinine Levels in The Body of Passive SmokersSecondhand smoke is a product produced from the main smoke that is exhaled and the smoke from the tip of the cigarette that is still burning. Passive smokers who contain nicotine which will be metabolized into cotinine use the enzymes CYP2A6 Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily A, Polypeptides and distros in the body of passive smokers such as blood, saliva and urine. From the measurement results the increase in cotinine levels in the body of passive smokers. The impact of increasing levels of cotinins causes health problems such as lung cancer, oral cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and coronary heart disease. The research objective was to analyze the effect of cigarette smoke on cotinine levels in the body of passive smokers. The research was taken using the scoping review method with the subject of national and international scientific articles that meet the eligibility criteria (elegible). The results in this study were taken from articles to be taken using PICOS, namely Population: children of passive smoking found in journal articles, Intervention/Exposure:secondary cigarette smoke, Comparison: children who do not live with smokers, Results: body cotinine levels in passive smokers, Studies (RCT, clinical trial, and cross sectional). There are 6 articles that fulfill the eligibility (elegible). The conclusion of this study shows that exposure to passive smoking using cotinine concentrations taken in the body of passive smokers shows an increase in cotinine levels.

scholarly journals Comparison and agreement of criteria for the BMI classification of physically active elderly women living in the Backlands, semi-arid Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Maio Nascimento ◽  
Luiz Gabriel Dantas Pereira ◽  
Phillipe Ramon Nogueira Cordeiro ◽  
Luciana Márcia Gomes de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The study of the nutritional status of the elderly deserves attention, since there is no consensus on the criteria for the evaluation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) of this population.Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of elderly women practicing regular physical exercises, as well as to compare the World Health Organization (WHO) and Lipschitz criteria to the identification of health risk and to examine their agreement.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 76 elderly women in physical exercise groups in Petrolina-PE. The nutritional status was obtained by the calculation of BMI according to WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the variables, followed by Tukey post hoc. The Kappa statistic established the agreement between the BMI criteria, the Spearman coefficient determined the correlation between BMI and abdominal circumference (AC).Results: Elderly patients aged 60-79 years were classified as being overweight by WHO and eutrophic by Lipschitz. Octogenarian demonstrated eutrophy, according to the criterion of Lipschitz, WHO diverged for this group between thinness and eutrophy. There was a weak agreement between both criteria, Kappa (0.232, p = 0.002) and a strong correlation between BMI and CA (r = 0.722, p <0.001).Conclusion: There was a divergence between the WHO and Lipschitz criteria. The WHO proved to be more sensitive to identifying overweight and obesity and Lipschitz's normal weight and malnutrition. The CA measure was more competent to detect health risk, especially in elderly eutrophic women.

Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Undergraduate Students of Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Janet AgyarkwaaOti ◽  
Guy Eshun
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Even though empirical evidence exists to validate the avowal that dietary habits hold the key in reducing the surge in non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults and for optimal nutritional status, little is known about the nexus of these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in Ghanaian universities. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated dietary habits and its effect on nutritional status among undergraduate students of the Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba. Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as the theoretical basis, this study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design with the quantitative approach where proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 3,065 students for the study. The assessment of nutritional status was done where height and weight were measured in Kg/m2and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization. Data on the dietary habits was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire which was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as multiple regression.The study discovered that undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, were of normal weight than overweight and underweight while obesity was ranked the least. The study further revealed that even though students moderately consumed fish, meat, eggs and dairy products legumes and nuts, they had a low intake of fruits and vegetables, but high consumption of energy-dense foods and fast foods such as cakes, pastries, cookies, deep-fried foods, biscuits, sandwiches, indomie and of soft drinks. It was further established that majority of the students skipped meals notably breakfast. Besides, the study showed that all the dietary habits outlined in the study collectively contributed significantly to students’ nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended that the University through its health directorate and the Department of Food and Nutrition should regularly organize health talks and symposiums to admonish students on the dangers of not observing optimal dietary habits. Additionally, the University through its Academic Board should introduce a general course on nutrition education to equip students with current theories in dietary practices for improved dietary habits.

scholarly journals Syphilis in during pregnancy: association of maternal and perinatal characteristics in a region of southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Padovani ◽  
Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Characteristics Method

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of syphilis in during pregnancy and its association with socioeconomic characteristics, reproductive history, prenatal and labor care, and newborn characteristics. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study based on gestational and congenital syphilis reports. A (records) linkage was performed in the Brazilian databases: “Information System for Notifiable Diseases” (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN); “Live Births Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC); and “Mortality Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade - SIM). Results: The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 0.57%. The following associations of syphilis in pregnancy were found: non-white skin color/ethnicity (PR=4.6, CI=3.62-5.76); low educational level (PR=15.4; CI=12.60-18.86); and absence of prenatal care (PR=7.4, CI=3.68-14.9). The perinatal outcomes associated with gestational syphilis were prematurity (PR=1.6 CI=1.17-2.21) and low birth weight (PR=1.6; CI=1.14-2.28). Two deaths from congenital syphilis, one death from another cause and five stillbirths were reported. Conclusion: The results signify a long way until reaching the World Health Organization’s goal of eradicating congenital syphilis.

scholarly journals Study on Knowledge and Practices of Ayurvedic Preventive Measures for Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
B. L. Edirisinghe ◽  
W. M. S. S. K. Kulathunga
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory diseases have become world health burden. It has been estimated that 65 million people have moderate severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases from which about 3 million die each year. Objective of this survey study was to assess knowledge and practice of Intern medical officers on Ayurvedic preventive measures for managing respiratory tract infectious diseases. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among the Intern Medical Officers during their training program. 85 respondents out of 150 were assessed for their knowledge and practices on Ayurvedic preventive measures for Respiratory tract infections by using pre-structured questionnaire. Among the sampled students, most of them were female 92.9% (79) and unmarried 51.8% (44). The mean age and the standard deviation of the respondents were 28.25 + 0.815 years. There were 41(48.2%) Intern medical students with good knowledge, 42(49.4%) were with satisfactory knowledge and 2.4% of the study group was having the little knowledge. Most of the respondents 56(65.9%) were doing good practice on preventing RTI and 29 (34.1%) respondents were doing bad practice. Overall the respondents have good practice on prevention of RTI with the mean score of 19.9 + 2.589.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING DENGUE FEVER AMONG ADULT POPULATION OF DISTRICT DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Aminullah ◽  
Soaib Ali Hassan ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed Khawaja Khail ◽  
Abdul Waris ◽  
Gul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Preventive Practices

Background: Dengue is a major public-health concern throughout globe especially tropical and sub-tropical regions. Dengue fever is transmitted by bite of female mosquito caused by human viral pathogen that belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50-100 million dengue infections occur each year and that almost half the world's population lives in countries where dengue is endemic. The first confirmed dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan occurred in 1994. Since then, epidemics of dengue fever have been reported in the region with increasing frequency and expanding geographic distribution.Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices regarding dengue fever among adult population.Methods: This study was a Cross sectional descriptive survey conducted among adult population in Union council Ouch and Chakdarah district Dir Lower, KPK province Pakistan. The study was collected in the months of October to December 2015. Sample size was calculated through sample size formula calculation and total of 419 subjects including male and females were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire selected through simple random sampling technique.Results: Majority of study population were males (79.3%) and living in houses made of bricks (68.3%). Majority of population was unaware regarding dengue fever transmission, its sign and symptoms and treatment (58.9%). Respondents' main source of information was TV and radio. The study participants consider dengue as a fatal disease and the preventive practices from mosquito bite were recorded as, full clothing (24.4%) followed by use of repellents (10%). Around half of the respondents were using bed net for dengue prevention in which 36% got it from various NGOs working in the district.Conclusion: There is lack of knowledge about dengue fever among the communities. Preventive practices can be improved by increasing knowledge and its translation into sustainable practices.

scholarly journals Older people at risk in times of pandemic? A qualitative study of coping narratives that support resilience in older people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Pérez Sánchez ◽  
Beatriz Guadalupe Maza Pérez ◽  
Guiana Fernández De Lara López Fernández De Lara López
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The World Health Organization mentions that the stress that COVID-19 triggers and confinement are causing a strong psychological impact on societies, due to the relationship made of the binomial pandemic and death. The above exposes the political scenario of COVID-19 for the elderly that once again exhibits the image of the elderly as fragile beings, incapable of thinking and deciding for themselves, who must be cloistered and isolated. However, despite the empirical evidence that shows a vulnerable and at-risk population in the context of the current pandemic, other theoretical views differ and emphasize the strengths that are manifested in this stage of life. Objective: To understand the narrative construction and resilient processes that the older adult population has experienced concerning COVID-19. Special attention was paid to the discourse on psycho-emotional consequences, social beliefs about old age, discrimination, as well as the omissions of human rights and dignity of the elderly. Method: qualitative descriptive cross-sectional ethnomethodological design, with a continuous inclusion sample, corresponding to 15 participants, between 64 and 85 years old, living in Mexico. Results: It was identified that the participating older adults have sufficient psycho-emotional coping resources, due to the efficacy of the regulation of the feelings experienced. However, it is still influenced by the social perception of stereotypes and stigmatization. Conclusions: The results coincide with the postulates of positive psychology and psycho-gerontology regarding the development of capacities and potentialities as a continuous process, and that in older adulthood they become present, thanks to the accumulation of experiences, individual and collective. This underlines the importance of including other ways in which old age is lived and studied, and therefore in the methodologies and proposals for intervention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document