scholarly journals Effect of Chromium on Growth, Biochemicals and Nutrient Accumulation of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nagarajan ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Cr Addition ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Chromium is a heavy metal; this element is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and Biochemicals ,accumulation of nutrients along with Cr in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. Similarly the biochemicals and nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Chromium Treatment on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Paddy (Oryza sativa L) Seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
P. Sundaramoorthy ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Cr Addition

The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa.L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morphological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and accumulation of nutrients along with Cr content were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphological parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content paddy seedlings. Similarly nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Chromium on Growth of some Paddy Varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. Nagarajan ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Cr Addition ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Chromium is a serious heavy metal and it is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study the accumulation of Cr and its effect on the Germination and growth of some paddy varieties. Thus, the varieties such as ADT-43, ADT-45, IR-50, TKM-9, CO-33, ASD-16 and CO-43 are grown in petriplates treated with different concentrations of Chromium (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). After one week exposure the seedlings were removed and morphophysiological parameters like germination percentage, seedling length and dry weight of paddy varieties and accumulation of Cr were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiological parameters in the treatments rather than control and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the paddy seedlings under treatment.

scholarly journals Toxic Effect of Zinc on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Cow Pea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
S. Anvar Basha ◽  
M. Selvaraju
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Zinc Addition

Zinc is a heavy metal; this element is considered as environmental hazard.Toxicity effects of Zinc on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Zinc along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Cow pea plant (Vignaunguiculata.L). Thus, cow pea seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Zinc (control, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and accumulation of nutrients along with Zinc in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than Zinc 50 mg/L zinc cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and zinc addition in the cultures caused enhancement of zinc content in roots and shoots of cow pea seedlings. Similarly nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of cow pea. It was also noted that accumulation of zinc in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.

Responses of Weedy Rice to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Ding ◽  
Xiao Liang Liu ◽  
Dian Rong Ma ◽  
Xiao Xue Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. Rice is the staple food for more than 23% of world population, so rice anti-drought physiology study is of importance to rice production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace of progress is not so large because of drought resistance being a multiple-gene-control quantitative character. On the other hand, stress adaptive mechanisms are quite different, with stress degree, time course, materials, soil quality status and experimental plots, thus increasing the complexity of the issue in question. Additionally, a little study is related to weedy rice.In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG-6000) are used to generate -1.33MPa and 0MPa water stress in a laboratory condition (28±3°C). Complete randomized design with three replications is used in the study. After 10 days of germination, shoot length, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root numbers are measured; germination percentage, and root to shoot ratio are calculated. Germination index (GI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI) and dry matter stress index (DMSI) are used to evaluate the response of different genotypes to PEG-induced water stress. Results of ANOVA analysis show that responses of weedy rice accessions and cultivated rice varieties to water stress are significant different, demonstrating the germplasm of weedy rice and cultivated rice are diverse which enables us to screen the germplasm tolerant to drought stress.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of triazoles modifies growth and biochemical characteristics of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. under water limited conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Maruthaiya Arivalagan ◽  
Ramamurthy Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Proline Amino Acid

The present investigation was carried out to find the morphological and biochemical variation in Tomato (PKM-1) seedlings under drought with triazole treatments. The pots were arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The seedlings were allowed to grow up to 30 days with regular water irrigation. The water was irrigated by 4 Days Interval Drought (DID) and the control plants were regularly irrigated. The Triazole (Hexaconazole at 15 mg L-1 and Tebuconazole at 10 mg L-1) treatments imposed on 30, 40 and 50 Days After Sowing (DAS). The plant samples were collected on 40, 50 and 60 DAS. The plants were separated into root, stem and leaves for analysing the morphological variations and biochemical contents. Under drought condition the plant growth was increased in root length and decreased in shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight.  In drought with treatments the root length, shoot length, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight were increased when compared to drought plants but it was lower than the control. Under drought condition the protein content was decreased but the proline, amino acid, total sugar and glycine betaine content were increased when compared to control plant. In drought with triazole treatments the protein content was increased and proline, amino acid, total sugar and glycine betaine were reduced when compared to drought treated plant, however it was lower than that of control. This study was concluded that under drought stress the plant reduced shoot length and protein content, and shows increased root length, proline, amino acid, total sugar and glycine betaine content, but drought with triazole treatments to increase root length, fresh and dry weight and protein content, reduced proline, amino acid, total sugar and glycine betaine content when compared to drought tomato plant

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Transfer of Arsenic from Groundwater and Paddy Soil to Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain: A Micro Level Study in Chandina, Comilla

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Md. Serazul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Soil Arsenic ◽  
Micro Level

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in many countries. As the cultivation of rice requires huge volume of water, long term use of Arsenic contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in the increase of arsenic concentration in the agricultural soil and eventually accumulation in rice grains. A micro level study was conducted to investigate the transfer of arsenic from irrigation water and soil to rice plants in the arsenic affected 8 unions of Chandina upazilla, Comilla district. The level of arsenic in irrigation water (0.12±0.08 and 0.67±0.07 mg l-1) was much above the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg l-1 for drinking water and FAO permissible limit of 0.10 mg l-1 for irrigation water. The total soil arsenic concentrations ranged from 3.21±0.80 to 8.74±2.83 mg kg-1 dry weight of soil, which was below the maximum acceptable limit for agricultural soil of 20.0 mg kg-1 as recommended by the European Community. The accumulation of arsenic in the grain ranged from 0.12±0.04 to 0.58±0.06 mg kg-1 in Boro and 0.16±0.04 to 1.06±0.20 mg kg-1 in T. Aman. Except grain sample (T. Aman) of one union, the grains in both Boro and T. Aman of all unions did not exceed 1.0 mg kg-1 dry weight of arsenic (the permissible limit of arsenic in rice according to WHO recommendation). Thus, till now rice has remained harmless for consumption in the study area. The results clearly showed that the arsenic content in the grains of Boro rice is correlated to the intensity of arsenic contamination of irrigation water and soil. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 74-82

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of CaCl2 on Growth, Membrane Permeability and Nutrient Uptake in Oryza sativa Grown at High NaCl Salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Anbu ◽  
S. Sivasankaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

A pot culture was carried out with Oryza sativa L. vari-Co-39, to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium chloride on plants grown at NaCl (50mM) concentration. Treatments were: (1) Control: nutrient solution alone (C); (2) nutrient solution plus 50mM sodium chloride (NaCl); (3) nutrient solution plus 10mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (4) nutrient solution plus 15mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (5) nutrient solution and 50 mM NaCl plus supplementary 10 mM CaCl2 (NaCl + CaCl2); and (6) 50 mM NaCl plus additional mixture of 15 mM CaCl2 in nutrient solution (NaCl + CaCl2). The plants grown under salt stress produced low dry weight and relative water content than those grown in standard nutrient solution and in CaCl2 alone. Supplemental calcium chloride added to nutrient solution containing salt significantly improved growth and relative water content. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl application and these increases in root membrane permeability were decreased with supplementary Ca. The concentration of chloride (Cl) increases highly for all treatments. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in both shoots and roots at high NaCl treatment. Application of supplementary Ca lowered Na concentration. Concentrations of Ca. K and N were at deficient ranges in the plants grown at high NaCl levels and these deficiencies were corrected by supplementary Ca. The ameliorating effect of Ca on growth and physiological variables could reduce the negative effect of salinity of Oryza sativa L., plants.

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