The nutritional, hormonal and vitamin status in overweight and obesity

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic which is increasing dramatically in overwhelming rates among males and females of all age categories in developing and developed countries.Methods: The first phase of the project involves the questionnaires which apply to all the Participants in research. We also use the lab investigation to determine the abnormality in overweight and obese people. Then we will analysis and combine the results to others research and give output and recommendation that we hope helping us to limiting of increase incidence of obesity.Results: sample show that high cholesterol above normal average approximately in 31.05% of the participants while the triglyceride rate increased in 31.67%. A lack of vitamin D, as the rate did not exceed 18±6.8, in individuals with the BMI 25-29, and to be 13±8.82, in individuals with the BMI>30. Vitamin B12 rate became borderline in individuals with BMI 25-29, and deficient in individuals with BMI>30.Conclusions: Obese Saudi individuals have several nutritional deficiencies specifically in vitamins D and B12 despite their overweight. Efforts should be focused to increase awareness of healthy and weight control.

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Biomarkers of Micronutrients in Regular Follow-Up for Tyrosinemia Type 1 and Phenylketonuria Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimber van Vliet ◽

Iris L. Rodenburg ◽

Willem G. van Ginkel ◽

Charlotte M.A. Lubout ◽

Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Dietary Restrictions ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is treated with dietary restrictions and sometimes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). PKU patients are at risk for developing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 and folic acid, likely due to their diet. Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is similar to PKU in both pathogenesis and treatment. TT1 patients follow a similar diet, but nutritional deficiencies have not been investigated yet. In this retrospective study, biomarkers of micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients were investigated and outcomes were correlated to dietary intake and anthropometric measurements from regular follow-up measurements from patients attending the outpatient clinic. Data was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s exact and Spearman correlation tests. Furthermore, descriptive data were used. Overall, similar results for TT1 and PKU patients (with and without BH4) were observed. In all groups high vitamin B12 concentrations were seen rather than B12 deficiencies. Furthermore, all groups showed biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency. This study shows that micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients are similar and often within the normal ranges and that vitamin D concentrations could be optimized.

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The Body Mass Index BMI Should be Abandoned in Favour of the Body-Shape Index BSI for Controlling Body Weight in Adults

International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.33140/ijdmd/00010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Weight Control ◽

Body Shape ◽

Least Squares Method ◽

Shape Index ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Average Value ◽

Males And Females ◽

Standard Deviations

Objective: This paper aims at optimal metrology for defining healthy weights in humans using weight-height ratios. Study Design: Normal appearing Caucasian males and females of any age and height were stochastically selected individually and grouped into cohorts of gender, different heights and ages, in order to apply rigorous statistical analyses, using the least squares method of Gauss. Methods: 246 Caucasian males and 258 Caucasian females of “normal” appearance represent an unbiased stochastically selected cohort sufficiently large to analyse statistically individual and cohort values for Body-MassIndex, kg/m2 , and Body-Shape-Index, kg/m3 , relating to gender, height, and age. Results: For Caucasians taller than ~1.2m the BMI is largely inferior to the BSI. In adults, the single average normal weight BSI value is 12.54 for males and 12.36 for females, with standard deviations of 1.67 and 1.95, respectively. For children smaller than ~1.2m the BMI is superior showing at normal weight an average value of ~16.0 for males and ~15.2 for females, with standard deviations of 1.70 for males and 1.66 for females. The difference between BMI and BSI applicability lies in the proportionality of body shapes changing with growth from childhood to adults. Conclusions: The BMI is the choice for weight control only of children of <1.2m. In individuals taller than 1.7m, a single BMI value introduces serious errors and should not be used. The BSI provides a stable value with height >1.2m and should replace the BMI. - BSI and BMI cut-off values are given for severe underweight, overweight and obesity for males and females for clinical guidance and use in public health.

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The Origins of Salivary Vitamin A, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D-Binding Proteins

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3838

Author(s):

Matthew Blakeley ◽

Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora ◽

Guy Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Vitamin Status ◽

Healthy Donors

Vitamin A- (retinol), vitamin B12- (haptocorrin) and vitamin D-binding proteins are the major circulatory transporters of their respective ligands; they are also constituents of the salivary proteome, the origins of which, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how these proteins enter saliva and their relationship (if any) with vitamin status. Firstly, the three vitamin-binding proteins were quantified in resting whole mouth saliva and chewing-stimulated saliva from healthy donors (n = 10) to determine if they enter the mouth by salivary secretion or from the circulation. Secondly paired whole mouth saliva and serum samples were analysed from healthy donors (n = 14) to determine the relationships between the vitamin-binding proteins and vitamin status. Salivary output of all three vitamin-binding proteins studied increased when secretion was stimulated, suggesting they are secreted by the salivary glands. Whilst retinol-binding protein and haptocorrin were secreted by all major salivary glands, vitamin D-binding protein was restricted to the mucus glands. Salivary vitamin-binding protein concentrations were not found to be indicative of systemic vitamin status.

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P51 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY POST OESOPHAGO-GASTRIC SURGERY IN CANCER PATIENTS

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doz092.51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Veeralakshmanan Ji Chung Tham Pushpa ◽

Wadhawan Himanshu ◽

Wright Amy ◽

Bolter Marilyn ◽

Berrisford Richard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Gastric Surgery ◽

Small Sample ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Nurse Specialist

Abstract Aim Postoperative nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in patients undergoing oesophagectomy or gastrectomy for malignant tumours. The deterioration in nutritional status post oesophagectomy is seen more profoundly after 6 months of surgery [1]. In our unit, we successfully implemented Allied Health Professionals (AHP) led clinics consisting of cancer nurse specialist and specialist dietician to conduct routine follow-up for 5 year duration post oesophago-gastric surgery to help identify and manage nutritional deficiencies. Background & Methods AHP led outpatient clinic was established in February 2017. Between February 2017 and February 2018, all patients who were eligible and who attended the AHP clinic at our tertiary unit were included in the study. All patients who attended the clinic, had micronutrient screening in particular ferritin, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. Patients were screened for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) through series of questions related to symptoms of EPI including steatorrhea, flatulence, loose stools and urgency to defecate. All patients included in the study were started on A-Z multivitamin tablets from their first visit. Patients reporting symptoms indicative of EPI were started on Creon. Patients found deficient in any micronutrients were invited for a follow-up measurement of the respective deficiency. Results A total of 52 patients were included in the study period with a median follow-up of 17 months post oesophago-gastric cancer surgery. Proportion of patients with deficiency in ferritin, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D were 51.92%, 11.54%, 7.69% and 42.31% respectively. Proportion of patients identified with symptoms indicative of EPI was 36.54%. At re-test follow-up, 64.71% patient noticed settlement of symptoms of EPI and 85.91% of patients improved their ferritin levels at retest. Folate, Vitamin B12 and D levels significantly improved post initial AHP follow-up (significance level p<0.05). Conclusion Despite the study’s limitation of a small sample size of 52, it highlights that nutritional deficiencies post oesophago-gastric surgeries are prevalent. AHP run follow-up clinics in our unit helps identify these deficiencies and manage them accordingly. Study shows statistically significant improvement in deficiencies thereby making AHP led follow-up clinics to be cost effective and improve patient outcome.

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Evaluation of serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels as biochemical markers of chronic telogen effluvium in women

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20211700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

V. A. Belgaumkar ◽

R. B. Chavan ◽

N. S. Deshmukh ◽

P. Patil ◽

N. Bhatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Past History ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Normal Range ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background: Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint encountered by dermatologists in clinical practice and can be alarming to the patients. Chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) is characterized by an abrupt onset of diffuse loss of scalp hair persisting for more than six months, predominantly affecting healthy women in their fourth to fifth decade of life. Although CTE is considered to be associated with various nutritional deficiencies, currently the evidence to substantiate this assertion is conflicting.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 adult non-pregnant women with CTE to document serum ferritin, B12 and vitamin D levels in an attempt to validate their role as biochemical markers using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25:0 and Fisher’s exact test.Results: Mean ferritin level was 31.17 ng/dL. 23% patients had serum ferritin levels lower than the normal range (13-150 ng/dL). Vitamin D levels (normal range 5.2-60.4 ng/ml, mean 21.41 ng/ml) were low (deficiency range) in 2%. Vitamin B12 levels (normal range 191-663 pg/ml, mean 239.79) were low in 35.7% patients. Other parameters like duration, family history, past history of treatment did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation.Conclusions: Our study detected low levels of serum ferritin and vitamin B12 in approximately one-fourth and a third of females with chronic telogen effluvium respectively with vitamin D deficiency found in only a small proportion. Although a statistically significant correlation could not be established between these nutrients and participant age or other parameters; we concur with most authors who recommend that all females with diffuse hair loss deserve a thorough screening for nutritional deficiencies to facilitate prompt recognition and timely supplementation.

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Potential Prebiotic Properties of Nuts and Edible Seeds and Their Relationship to Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Clara Sugizaki ◽

Maria Naves

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Weight Control ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Edible Seeds ◽

Body Weight Control ◽

Edible Seed

Obesity is a global epidemic chronic condition and is progressing at a rapid rate. This review focuses on the potential prebiotic properties of nuts and edible seeds and the plausible mechanisms that their consumption may help the prevention and the management of overweight and obesity. The literature review was performed by searching papers about the topic in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. The healthy attributes of nuts and edible seeds, especially dietary fibers and polyphenols contents, indicate that their mechanism of weight gain prevention may occur through interaction with the gut microbiota, by means of prebiotic effects. Among the etiological factors associated with obesity, the gut microbiota seems to play a significant role. Dysbiosis causes an imbalance in energy homeostasis that contributes to obesity. Three mechanisms are proposed in this review to explain the potential role of nut and edible seed consumption on intestinal homeostasis and body weight control: maintenance of the enteric barrier integrity, improvement of anti-inflammatory status and enhancement of butyrate synthesis. Further high-quality clinical trials should explore the interaction between oilseed consumption, microbiota, and body adiposity control, particularly investigating the microbiota metabolites and their relation to the prevention and management of obesity.

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Actualización sobre deficiencias nutricionales en la mujer deportista a partir de la literatura científica

Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición ◽

10.37527/2020.70.3.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 164-177

Author(s):

Mireya Vázquez Franco ◽

Nuria Giménez-Blasi ◽

José Antonio Latorre ◽

Manuel Martínez-Bebia ◽

Anna Bach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Sports Performance ◽

Study Objective ◽

Vitamina D ◽

Bibliographic Search ◽

Las Mujeres

Los déficits nutricionales en la mujer deportista causan numerosos problemas de salud, así como un empeoramiento en el rendimiento deportivo, como consecuencia de estas deficiencias nutricionales. El conocimiento de estos déficits y su prevención deben ser un aspecto principal para cualquier responsable deportivo. Establecer la importancia del estudio de los déficits de energía, proteínas, minerales (Fe, Ca y Mg) y vitaminas (Vitamina D, ácido fólico y vitamina B12) que pueden desarrollar las mujeres deportistas y su relación con la prevalencia de la tríada femenina y constatar la importancia del conocimiento por parte de los responsables deportivos de los problemas derivados de los déficits nutricionales. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos, entre 2013-2020, relevantes para el objetivo de estudio. Se usaron bases de datos científicas como PubMed y Pennutrition, siguiendo los criterios de exclusión e inclusión elegidos para este estudio. 51 artículos fueron encontrados. Los resultados mostraron la prevalencia de energía, Fe, vitamina D y Ca, así como un suficiente aporte proteico, faltan estudios para determinar los niveles de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico. Se observó, además la prevalencia de mujeres que cumplen con uno o varios factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la tríada de la deportistas femenina. Es imprescindible la prevención o, el tratamiento, de los déficits nutricionales en las mujeres deportistas para asegurar un correcto estado de salud y un rendimiento deportivo óptimo. Nutritional deficiencies in women athletes cause numerous health problems, as well as a worsening of sports performance, as a result of these nutritional deficiencies. Awareness of these deficiencies and their prevention should be a major aspect for any sports manager. The aim of the study was to establish the importance of studying the deficits of energy, protein, minerals (Fe, Ca and Mg) and vitamins (Vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12) that can be developed by female athletes and their relationship with the prevalence of the female triad and to establish the importance of knowledge by sports managers of the problems arising from nutritional deficiencies. 51 papers were found. A bibliographic search of relevant articles for the study objective was carried out (2013-2020). Scientific databases such as PubMed and Pennutrition were used, following the exclusion and inclusion criteria chosen for this study. The results showed the prevalence of energy, Fe, vitamin D and Ca, as well as sufficient protein intake and a lack of studies to determine the levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In addition, the prevalence of women meeting one or more risk factors for the development of the female sports triad was observed. It is essential the prevention or, treatment, of nutritional deficits in female athletes to ensure proper health status and optimal sports performance.

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Pro-Health Education of Youth in Poland

Comparative Professional Pedagogy ◽

10.2478/rpp-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Aleksandra Michalska

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Weight Control ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Individual Counseling ◽

Health Related ◽

Continuous Work ◽

Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Nowadays, thanks to greater awareness of society and development of restorative medicine, more and more attention is paid to preventive care. That is caused by the fact that there is little progress for both sexes in the frequency of healthy behavior: girls fall much worse than boys in terms of frequency of physical activity, they do not eat breakfast either; boys do not maintain a healthy diet and are reluctant to eat vegetables and fruits, they often drink high-calorie sodas and less frequently brush teeth. Though with age some improvements in oral hygiene and certain eating behaviors can be noticed. It has been determined that overweight and obesity is a serious problem, as they can contribute to developmental disorders. In this respect it should be the responsibility of teachers to provide individual physical education (according to medical qualifications), prevent various forms of discrimination and bullying among peers, provide individual counseling and health education, weight control of students. It has been defined that for modern teachers it is a difficult task as students rarely eat fruits and vegetables, do not care about hygiene and frequency of meals, have passive mode of leisure. The acquisition of health during puberty allows functioning smoothly in society. However, despite the continuous work on improving and introduction of new programs of health education classes into schools of Poland, children still suffer from health-related problems. According to epidemiological research most of children in Poland fall on obesity, overweight and accompanying disorders and allergies. Youth is also exposed to accidents and related injuries. The problem is that students do not receive assistance and necessary information.

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Evaluation of the hormonal and biochemical changes in obese and non-obese PCOS Iraqi women before and after vitamin D supplementation

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v9i3.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (o3) ◽

Author(s):

Suaad Muhssen Ghazi ◽

Fatin Shallal Farhan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Follicular Development ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Obese People ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Before And After ◽

Granulose Cells

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Vitamin D plays an important physiologic role in reproductive functions of ovarian follicular development and luteinization through altering anti-müllerian hormone signaling, follicular stimulating hormone activity and progesterone production in human granulose cells. Vitamin D is precipitated in adipose fat tissues, making it notable to be used for the body as a result; obese people with high body mass index are already highly expected to have low levels of serum vitamin D.

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Effects of Diets on Adipose Tissue

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170518102340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (19) ◽

pp. 3593-3612

Author(s):

Silvia Ezquerro ◽

Amaia Rodríguez ◽

Piero Portincasa ◽

Gema Frühbeck

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Present Review ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Excess Adiposity

Background: Obesity is a major health problem that has become a global epidemic. Overweight and obesity are commonly associated with the development of several pathologies, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea and several types of cancer, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. An increased abdominal adiposity renders overweight and obese individuals more prone to metabolic and cardiovascular problems. Objective: This Review aims to describe the dietary strategies to deal with excess adiposity given the medical, social and economic consequences of obesity. Methods: One hundred and eighty-five papers were included in the present Review. Results: Excess adiposity leads to several changes in the biology, morphology and function of the adipose tissue, such as adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis and an impaired secretion of adipokines, contributing to the onset of obesity- related comorbidities. The first approach for obesity management and prevention is the implementation of a diet combined with physical activity. The present review summarizes the compelling evidence showing body composition changes, impact on cardiometabolism and potential adverse effects of very-low calorie, low- and high-carbohydrate, high-protein or low-fat diets. The use of macronutrients during the preprandial and postprandial state has been also reviewed to better understand the metabolic changes induced by different dietary interventions. Conclusion: Dietary changes should be individualised, tailored to food preferences and allow for flexible approaches to reducing calorie intake in order to increase the motivation and compliance of overweight and obese patients.

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