scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Chloroform and Methanol Extract of Lennea coromandelica Merr

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vedhanarayanan ◽  
T. Vaithiyanathan ◽  
P. Sundaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Bacterial Concentrations

The antimicrobial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Lennea coromandelica were screened for their was studied against gram positive bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis gram negative bacteria strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and fungal strains such as Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata using disc diffusion method, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), Minimum Bacterial Concentrations (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFC). The antimicrobial activity for different concentrations like 250 μg, 500 μg and 1000 μg of different solvent extracts of Lannea cormandelica. bacterial strains and recorded in highest mean zones of inhibition ranged from 19.6 mm and Candidal strains and the exhibited the highest mean zones of inhibition ranged from 10.6 mm. Methanol extracts showed the best results as inhibition zones against tested organisms. Results showed also that, the greatest effect was towards Staphylococcus aureus and the lowest was against Candida krusei. The present study reported the great effect of Lannea cormandelica extracts against some of most important pathogens.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus responsible for bovine mastitis sensitivity to the essential oil of Algerian Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Bendella Amina nor elhouda ◽  
Ghazi Kheira ◽  
Meliani Samia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractThe aim of this study is to test two different methods for evaluating the in vitro antibacterial effect of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut. essential oil against standard and clinical bacterial strains responsible for bovine mastitis: the disc diffusion method or the aromatogram which allows the demonstration of the antibacterial power of essential oils on the bacterial strains tested, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and two strains isolated from bovine mastitis milk S. aureus and E. coli. The inhibition activity of the essential oil of T. fontanesii on bacterial strains by the two methods shows that the antimicrobial power of this oil is very important and is characterized by bactericidal and bacteriostatic action against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The antimicrobial evaluation by the aromatogram showed good antibacterial activity against all the strains tested, the zones of inhibition of the bacteria were between 23,33±1,527mm and 37,5±3,535 mm. The search for minimum inhibitory concentrations MIC and bactericides CMB made it possible to quantitatively assess the antimicrobial power of this essential oil. In this work, the MIC was 0,625 µl/ml for all strains tested, and the lowest CMB was that of T. fontanesii against E. coli ATCC 25922 was 0,625 µl/ml.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles from Adansonia digitata Leaf Extract and Its Antimicrobial Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
A. O. Akintola ◽  
A. M. Azeez ◽  
B. D. Kehinde ◽  
I. C. Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Silver nano particles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using Adansonia digitata leaf extract. The synthesized silver nano particles were characterized in terms of synthesis, size, shape, morphology and capping functionalities by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized silver nano particles was investigated by well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the nano particle was studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeurigunosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonae while the antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum notatum and Rhizopus stolomifer. The synthesized AgNPs was active against all the studied microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterium (inhibition zones ranging from 12.00 to 28.00 mm, MIC: 30 µl, MBC: 50 µl) while Aspergillus niger was the most susceptible fungi (inhibition zones ranging from 10.00 to 18.00 mm, MIC: 90 µl, MFC: 120 µl. In conclusion the synthesized silver nanoparticles was found to have antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and fungi tested and hence has a great potential in biomedical application for the treatment of microbial infections.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Chaerophyllum Aureum L. (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Lakušić ◽  
Violeta Slavkovska ◽  
Milica Pavlović ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Jelena Antić Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts

The essential oils of the aerial parts and fruits of Chaerophyllum aureum L., collected from two mountains in Serbia, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sabinene (18.5-31.6%), p-cymene (7.9-25.4%) and limonene (1.9-10.9%) were characterized as the main constituents. The oils were tested against six bacterial strains and one strain of yeast, Candida albicans. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, while of the Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli was the most sensitive.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Two Cladonia Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birkan Açıkgöz ◽  
İskender Karaltı ◽  
Melike Ersöz ◽  
Zeynep M. Coşkun ◽  
Gülşah Çobanoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study explores the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects in culture assays of two fruticose soil lichens, Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia convoluta (Lamkey) Cout., to contribute to possible pharmacological uses of lichens. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans were examined using the paper disc method and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data showed the presence of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the lichen species. The chloroform extracts exhibited more signifi cant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. However, a higher antifungal activity was noted in the methanol extract of C. rangiformis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was recorded for the chloroform extract of C. convoluta against E. coli. The cytotoxic effects of the lichen extracts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were evaluated by the trypan blue assay yielding IC50 values of ca. 173 and 167 μg/ml for the extracts from C. rangiformis and C. convoluta, respectively.

scholarly journals Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Piron ◽  
Jessica Pastour ◽  
Niklas Tysklind ◽  
Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽  
Fabienne Priam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI DARI BEBERAPA KULTIVAR TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN HOLE-PLATE DIFFUSION METHOD

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Farida Lanawati Darsono ◽  
Stephanie Devi Artemisia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

A study has been performed on the antimicrobial activities of jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn) leaves from several cultivars (red, white and yellow cultivar) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 representing the Gram positive bacteria. The reason for conducting this research is that the leaves of jambu biji are frequently used in traditional medicine as a remedy against diarrhoea. The hole-plate diffusion method was used for conducting the antimicrobial activity test with antibiotics (Ampicilline trihidrat) as reference standards. The extracts of jambu biji for each cultivar were obtained by reflux with ethanol 96 percent. The concentrations of the extracts applied to the holes were 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v, the extracts were reconstituted with tween 80 and ethanol 96 percent. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji from each cultivar with the concentration of 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result obtained statictically evaluated using Anava Factorial 3x3 and furthery tested for significancy (a = 0.05). Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji leaves from red cultivar, white cultivar and yellow cultivar showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cyperus rotundus Leaf Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
EO Agbo ◽  
JO Ogenyi ◽  
CA Adah ◽  
CT Agber
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Study Results

Cyperus rotundus, a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial, stoloniferous herb. The study investigated the secondary metabolites present in the leaf of Cyperus rotundus and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The qualitative test of the extracts show the presence of steroid only in the hexane extract; flavonoid, cardiac glycoside in both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; saponin and tannin and phenolics in just the methanol extract. While alkaloid was present in all the extracts, terpenoid was absent in all. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disk-diffusion method against strains gram-positive bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, and strains of fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was monitored at different concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL prepared from the stock concentration (100mg/mL) by serial dilution; with standard drugs: ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. The inhibition of the test organisms were concentration dependent. The methanol extract showed significantly higher Inhibition Zone (IZ) and Activity Index (AI) against the microbes at all concentrations compared to the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts due to the much phytochemicals (saponins, tanins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycocides and alkaloids) found present in its extract. The overall study results signify the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a source of therapeutic agents. The methanol extract showed the best activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL, especially the most susceptible bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (IZ of 25.0±1.5; AI of 0.96) and Candida albicans (IZ of 25.5±0.5; AI of 0.91). At MIC, MBC and MFC of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, the plant extracts showed effective bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the test microbes.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts from thyme and rosemary against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9656-9671
Author(s):  
Akram Sabzikar ◽  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi ◽  
Younes Shirmohammadli ◽  
Abbas Jalaligoldeh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Main Components

Different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of thyme (Zataria multiflora) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial activity using the agar-well diffusion method. The values of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) for Candida albicans fungus and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria were determined. The bioactivities of two various extracts were studied, and the chemical composition of the extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results of the test showed that at concentrations of 10% and 40% thyme extract, the values of IZD were 12.5 mm and 23.3 mm, respectively, against the growth of S. aureus, which were higher than C. albicans (7.0 mm and 22.5 mm, respectively). The rosemary extract at concentrations of 20% and 60% showed lower antibacterial activity against S. aureus (4.7 mm and 8.7 mm IZD, respectively) and lower antifungal activity against C. albicans (12.2 mm and 1.7 mm IZD, respectively). At a concentration of 40% thyme extract, the highest antibacterial (23.3 mm IZD) and antifungal (22.5 mm IZD) activities were observed. The GC/MS analysis showed that carvacrol (52.3%), linalool L (16%), and thymol (9.6%) were the main components of thyme extract, while in the rosemary extract β-amyrone (18.0%), verbenone (8.0%), and 1,8-cineole (7.26%) were the major constituents.

scholarly journals Potential Antibacterial Activity of Two Important Local Chewing Sticks “Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus” along with Antioxidant Capacities

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
AO Shittu ◽  
A Aliyu ◽  
MS David ◽  
NS Njinga ◽  
HI Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Chewing Sticks

In order to authenticate and ascertain the various claim by the rural dwellers that depend on chewing sticks for their oral hygiene and protection against innumerable diseases, the antibacterial activity of the roots of Fagara zanthoxyloides and Distemonanthus benthamianus were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. In-vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants was also carried out using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhii ATCC 14028, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 and also some clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis at different concentrations and ratios. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, saponin, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenol. All the test microorganisms were susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the extracts at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml. F. zanthoxyloides had better antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 21.0 to 26.0 mm at 200 mg/ml and 24.3 to 29.3 mm at 500 mg/ml while D. benthamianus had zones of inhibition ranging from 17.7 to 26.7 mm at 200 mg/mL and 19.0 to 26.7 mm at 500 mg/mL. Some of the test microorganisms were resistant to the standard antibiotics (cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin). Combinations of the extracts in ratios 50:50 and 75:25 yielded no increase in activity. The MIC and MBC for D. benthamianus ranged from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/mL and 25 to 200 mg/ml, respectively while that of F. zanthoxyloides ranged from 1.56 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/mL and 50 to 200 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by F. zanthoxyloides and D. benthamianus indicates that they would be valuable in the management of urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections while at the same time helping to mitigate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Phenolic compounds of plants, among them flavonoids are the chief constituents, which have potent antioxidant activities Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 223-232, 2019 (December)

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Propolis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Przybyłek ◽  
Tomasz M. Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The World

Researchers are continuing to discover all the properties of propolis due to its complex composition and associated broad spectrum of activities. This review aims to characterize the latest scientific reports in the field of antibacterial activity of this substance. The results of studies on the influence of propolis on more than 600 bacterial strains were analyzed. The greater activity of propolis against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative was confirmed. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of propolis from different regions of the world was compared. As a result, high activity of propolis from the Middle East was found in relation to both, Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains. Simultaneously, the lowest activity was demonstrated for propolis samples from Germany, Ireland and Korea.

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